EP0258734B1 - Bauplatte im Schichtenaufbau und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Bauplatte im Schichtenaufbau und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258734B1
EP0258734B1 EP87111975A EP87111975A EP0258734B1 EP 0258734 B1 EP0258734 B1 EP 0258734B1 EP 87111975 A EP87111975 A EP 87111975A EP 87111975 A EP87111975 A EP 87111975A EP 0258734 B1 EP0258734 B1 EP 0258734B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binder
aggregate
layer
water
reinforcement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87111975A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0258734A3 (en
EP0258734A2 (de
Inventor
Gert Kossatz
Wolfgang Heine
Karsten Lempfer
Heinz Sattler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to AT87111975T priority Critical patent/ATE70583T1/de
Publication of EP0258734A2 publication Critical patent/EP0258734A2/de
Publication of EP0258734A3 publication Critical patent/EP0258734A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258734B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B28B1/525—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement containing organic fibres, e.g. wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0092—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to webs, sheets or the like, e.g. of paper, cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0006—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/57—Processes of forming layered products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/253—Cellulosic [e.g., wood, paper, cork, rayon, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building board in a layered structure with good elastomechanical and fire protection properties, preferably for use as a double or multiple floor in the furnishing of computer rooms, and a method for its production.
  • Such a combination is carried out in an already known process in that, in the wet process, glass fibers as mats or fabrics are inserted in amounts of up to 10% by mass in Purgips plates, the poor elastomechanical properties of the Purgips plate being improved by the combination with the glass fibers.
  • Adhesive connections have disadvantages due to the age-related embrittlement and the requirement for the joint fit, which can have an effect especially on load-bearing components.
  • individual prefabricated layers are subsequently screwed together or connected in some other way.
  • mechanical post-assembly is currently preferred.
  • a support layer in a binder suspension which is in the flowable state, is therefore pressed in to the extent that the cured state produces an adhesive strength between the two layers in the hardened state.
  • the particle board surface is roughened with coarse sandpaper or grooved to improve the adhesion between the plaster top layer and the main particle board layer.
  • the bond between the plaster layer and the particle board layer is insufficient, so that the multilayer plate tends to lose its adhesion at the interface between the particle board and the plaster layer.
  • a gypsum-glass fiber layer is used as an intermediate layer between two chipboards, there is a risk that the chipboard layers will no longer adhere to one another due to the low adhesive properties of the gypsum layer when subjected to strong elastomechanical stress.
  • EP 0 019 207 discloses a method for producing gypsum components, in particular gypsum boards, in which a so-called “semi-dry method” is used. It can also be seen from EP 0 019 207 that this "semi-dry process" can be used to produce a layered structure.
  • DE-OS 28 54 228 also describes a gas concrete component and a method for producing it.
  • This gas concrete part has a layered structure made of a glass fiber mat, which is connected to the component via a mortar layer.
  • the building board according to the invention has either an edge layer or an intermediate layer or a combination of edge and intermediate layer or a combination of edge and intermediate layers made of a binder, which are relatively thin compared to one or more main layers consisting of a mixture of binder and aggregate - or reinforcement materials are composed. Reinforcements are introduced in the edge and / or intermediate layers, which are arranged in a preferred embodiment in an area close to the edge and in another preferred embodiment directly in the edge area of the binder edge layer.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that for the best possible connection between the individual layers of the building board in the layer structure Formation of an interface between the individual layers of the building board in the layer structure, the formation of an interface between the individual layers is suppressed in order to form a continuous transition region between the individual boundary, main and intermediate layers.
  • the reinforcement consists of a fiber insert, which in turn can be composed of woven or non-woven glass fiber material.
  • a conventional inorganic binder preferably gypsum, or a mixture of binders can serve as the binder of the boundary, intermediate and main layer and a porous inorganic or organic material is added to the main layer as an additive or reinforcement material, which is used to absorb, store and release the Mixing water, which is required to set the binder, is suitable and can also have a reinforcing effect.
  • Water-soaked particles consisting of wood chips, shredded paper, wood or waste paper fibers, wood fiber granules, bark particles or similar organic materials are particularly suitable for this purpose. Particularly good building material properties are achieved with a main layer made from a wood chip binder mixture.
  • gas concrete, expanded clay or expanded mica particles, preferably vermiculite, foam or rock glass, preferably perlite, or synthetic resin foam flakes, which can also contain the mixing water required for rehydration and shaping, are also possible as additives or reinforcement materials.
  • Dihydrate grains of about 1 to 5 mm grain size can also be added as crystallization nuclei.
  • a binder mixture of sulfatic, lime-donating and pozzolanic materials is used as the binder of the surface, intermediate and / or main layer.
  • This binder mixture consists of 50 to 90% by mass calcium sulfate, 3 to 25% by mass lime-donating substances and 5 to 35% by mass highly active alumosilicate, pozzolanic substances rich in aluminum.
  • the strength properties improved by the choice of the binder are due in particular to the fact that the pozzolan component has substantial proportions of active alumina, as is the case with tuffs, many lignite powders, some slag in a smelter, etc.
  • the formation of the ettringite in the hardening products can lead to a considerable decrease in strength until the structure is destroyed instead of an increase in strength.
  • An increase in strength is achieved precisely when conditions were present in which ettringite can only arise during the solution phase. According to a further preferred embodiment of the solution, this is achieved in that the binder composition is considered to harden in space and is therefore suitable if, after a prismatic test specimen has hardened for 7 days, a maximum permissible change in length of 0.5% is not exceeded. If this technical rule is not observed, a decrease in strength in the building board can be expected.
  • the formation of ettringite through the solution phase is related to both the calcium hydroxide concentration development and the increase in volume.
  • the proportion of the pozzolan component can be increased compared to that of the lime component.
  • teaching according to the invention is not only limited to the use of sulfate binders, but also applies to other inorganic binders, for example cement.
  • the optimal ratio can be determined by the volume change behavior of reference samples according to the preferred embodiment described above.
  • the free-flowing aggregate or reinforcement / binder mixture whereby the majority of the powdery binder particles already adhere to the moist surfaces of the larger aggregate or reinforcement particles and thereby take over water, on a base area sprinkled, the reinforcement placed on this layer and the powdered binder layer dusted.
  • the aggregate or reinforcement material of the main layer contains the mixing water required to set all of the existing binder. Then by shaking, wiping, rolling or applying a low surface pressure ensures that the packing density between the aggregate or reinforcement and the binder particles is increased so that the mixing water required to set the binder from the aggregate or binder through additional contact points between the aggregate or reinforcement and the binder.
  • Reinforcement material emerges is released to the surrounding binder and creates a coherent plaster matrix.
  • the amount of water is sufficient to supply the binder of the adjacent surface or intermediate layer with the hydrate water necessary for hardening.
  • the use of the semi-dry process according to the invention for the production of multilayer boards shown here saves the high costs for sealing the molding systems which occur when using wet technologies in that part of the excess water escapes from the mixture of substances during component manufacture and contaminates the machines.
  • a part of the water used in wet technology is also a waste water contaminated with many gypsum particles.
  • For the drying of the multilayer boards produced in wet technology it is also important that a relatively large amount of free water remaining in the board has to be removed from the gypsum components, and it in turn leads to high costs, since this usually involves thermal drying.
  • the expelled water then leaves a correspondingly large pore space in the hardening product, as a result of which the material density is reduced and the mechanical material properties deteriorate.
  • the use of semi-dry technology takes advantage of the fact that the water retention capacity of porous additives - for example expanded clay, perlite, shredded paper and wood chips - is reduced is the water absorption capacity of the capillary-porous binder of the main, intermediate and peripheral layers. From the exploitation of this phenomenon according to the invention, it can be seen that the use of the semi-dry process with a water excess which is reduced by 50 to 70% compared to the wet process allows the supply of sufficient amount of water for hydration.
  • a new principle has thus been found on which the inventive production of multilayer boards with at least one main layer based, for example, on a wood chip-gypsum mixture is based:
  • the wet wood chips act as water deposits, from which the associated gypsum binder removes the setting water required for hydration.
  • the chip-gypsum mixture which is only earth-moist, is machine-sprinkled and compacted on a base. Since the flexural strength of a gypsum-bonded particle board - apart from the additional reinforcement - correlates with the density, a higher compression is synonymous with a higher flexural strength.
  • the chips also act as reinforcement of the gypsum matrix and combine in a continuous transition area between the main layer and the adjacent boundary or intermediate layers with the gypsum of these boundary or intermediate layers, supported particularly intensively by the water transfer.
  • the corresponding processes can be carried out either batchwise or continuously for the production of the mat-reinforced or fiber-reinforced materials.
  • Suitable methods of depositing the individual layers of the so-called material fleece formation can be both mechanical and pneumatic methods.
  • the formation of the continuous transition region which represents a gradual, continuous transition from the composition of the main layer to the composition of the edge and / or intermediate layer, leads to a kind of interlocking of the aggregate or reinforcement material of the main layer with the binder of the boundary or intermediate layer.
  • aggregates or reinforcement materials penetrate into the binder layer at the interface, which may be supported by the subsequent application of slight surface pressure or by shaking.
  • a washout effect of reinforcement particles in the lower layers of the main layer by released water from the upper layer areas of the main layer can provide support for the formation of the transition layer.
  • the subject matter of the invention advantageously improves the fire protection and elastomechanical properties of inorganically bound materials. Furthermore, through the formation of the surface layer, improvements in the surface quality, such as, for example, minimizing the surface roughness and minimizing the porosity, can be achieved, which lead, for example, to the splash water resistance of the inorganically bound building material panel.
  • the two-layer plate 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 consists of an edge layer 12 and a main layer 14 that are comparatively thin with the total thickness.
  • the edge layer 12 in turn is preferably composed of binder particles 16 in a bonded form, which are shown only occasionally in the present FIG.
  • a surface-sealed glass fiber mat 20 is embedded as reinforcement in the binder layer in such a way that a thin layer consisting only of binder is still present between it and the surface. This location is referred to as a location close to the edge.
  • Reinforcement materials 18, which are again only shown in isolation, is composed.
  • an intermediate layer 24 is formed which, in terms of composition, represents a continuous transition area from the binder / aggregate or reinforcement material mixture to the edge layer consisting only of binder, apart from the surface-sealed glass fiber mat.
  • Figure 2 shows a section through a two-layer building board according to the invention, similar to the example shown in Figure 1.
  • the reinforcing fiber layer is provided in the immediate edge position, which is necessary, for example, when minimizing the thickness of the edge layer.
  • reinforcement 20 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, two main layers 14 of the binder / aggregate or reinforcement mixture and an intermediate layer 22 of binder with an inserted glass fiber rug are shown as reinforcement 20.
  • FIG. 4 shows a combination of the exemplary embodiments shown above, in which a multilayer building board is shown in schematic section, which has two edge layers, two intermediate layers and three main layers.
  • the continuous transition region 24 forms at all transitions between the boundary, intermediate and main layers.
  • FIGS. 5 to 15 show embodiments of the reinforcement introduced into the edge or intermediate layer.
  • 5 shows a knotted synthetic fiber fabric, the stitches having a side dimension of approx. 40 mm
  • FIG. 6 shows an interwoven surface-sealed glass fiber rug, in which one side is 8 mm and the other 9 mm long
  • FIG. 7 shows a knotted synthetic fiber fabric in which one side length is approx. 20 mm long
  • FIG. 8 shows a surface-sealed glass fiber rug, in which one side length is approx. 10 and the other 11 mm long
  • FIG. 9 shows a similar glass fiber rug, with a fiber diameter that is comparatively thicker than that in FIG. 8,
  • FIG. 10 shows a synthetic fiber fabric , one side length being approx. 10 mm
  • FIG. 11 a synthetic fiber fabric, in which one side length is approx. 7 mm and the other approx. 6 mm
  • FIG. 12 a similar synthetic fiber fabric, with a thicker fiber diameter compared to that in FIG 11 shown
  • Figure 13 a Glass fiber mat with the side lengths 6 mm x 5 mm
  • FIG. 14 a glass fiber mat with a side length of approx. 2 mm
  • FIG. 15 a glass fiber fleece with randomly arranged glass fibers.
  • other glass fiber products, synthetic fibers, organic fibers and mineral fiber materials are also generally suitable.
  • gypsum chipboard is produced as multi-layer panels in a panel format of 660 mm x 560 mm x 38 mm.
  • the wood chip binder mixture prepared as above is sprinkled into a formwork box by means of a double roller spreading station and a prepared fiberglass mat is placed thereon. Then gypsum binder is dusted onto the mat through a sieve and wood chip binder material is sprinkled in again. Finally, a slight surface pressure is exerted on the plate so that, among other things, the spreading effect of the spreading Water for setting the gypsum gives an intermediate layer with a continuous transition area of the plate component distribution, which even leads to the chips protruding through the reinforcement mat and an additional anchoring of this mat in the intermediate layer between the edge and the main layer. This effect is more pronounced the larger the mesh size of the mesh reinforcement.
  • a wetted glass fiber mat is placed on the bottom of the formwork.
  • a thin layer of gypsum binder is dusted onto this through a sieve and the wood chip binder mixture of the main layer prepared as above is sprinkled in as a loose material fleece by means of a double roller spreading station.
  • the binder layer removes the remaining water from the mat reinforcement, the surface water and the wood chip binder fleece the remaining amount of water required for binding, whereby the desired intermediate layer and the interlocking thus achieved is achieved by the reinforcing wood chips.
  • the deposited nonwoven is inter-compacted, and a reinforcing mat is placed on this inter-compacted nonwoven, on which in turn gypsum binder is dusted. Finally, the plate is finally compacted by applying a surface pressure.
  • a glass fiber mat is placed on the bottom of the formwork, onto which a previously mixed mixture of gypsum binder, water and additive is applied in a flowable consistency and is evenly removed to minimize the amount used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
EP87111975A 1986-08-28 1987-08-18 Bauplatte im Schichtenaufbau und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0258734B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87111975T ATE70583T1 (de) 1986-08-28 1987-08-18 Bauplatte im schichtenaufbau und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863629223 DE3629223A1 (de) 1986-08-28 1986-08-28 Bauplatte im schichtenaufbau und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE3629223 1986-08-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258734A2 EP0258734A2 (de) 1988-03-09
EP0258734A3 EP0258734A3 (en) 1988-07-13
EP0258734B1 true EP0258734B1 (de) 1991-12-18

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ID=6308347

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87111975A Expired - Lifetime EP0258734B1 (de) 1986-08-28 1987-08-18 Bauplatte im Schichtenaufbau und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (2) US4923664A (pt)
EP (1) EP0258734B1 (pt)
AR (1) AR241947A1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE70583T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU601207B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR8704417A (pt)
DE (2) DE3629223A1 (pt)
FI (1) FI86454C (pt)
MX (1) MX169302B (pt)
NO (1) NO175161C (pt)
NZ (1) NZ221599A (pt)
ZA (1) ZA875740B (pt)

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DE2854228C2 (de) * 1978-12-15 1983-11-24 Ytong AG, 8000 München Mehrschichtenplatte aus Gasbeton sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE2919311B1 (de) * 1979-05-14 1980-09-18 Gert Prof Dr-Ing Habil Kossatz Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gipsbauteilen,insbesondere Gipsplatten
GB2065742B (en) * 1979-10-03 1984-01-11 Kurimoto Ltd Glass fibre reinforced cement plates and method and apparaus for their manufacture
DE3230406A1 (de) * 1982-08-16 1984-02-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München Bindemittelgemisch aus sulfatischen, kalkspendenden und puzzolanischen stoffen
FI69270C (fi) * 1984-09-21 1986-01-10 Metsaeliiton Teollisuus Oy Brandbestaendiga traekompositer speciellt inredningsskivor ochfoerfarande foer framstaellning av dessa

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BR8704417A (pt) 1988-04-19
ATE70583T1 (de) 1992-01-15
AU7760487A (en) 1988-03-03
FI873714A0 (fi) 1987-08-27
FI873714A (fi) 1988-02-29
NO873605L (no) 1988-02-29
EP0258734A3 (en) 1988-07-13
ZA875740B (en) 1989-04-26
EP0258734A2 (de) 1988-03-09
US4955171A (en) 1990-09-11
FI86454C (fi) 1992-08-25
DE3775304D1 (de) 1992-01-30
NO873605D0 (no) 1987-08-26
MX169302B (es) 1993-06-29
AR241947A1 (es) 1993-01-29
AU601207B2 (en) 1990-09-06
NO175161B (no) 1994-05-30
DE3629223A1 (de) 1988-03-10
NZ221599A (en) 1990-11-27
FI86454B (fi) 1992-05-15
NO175161C (no) 1994-09-07
US4923664A (en) 1990-05-08

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