EP0250612A1 - Planche pour un échafaudage à érection rapide - Google Patents

Planche pour un échafaudage à érection rapide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250612A1
EP0250612A1 EP86108522A EP86108522A EP0250612A1 EP 0250612 A1 EP0250612 A1 EP 0250612A1 EP 86108522 A EP86108522 A EP 86108522A EP 86108522 A EP86108522 A EP 86108522A EP 0250612 A1 EP0250612 A1 EP 0250612A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow box
rubber
elastic material
box profile
rivets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86108522A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0250612B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Buttgereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plettac GmbH
Original Assignee
Plettac GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plettac GmbH filed Critical Plettac GmbH
Priority to DE8686108522T priority Critical patent/DE3675019D1/de
Priority to EP86108522A priority patent/EP0250612B1/fr
Priority to AT86108522T priority patent/ATE57562T1/de
Priority to DE8708667U priority patent/DE8708667U1/de
Publication of EP0250612A1 publication Critical patent/EP0250612A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0250612B1 publication Critical patent/EP0250612B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
    • E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
    • E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
    • E04G1/152—Platforms made of metal or with metal-supporting frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
    • E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
    • E04G1/154—Non-detachably fixed and secured connections between platform and scaffold
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/08—Scaffold boards or planks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
    • E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
    • E04G2001/158—Platforms supported by spigots which engage through holes in the platform

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a scaffolding floor for a rapid scaffolding, which is provided at its ends with vertically to its plane receiving openings for retaining pins located on the scaffolding and consists of a one-part or multi-part hollow box profile extending over the length of the scaffolding floor, in particular made of metal the ends of which are attached to the end of the hollow box profile projecting end elements, each of which has a fastening section projecting into the interior of the hollow box profile.
  • the end elements produced from light metal are welded or riveted to the ends of the hollow box section which is likewise made of light metal.
  • a suitable aluminum profile is also used for the production of the end elements, which has to be processed accordingly for the connection to the end faces of the hollow box profile. You may also need to the ends of the box girder profile are processed accordingly for the connection of the end element.
  • the receiving openings for the holding pins of the scaffold are located in the end section of the box girder profile. These receiving openings are formed by hollow rivets which are open on both sides and penetrate the hollow box profile and the end element.
  • the scaffold floors of the type specified which are known from the prior art have disadvantages in various respects.
  • a major disadvantage is that the end regions, which are made entirely of metal, are sensitive to shock loads and suffer permanent deformations. If such a scaffold floor falls from a greater height, for example when dismantling or transporting the scaffold, the deformations that occur can render the scaffold floor unusable for further use.
  • Another disadvantage is that a relatively large amount of work is required for the production of the end elements and their attachment to the ends of the hollow box profile, so that the manufacturing costs are correspondingly high.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the scaffolding floor of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it is less sensitive to shock loads at the ends, enables cost-effective production and also gains in stability.
  • the invention proposes, starting from a scaffolding floor of the type mentioned, that the end elements and consist entirely or partially of rubber-elastic material that forms a flexible buffer zone towards the box girder profile.
  • the flexible buffer zones make the end regions largely insensitive to shock loads.
  • the scaffolding floor according to the invention is much better suited for rough construction site operations. Permanent deformations at the ends of the scaffolding floor are no longer to be feared, even in the event of a fall from a greater height.
  • the scaffolding floor according to the invention enables very inexpensive production.
  • the end elements or their parts can be produced as molded parts using the production methods customary in mass production at relatively low costs. These prefabricated end elements can be connected to the ends of the hollow box profile in a simple manner. Because of the presence of the elastic buffer zone, the forces acting on the end section of the scaffolding floor are distributed uniformly over the entire cross section of the hollow box section, so that the weight is substantially improved, and the stability is significantly improved.
  • a first embodiment of the scaffolding floor according to the invention provides that the closure element is designed as a molded part which is made entirely of rubber-elastic material.
  • the rubber-elastic material arranged in the fastening section serves as a buffer, but also the outer section of the closing element, which consists of rubber-elastic material and projects beyond the hollow box profile on the face side.
  • the end element can have a core, in particular made of metal or a cast thermoplastic plastic, which is completely or partially covered by a layer of rubber-elastic material.
  • the layer of rubber-elastic material can be firmly connected to the core, i.e. So be formed together with this as a composite body, resulting in a particularly good strength.
  • the layer of rubber-elastic material can also be formed by molded parts made of rubber-elastic material, which are placed on the surface of the core or inserted into recesses in the core.
  • Such formed as plates, rings, sleeves or the like molded parts made of rubber-elastic material can be prefabricated particularly cheaply, for example, by punching out rubber sheets and are only connected to the core and the hollow box profile when the closure element is assembled.
  • the fastening sections can simply be glued into the hollow box profile.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides, however, that the fastening section of the closure element is pressed with the hollow box pro by one or more pressed-in rivets running perpendicular to the plane of the scaffolding floor are connected, which are also surrounded by rubber-elastic material in the area of the fastening section, the clear width of the hollow box profile, the thickness of the fastening section and the length of the pressed-in rivets being matched to one another such that the rubber-elastic material of the fastening section in the vicinity of the rivets by a Deformation of the walls of the hollow box profile is kept under strong elastic compressive stress.
  • This type of attachment requires a single pressing process for the introduction of the rivets and the slight deformation of the walls of the hollow box profile and results in a particularly intimate and looseness-free bond between the closure element and the hollow box profile.
  • this type of attachment which is also extremely advantageous when the buffer zone between the end element and the box section is not present, the power transmission between the box section and the end element takes place in a particularly advantageous manner over a large area in the area surrounding the rivets and not only in the area of the perforation of the holes in the hollow box profile that receive the rivets
  • the receiving openings for receiving the retaining pins of the scaffold are expediently arranged in the fastening region of the closing element and penetrate both the fastening section of the closing element and the end section of the hollow box profile.
  • Another embodiment provides that the receiving openings for receiving the retaining pins of the scaffold are arranged in the transition area between the outer section and the fastening section of the closure element and penetrate the end edge areas of the hollow box profile.
  • the holding forces are introduced approximately in the middle of the closure element, so that there is a particularly uniform distribution of the holding forces over the cross section of the hollow box profile.
  • two of the rivets are expediently designed as hollow rivets open on both sides, the openings of which serve as receiving openings for the holding pins of the scaffold.
  • these hollow rivets have the advantage that they are additionally supported and held by the rubber mass of the buffer zone, which is under high compressive stress, so that those exerted on the perforation of the bore in the hollow box profile Forces are smaller and it is not so easy to permanently deform the walls of the hollow box profile. There is a risk of such deformations if the scaffold floor is accidentally attached to the scaffolding retaining pins on one side only and loaded at the other end.
  • Another embodiment finally provides that the receiving openings for the retaining pins of the Ge scaffold are arranged in the outer section of the end element projecting beyond the hollow box profile.
  • the receiving openings for the retaining pins of the Ge scaffold are arranged in the outer section of the end element projecting beyond the hollow box profile.
  • the holding forces are largely damped and evenly introduced into the hollow box profile.
  • the outer corners of the end elements are also expediently rounded. This makes it possible to insert the scaffold floors in scaffolds with different frame widths, if necessary. In addition, the rounding reduces the risk of injury when setting up, dismantling or transporting the scaffolding.
  • the fastening section consists of several protrusions protruding into the individual channels of the hollow box profile, which are penetrated by the rivets.
  • the webs located between the channels of the hollow box profile are received between the projections and accordingly do not need to be removed or only partially removed before the closure element is attached.
  • the requirements with regard to the buffer effect on the one hand and the special attachment to the hollow box profile on the other hand are best met if the rubber-elastic material of the buffer zone has a Shore A hardness of 80 to 85 °.
  • reinforcing inserts can optionally be embedded in the rubber-elastic material.
  • This can be, for example, glass fibers, wires or fabrics made of such materials.
  • FIGS. 1a to c the multi-part hollow box profile made of aluminum, which forms the surface area of the scaffolding floor, is designated by the reference number 1.
  • This box girder section 1 is connected at both ends (only one of the ends is shown in the drawing) to a closure element 2 made entirely of rubber-elastic material.
  • This closure element suitably consists of vulcanized natural or synthetic rubber a Shore A hardness of 80 to 85 °.
  • the closure element 2 has a fastening section 3 projecting into the interior of the hollow box section 1 and an outer section 4 projecting beyond the end section of the box section.
  • the outer section 4 is aligned with the outer surfaces of the hollow box section 1 and is rounded at the corners with a large radius, so that the scaffold floor can be inserted into vertical frames of different sizes of the scaffold.
  • the fastening section 3 has three projections 3a, 3b and 3c, one of which projects into a channel 1a, 1b and 1c of the hollow box section 1. This makes it possible to leave the webs between the channels 1a, 1b and 1c almost up to the front end of the hollow box profile (see FIG. 1b). Since in the embodiment of FIGS. 1a to c the hollow box section 1 extends into the area of the rounded corners of the end element 2, the corners of the box section 1 are correspondingly rounded here, so that the outer section 4 also has approximately the same width in the area of the corners as at the front of the scaffold floor.
  • the end section of the hollow box profile 1 is first rounded off and the webs between the channels 1a, 1b and 1c prepared as can be seen from Fig. 1. Then the closing element 2 with its fastening section 3 is inserted into the end of the hollow box section 1 such that the holes in the hollow box section 1 and fastening section 3 are aligned. Then the rivets 5a and 5b are inserted into these holes and pressed by means of a riveting press.
  • the lengths of the rivets 5a and 5b, the thickness of the fastening section 3 and the inside width of the hollow box profile 1 are coordinated so that when the rivets 5a and 5b are pressed in, the upper and lower walls of the hollow box profile 1 are deformed inwards in such a way that the rubber-elastic material of the fastening section 3 in the vicinity of the rivets 5a and 5b is placed over a large area under a strong elastic compressive stress. This results in a good hold and an intimate bond between the hollow box section 1 and the fastening section 3 of the end element 2.
  • the two outer rivets 5a are designed as hollow rivets which are open on both sides.
  • the openings of these hollow rivets 5a also serve as receiving openings 6 for receiving the holding pins of the frame, which are not shown in the drawing.
  • FIGS. 1a to c The embodiment of Figures 2a to c largely corresponds to the embodiment of Figures 1a to c, so that the same reference numerals can be used for the corresponding parts.
  • the outer portion 4 of the end element 2 is wider, so that rounding of the corners of the hollow box section 1 can be omitted.
  • the leads also start here 3a, 3b and 3c of the fastening section 3 in the area of the interface between the fastening section 3 and the outer section 4. For this reason, the webs between the channels 1a, 1b and 1c of the hollow box section 1 can remain until the end of the hollow box section 1.
  • the hollow box profile requires less processing than in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1a to c.
  • the hollow rivets 5a forming the receiving openings 6 for the fastening pins of the frame are arranged in the transition region between the outer section 4 and the fastening section 3 of the closure element 2. Accordingly, the end section of the hollow box section 1 to this exemplary embodiment is not only provided with holes for receiving the rivets 5b, but also with semicircular recesses on the end face for receiving the hollow rivets 5a.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c largely corresponds to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 2a to c.
  • metallic linings 7 are also provided in the receiving openings for the holding pins of the framework, which prevent the rubber-elastic material from tearing.
  • the processing effort at the end section of the hollow box section 1 is the least.
  • the end elements 2 in the previously described exemplary embodiments each consist overall of a rubber-elastic material. Deviating from this, however, they can optionally also be designed as a composite body made of rubber-elastic material and a cheaper material.
  • they can have a core consisting of metal or a cheap, pourable, thermoplastic, for example polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, which is covered as a whole or at least in the area of the fastening sections 3 by a layer of rubber-elastic material serving as a buffer zone.
  • This layer can be firmly connected to the core, for example vulcanized onto the core consisting of metal, or also placed on the surface of the core or inserted into recesses in the core.
  • a suitable design of the core and the layer of rubber-elastic material serving as a buffer zone ensures that the core nowhere comes into contact with the hollow box profile or the rivets penetrating the hollow box profile, which prevents the buffer effect. Accordingly, the passage openings in the core for the rivets have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the rivets, so that the annular space remaining between the rivet and the core either remains free or can be filled with rubber-elastic material, for example in the form of appropriately designed spacer sleeves.
  • FIGS 4a and 4b show an embodiment of a closure element of the last-mentioned type.
  • This closure element has a core 10, which in this embodiment consists of metal, but can also consist of a suitable thermoplastic.
  • This core 10 has a central part 11 which is arranged in the region of the fastening section and is designed as a simple sheet metal in which there are through openings 12 and 13 for the passage of the rivets (not shown). These passage openings 12 and 13 have a diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the associated rivets.
  • the plate 11 is connected to a flange 14 which forms the outer section of the end element and is rounded at the corners.
  • plate-shaped fittings 15 and 16 made of rubber-elastic material are placed on the middle part 11, which form the buffer zone between the core 10 and the hollow box profile, not shown here.
  • the edges of the passage openings 12 and 13 in the middle part 11 are crimped up and down.
  • the collars formed by the flanges fix the shaped pieces 15 and 16 against displacements on the central part 11.
  • the annular space between the passage openings 12 and 13 and the rivets, not shown, can optionally be filled by sleeve-shaped shaped pieces made of rubber-elastic material, as are shown, for example, in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b The end element shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b is also installed, as explained above with reference to the first three exemplary embodiments.
  • the bond between the core 10, the fittings 15 and 16 and the box girder profile (see FIG. 1b) also takes place here by pressing in rivets which connect all these parts to one another.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5a and 5b largely corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, so that the same reference numerals could be used for the corresponding parts.
  • the middle part 11 is designed as a hollow box. This results in a weight saving on the one hand and a saving in rubber-elastic material on the other hand, because the molded pieces 15 and 16 made of rubber-elastic material can be made correspondingly thin.
  • FIG. 6 shows exemplary embodiments of molded parts made of rubber-elastic material which can be used as spacer elements in the vicinity of the rivets and can be inserted into correspondingly shaped recesses in the end element in order to act as a buffer zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP86108522A 1986-06-23 1986-06-23 Planche pour un échafaudage à érection rapide Expired - Lifetime EP0250612B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8686108522T DE3675019D1 (de) 1986-06-23 1986-06-23 Geruestboden fuer ein schnellbaugeruest.
EP86108522A EP0250612B1 (fr) 1986-06-23 1986-06-23 Planche pour un échafaudage à érection rapide
AT86108522T ATE57562T1 (de) 1986-06-23 1986-06-23 Geruestboden fuer ein schnellbaugeruest.
DE8708667U DE8708667U1 (de) 1986-06-23 1987-06-23 Gerüstboden für ein Schnellbaugerüst

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86108522A EP0250612B1 (fr) 1986-06-23 1986-06-23 Planche pour un échafaudage à érection rapide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0250612A1 true EP0250612A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0250612B1 EP0250612B1 (fr) 1990-10-17

Family

ID=8195212

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86108522A Expired - Lifetime EP0250612B1 (fr) 1986-06-23 1986-06-23 Planche pour un échafaudage à érection rapide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0250612B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE57562T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3675019D1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5882136A (en) * 1997-07-18 1999-03-16 Safway Steel Products, Inc. End cap system for scaffolding planks
US6000495A (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-12-14 Bil-Jax, Inc. Scaffolding system
US6045287A (en) * 1996-06-26 2000-04-04 Plettac Ag Connecting device of a bearing bar
US6076991A (en) * 1996-05-17 2000-06-20 Safway Steel Products, Inc. End cap system for scaffolding planks
GB2370752A (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-07-10 Lb Plastics Ltd Plank-like member for shelving
US7090053B2 (en) * 1999-07-13 2006-08-15 Bothwell Enterprises, Inc. Scaffold plank with end connector and method of making the same
EP1857610A1 (fr) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-21 SAFE b.v. Connexion traverse/plancher pour systèmes d'echafaudage
US7401556B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2008-07-22 3 Day Blinds, Inc. Fixture for printing blinds
AU2010241343B1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2011-07-14 Ullrich Aluminium Pty Ltd Improved plank
CN105604318A (zh) * 2016-02-15 2016-05-25 成都格瑞思文化传播有限公司 建筑转角支撑结构

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU503902B2 (en) * 1975-03-14 1979-09-27 Comalco Prod Scaffold plank
DE2916826A1 (de) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-06 Eberhard Layher Laufplanke aus metall
DE3011528A1 (de) * 1980-03-21 1981-10-01 Gesta Gesellschaft für Stahlrohrgerüste mbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Geruesttafel aus mehreren werkstofflagen
DE8423926U1 (de) * 1984-08-11 1985-01-03 Grund, Gerhard, 4132 Kamp-Lintfort Bohle fuer baugerueste
US4496029A (en) * 1983-03-30 1985-01-29 Shigeharu Kuroda Scaffold plank

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU503902B2 (en) * 1975-03-14 1979-09-27 Comalco Prod Scaffold plank
DE2916826A1 (de) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-06 Eberhard Layher Laufplanke aus metall
DE3011528A1 (de) * 1980-03-21 1981-10-01 Gesta Gesellschaft für Stahlrohrgerüste mbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Geruesttafel aus mehreren werkstofflagen
US4496029A (en) * 1983-03-30 1985-01-29 Shigeharu Kuroda Scaffold plank
DE8423926U1 (de) * 1984-08-11 1985-01-03 Grund, Gerhard, 4132 Kamp-Lintfort Bohle fuer baugerueste

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6076991A (en) * 1996-05-17 2000-06-20 Safway Steel Products, Inc. End cap system for scaffolding planks
US6045287A (en) * 1996-06-26 2000-04-04 Plettac Ag Connecting device of a bearing bar
US5882136A (en) * 1997-07-18 1999-03-16 Safway Steel Products, Inc. End cap system for scaffolding planks
US6000495A (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-12-14 Bil-Jax, Inc. Scaffolding system
US7090053B2 (en) * 1999-07-13 2006-08-15 Bothwell Enterprises, Inc. Scaffold plank with end connector and method of making the same
US7584824B2 (en) 1999-07-13 2009-09-08 Bothwell Enterprises, Inc. Scaffold plank with end connector and method of making same
US7188707B2 (en) 1999-07-13 2007-03-13 Bothwell Enterprises, Inc. Scaffold plank with end connector and method of making the same
GB2370752A (en) * 2000-12-15 2002-07-10 Lb Plastics Ltd Plank-like member for shelving
GB2370752B (en) * 2000-12-15 2004-02-25 Lb Plastics Ltd Plank like member for shelving
US6601715B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2003-08-05 L. B. Plastics Limited Storage units and components for use in their construction
US7401556B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2008-07-22 3 Day Blinds, Inc. Fixture for printing blinds
EP1857610A1 (fr) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-21 SAFE b.v. Connexion traverse/plancher pour systèmes d'echafaudage
AU2010241343B1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2011-07-14 Ullrich Aluminium Pty Ltd Improved plank
AU2010241343C1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2011-12-01 Ullrich Aluminium Pty Ltd Improved plank
WO2012061889A1 (fr) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-18 Nathan Fung Planche améliorée
CN105604318A (zh) * 2016-02-15 2016-05-25 成都格瑞思文化传播有限公司 建筑转角支撑结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0250612B1 (fr) 1990-10-17
DE8708667U1 (de) 1987-10-15
ATE57562T1 (de) 1990-11-15
DE3675019D1 (de) 1990-11-22

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