EP0275311B1 - Verfahren und mehrlochdüse zum reparaturspritzen bei einer metallurgischen anlage - Google Patents

Verfahren und mehrlochdüse zum reparaturspritzen bei einer metallurgischen anlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275311B1
EP0275311B1 EP86905481A EP86905481A EP0275311B1 EP 0275311 B1 EP0275311 B1 EP 0275311B1 EP 86905481 A EP86905481 A EP 86905481A EP 86905481 A EP86905481 A EP 86905481A EP 0275311 B1 EP0275311 B1 EP 0275311B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
nozzles
fuel
lining
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86905481A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0275311A4 (de
EP0275311A1 (de
Inventor
Oleg Nikolaevich Chemeris
Izrail Abramovich Juzefovsky
Alexandr Alexandrovich Shershnev
Igor Pavlovich Tsibin
Alexandr Andreevich Kugushin
Mikhail Vasilievich Malakhov
Jury Viktorovich Lipukhin
Jury Ivanovich Zhavoronkov
Valery Nikolaevich Dudnikov
Alexandr Grigorievich Zeltser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VSESOJUZNY GOSUDARSTVENNY INSTITUT NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKIKH I PROEKTNYKH RABOT OGNEUPORNOI PROMUSHLENNOSTI
Original Assignee
VSESOJUZNY GOSUDARSTVENNY INSTITUT NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKIKH I PROEKTNYKH RABOT OGNEUPORNOI PROMUSHLENNOSTI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by VSESOJUZNY GOSUDARSTVENNY INSTITUT NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKIKH I PROEKTNYKH RABOT OGNEUPORNOI PROMUSHLENNOSTI filed Critical VSESOJUZNY GOSUDARSTVENNY INSTITUT NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKIKH I PROEKTNYKH RABOT OGNEUPORNOI PROMUSHLENNOSTI
Publication of EP0275311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275311A1/de
Publication of EP0275311A4 publication Critical patent/EP0275311A4/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C21C5/441—Equipment used for making or repairing linings
    • C21C5/443—Hot fettling; Flame gunning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F27D1/1642—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus
    • F27D1/1647—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus the projected materials being partly melted, e.g. by exothermic reactions of metals (Al, Si) with oxygen
    • F27D1/1652—Flame guniting; Use of a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F27D1/1673—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining applied centrifugally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F27D1/1642—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus
    • F27D1/1647—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus the projected materials being partly melted, e.g. by exothermic reactions of metals (Al, Si) with oxygen
    • F27D1/1652—Flame guniting; Use of a fuel
    • F27D2001/1657—Solid fuel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to repair methods and repair agents which are used in the iron and steel industry and in particular relates to a method for gate locking the feed of a metallurgical unit and a device for carrying it out.
  • the gate locking method according to the invention can be used to repair the lining of metallurgical units of cylindrical shape, for example converters.
  • the present invention can be used for gate locking flat lining surfaces in metallurgical units, for example the side walls of steel melting, heating and other furnaces.
  • a method for gate locking the feed of a metallurgical unit in which a mixture of a refractory powder and a carbon-containing fuel, for example periclase and coke in finely ground form, is applied to the feed in a ratio of about 3: 1 in an oxygen stream ( see the article in the journal "Ogneupory", 1981, No. 2, pp. 36 to 39).
  • the coke particles hit the feed surface, which has a temperature above 1,000 ° C, they ignite and, washed by the oxygen flow, they burn to form a high-temperature zone (1,700 to 1,900 ° C), in which the periclast particles reach the plastic state be heated and welded to the feed, forming a coating on it.
  • the coating formed in this way is firmly connected to the refractory materials of the lining. When the unit cools down abruptly and deeply, as well as when heated quickly, the coating does not crumble and peel off the feed.
  • the ignition time of the coke particles regardless of their size, is over 0.3 s, the flight time to the feed is under 0.1 s.
  • the coke particles are covered with several layers of the periclast particles and after their ignition and after the sintering of the nearby periclast particles, voids remain in the place of the coke particles, u. between pores with a size of 1 to 5 mm.
  • Samples of such coatings have a porosity of approximately 35%. These pores are filled with slag, the coating changes, its fire resistance decreases and as a result its service life is reduced.
  • a short service life of the coating is the main disadvantage of the above-mentioned method for gate locking the feed.
  • a blow mold for gate locking the converter chuck (US Pat. No. 3883078, published 1975) is known, the concentrically arranged pipelines for the supply of refractory powder, fuel and oxygen accordingly and a nozzle for their outflow towards the area of the chuck to be repaired contains.
  • the particles of the refractory powder are entrained by the oxygen flow at the nozzle outlet.
  • the fuel ignites and burns.
  • a flame is created in which the refractory particles are heated and applied in a plastic state to the surface of the lining, whereby a refractory coating is formed on this.
  • a high density of the coating (approx. 10%) and a good adhesive strength with basic refractory materials are achieved with gate locking.
  • the flame bursts on impact against the feed and exhaust gas flows occur around the point of impact. Fine particles of the refractory powder are discharged from the unit by the exhaust gases without touching the lining surface at the point of impact of the flame.
  • the goal-locking of the lining with a jet directed perpendicular to its surface is characterized by a low effectiveness when applying the refractory powder, the 20 to 50% (the weight ratio of the coating welded on in the specified area and the refractory powder introduced into the unit for door locking) is.
  • the blow mold described has a relatively low effectiveness when applying the refractory powder.
  • a method for gate locking a metallurgical aggregate (SU copyright certificate No. 939565, 12.12.78, published on 30.06.82 in the “Bulletin of the Discoveries, Inventions, Utility Models and Trademarks” No. 24) is known, in which the piece of coke previously on the bottom of the aggregate is charged and blown with an oxygen jet, with refractory powder being simultaneously fed into the lining of the aggregate in additional oxygen jets.
  • the unit's lining Before the gate is locked, the unit's lining has a temperature of over 1,400 ° C. Coke with a piece size of 20 to 60 mm is used for the process, which charges in one portion to the bottom of the unit and up to a temperature of over 1,000 ° C on the piece surface is endured.
  • blow molding is introduced into the unit for blowing oxygen onto the coke charged to the bottom of the unit and for supplying the refractory powder with the additional oxygen to the feed.
  • the oxygen supply is switched on.
  • the oxygen supplied to the bottom of the unit reacts with the coke to form carbon oxide (CO).
  • the resulting CO is burned to C0 2 (carbon dioxide) in the additional oxygen jets, which are aimed at the converter feed and contain refractory powder materials such as magnesite, dolomite, limestone.
  • Over half of the total amount of oxygen blown into the converter is fed to the coke.
  • the remaining oxygen is directed to the feed for the afterburning of the resulting CO.
  • the temperature is 1 300 to 1 500 ° C, on the forage surface the temperature reaches 1 800 to 2 000 ° C.
  • the refractory particles plasticize, weld onto the lining and sinter to form a dense, firm and highly refractory coating that is firmly attached to the lining.
  • the powder applied to the feed does not contain any burning additives (coke, anthracite, etc.) and the result is a high-density coating: its porosity is 10 to 20%.
  • Such a coating has good resistance to the intensive etching action of the slag during the melting process in the oxygen converter. Its wear rate is 1 to 2 mm per melt.
  • the excess of oxygen lowers the temperature in the flames, which arise when the oxygen jets directed at the lining interact with the gases rising from the converter base.
  • the temperature drop mentioned towards the end of the door locking process leads to an increase in the porosity of the coating to 30% and more and to an increased speed of the coating wear. If the temperature of the lining drops below 1,800 ° C, the refractory powder can no longer weld on. During this period, 3 to 5 t of the unreacted coking carbon remain in the converter, which after the door lock is completed is poured out of the converter together with the slag to be removed, which is a product of the interaction of the coke ash and the melted-down work surface that has flowed to the floor The lining is approx.
  • blow mold for gate locking metallurgical aggregates, in particular the feed from converters, which contains a water-cooled housing in which pipelines for the supply of a powdery one are known Mixture of refractory powder and fuel and the oxygen are arranged coaxially, and is provided with nozzles arranged on the side surface of the pipes for the supply of this mixture and the oxygen in the direction of the area of the feed to be repaired.
  • the blow mold is equipped with a device for the rotary movement and a reciprocating movement.
  • the nozzles are arranged on the side wall of the pipelines near their end face and directed towards the cylindrical part of the converter chuck. After flowing out of the nozzle, the fuel mixes with the oxygen, the mixture heats up from the feed surface, ignites and burns to form a high-temperature zone on the feed of the unit.
  • the refractory powder is applied to the surface of the feed, heated there to the plastic state, it welds to it and sinters to form a coating that adheres firmly to the feed.
  • the particles of the refractory powder which have not been welded to the lining at the point of impact of the flame, are discharged with the gases rising from this point into the converter atmosphere, where they are caught by any other flame, fed back to the lining and onto its surface be applied in another area.
  • Blow molds with 5 to 10 nozzles are used to lock 130 t converters, and the number of nozzles is increased to 20 for 350 t converters.
  • the effectiveness when applying the refractory powder reaches 90%.
  • the powdered fuel does not ignite until after a certain time (approx. 0.2 s) after application to the surface of the feed, during which the fuel particles are carried into the coating by the solid remover particles. Therefore, the fuel burns under a layer of the refractory powder that sinters, and a pore is created in the place of the burned fuel particle.
  • the coating has a porosity of 30%.
  • the pores of the coating are saturated with the slag of the metallurgical aggregate, the coating material reacts with the slag and changes: the quality of the coating, its resistance to slag deteriorates and the service life is shortened.
  • the service life of the coating with a thickness of 50 mm is 10 melts. For this reason, the short service life of the coating is one of the disadvantages of the construction mentioned.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a method for gate locking a metallurgical unit with such a supply of oxygen and fuel and to create a blow mold for its implementation with such a nozzle arrangement, by which the service life of the coating is extended while reducing fuel consumption .
  • This object has been achieved by the development of a method for gate locking a metallurgical aggregate which has walls and a floor which are lined with a refractory material, in which an oxygen jet is supplied to the floor area which only contains a part of the oxygen for the formation of carbon oxide in the aggregate contains added fuel, and the other part of the oxygen is fed to the feed to be repaired with a refractory powder, the fuel according to the invention being fed continuously in powder form into the oxygen jet directed at the bottom region.
  • the maximum temperature at the unit wall is reached, where the welding and sintering of the refractory powder takes place regardless of the gate locking period.
  • the maximum density and, accordingly, the maximum service life of the coating is achieved with a substantial reduction in fuel consumption.
  • a multi-nozzle blow mold for gate locking a metallurgical unit which contains a coolable housing in which pipes for the supply of refractory powder, fuel and oxygen are arranged coaxially, and with nozzles for the supply of refractory powder, fuel and oxygen is provided in which, according to the invention, one nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the blow mold and is provided for the supply of oxygen and refractory powder to the area of the feed to be repaired, and the other nozzles are arranged on the end face of the blow mold and for the supply of oxygen and fuel the bottom area of the metallurgical unit is provided, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the nozzles for supplying oxygen to the area of the feed to be repaired and the cross-sectional area of the nozzles for supplying oxygen to the bottom area of the metallu rgischen aggregate are essentially the same.
  • blow molding nozzles mixes the powdered fuel which is supplied to the bottom area of the metallurgical unit with the oxygen which is supplied to the bottom area of the metallurgical unit (primary oxygen), the mixture ignites and burns completely in the bottom area of the unit .
  • the carbon oxide (CO) heated to a high temperature is formed, which rises and fills the space of the metallurgical aggregate.
  • the oxygen jets that flow out of the nozzles arranged on the side wall of the blow mold secondary oxygen
  • the said carbon oxide (CO) is burned onto carbon oxide (C0 2 ), whereby a stable high-temperature flame is created.
  • the particles of the refractory powder In this flame, the particles of the refractory powder, the flow out of the nozzles arranged on the side wall of the blow mold, heated to the plastic state, and they weld onto the area of the lining to be repaired at the moment of their contact with the surface. As a result, a firm and dense coating is formed on the lining. A high quality of the coating is the result of the fuel particles not reaching the feed to be repaired because they burn completely in the bottom area of the metallurgical unit.
  • an oxygen jet is supplied to this area, which is only a part of the Contains oxygen (primary oxygen) for the formation of carbon oxide (CO) with the continuously supplied powdered fuel.
  • the second part of the oxygen is fed to the area of the feed to be repaired in order to burn the resulting carbon oxide (CO) onto carbon dioxide (C0 2 ). This can be explained by the fact that after the combustion reaction of the fuel-carbon, half an oxygen molecule has to be used up in order to burn a carbon molecule until the formation of carbon oxide.
  • Half an oxygen molecule is also required to afterburn the resulting carbon oxide onto carbon dioxide.
  • the consumption amounts of the primary and secondary oxygen are said to be the same and each amount to essentially half of the oxygen introduced into the metallurgical aggregate. In this case, the maximum high temperature is reached and the best coating quality is achieved.
  • the multi-nozzle blow mold 1 (FIG. 1) contains a coolable housing 2, in which a pipe 3 for the oxygen supply, a pipe 4 for the supply of a refractory powder and a pipe 5 for the supply of a fuel are arranged coaxially.
  • the blow mold 1 is provided with four nozzles 6 for supplying oxygen to the area of the feed of a metallurgical unit to be repaired and with four nozzles 7 for supplying refractory powder to the area of the feed to be repaired.
  • each nozzle 7 for the supply of refractory powder is arranged coaxially in the nozzle 6 for the supply of oxygen.
  • These nozzles 6 and 7 can also be arranged differently in series, for example.
  • the nozzles 6 and 7 are arranged on the side wall of the blow mold 1 and directed towards the region of the lining of the metallurgical unit to be repaired.
  • the blow mold 1 is provided with four nozzles 6 for the oxygen supply and with four nozzles 7 for the supply of refractory powder to the area of the lining of the metallurgical unit to be repaired, but the number of these nozzles 6 and 7 can be larger or smaller. The number of nozzles is selected depending on the area of the area of the chuck to be repaired
  • the blow mold 1 contains a nozzle 8 for supplying oxygen to the bottom region of the metallurgical unit and a nozzle 9 for supplying the powdered fuel to the metallurgical unit, which is arranged coaxially in the nozzle 8 for supplying oxygen to the bottom region of the metallurgical unit.
  • the nozzles 8 and 9 can be arranged differently, for example next to one another, and their number can be different.
  • the nozzles 6, 7, 8 and 9 communicate with the pipes 3, 4 and 5 accordingly.
  • the nozzles 8 and 9 are located on the end face of the blow mold 1 and are oriented towards the bottom area of the metallurgical unit.
  • the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the nozzles 6 for supplying oxygen to the area to be repaired and the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 8 for supplying oxygen to the bottom area of the metallurgical unit are essentially the same.
  • the blow mold 1 has a device 10 (FIG. 2) for a reciprocating movement, which facilitates its arrangement in the cavity of the metallurgical unit, and a device 11 for its rotary movement in the case when the entire cylindrical part of the metallurgical unit should be repaired.
  • the devices 10 and 11 are shown schematically in the drawing. You can have any construction that is suitable for the purposes mentioned.
  • a converter 12 which has walls 13 and a base 14 which are lined with a refractory material
  • carbon-containing substances such as coke, anthracite, coal types with an ash content of up to 30% are used as the powdered fuel.
  • Such a fuel possibly coke dust
  • the coke dust mixes with the primary oxygen flowing out of the nozzle 8, ignites and burns.
  • the quantity ratio of the fuel and the primary oxygen is selected such that all of the fuel burns in the region of the base 14 of the assembly except for carbon oxide.
  • the heated CO is sucked in by the jets of secondary oxygen, which carries a refractory powder, for example finely ground periclase powder, and burns to CO 2 .
  • the consumption of the secondary oxygen and the consumption of the primary oxygen are kept the same. That is why CO burns practically without unburned matter and without excess oxygen.
  • the maximum flame temperature of approximately 2,000 ° C. can be developed in any gate-locking period in the area where the refractory powder is applied to the lining of the converter 12. At such a temperature, the diffusion processes in the refractory particles are particularly active and the coating sinters to the maximum density (the periclase coating has a porosity of approx. 10%).
  • the multi-nozzle blow mold works as follows.
  • the converter 12 with the worn feed is brought into the vertical position.
  • the multi-nozzle blow mold 1 is inserted into the converter 12 for its gate locking.
  • the pipelines 3, 4 and 5 for the supply of oxygen, refractory powder and powdered fuel, these substances are supplied to the nozzles 6, 7, 8, 9 accordingly.
  • This CO rises into the cylindrical part of the converter 12, where it is burned onto the CO 2 by the rays of the secretary oxygen flowing out of the nozzles 6, which are supplied to the area of the feed to be repaired together with the periclase powder flowing out of the nozzle 7, whereby secondary flames arise.
  • the periklast particles are heated to the plastic state, after which they weld onto the lining and form a tight, firm and durable coating thereon.
  • the gases rising from the area to be locked which mainly consist of CO 2 , are expelled into the chimney (not shown in FIG. 1) of the converter 12 and pass through a gas cleaning system (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the coating thickness on the diameter and at the height of the converter 12 is regulated by the rotation, the lifting and lowering of the blow mold 1, which are accomplished by means of the devices 10 and 11.
  • the method and the multi-nozzle bubble shape according to the invention compared to the prototype, achieve an almost 30% longer service life of the coating with a reduction in fuel consumption by more than 80%.
  • the present invention can be used particularly effectively in the repair of the lining of a metallurgical unit in the warm state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
EP86905481A 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Verfahren und mehrlochdüse zum reparaturspritzen bei einer metallurgischen anlage Expired - Lifetime EP0275311B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SU1986/000061 WO1987007913A1 (en) 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Method and multi-nozzle tuyere for guniting of metallurgical plant

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0275311A1 EP0275311A1 (de) 1988-07-27
EP0275311A4 EP0275311A4 (de) 1988-10-24
EP0275311B1 true EP0275311B1 (de) 1990-01-03

Family

ID=21617010

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86905481A Expired - Lifetime EP0275311B1 (de) 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Verfahren und mehrlochdüse zum reparaturspritzen bei einer metallurgischen anlage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0275311B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPS63503558A (pt)
AT (1) ATE49235T1 (pt)
BR (1) BR8607173A (pt)
DE (1) DE3668005D1 (pt)
HU (1) HUT47647A (pt)
IN (1) IN165418B (pt)
WO (1) WO1987007913A1 (pt)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19621689A1 (de) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-04 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Elektrischer Widerstands-Temperaturfühler

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3883078A (en) * 1972-01-28 1975-05-13 Oleg Nikolaevich Chemeris Method and a device for gunniting converter linings
SU653904A1 (ru) * 1976-01-04 1982-03-15 Донецкий научно-исследовательский институт черной металлургии Способ торкретировани конвертора
SU939565A1 (ru) * 1978-12-12 1982-06-30 Предприятие П/Я Г-4332 Способ факельного торкретировани футеровки металлургических агрегатов
DE2938250C2 (de) * 1979-09-21 1983-01-13 Doneckij naučno-issledovatel'skij institut černoj metallurgii, Doneck Verfahren zum Flammspritzauskleiden des Konverterfutters bei senkrechter Stellung des Konverters und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung

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Publication number Publication date
BR8607173A (pt) 1988-09-13
EP0275311A4 (de) 1988-10-24
HUT47647A (en) 1989-03-28
EP0275311A1 (de) 1988-07-27
IN165418B (pt) 1989-10-14
WO1987007913A1 (en) 1987-12-30
DE3668005D1 (de) 1990-02-08
ATE49235T1 (de) 1990-01-15
JPS63503558A (ja) 1988-12-22

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