EP0245313B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von eine glatte oberfläche aufweisenden teilen aus schmucksteinähnlicher hartmasse - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von eine glatte oberfläche aufweisenden teilen aus schmucksteinähnlicher hartmasse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0245313B1
EP0245313B1 EP86906255A EP86906255A EP0245313B1 EP 0245313 B1 EP0245313 B1 EP 0245313B1 EP 86906255 A EP86906255 A EP 86906255A EP 86906255 A EP86906255 A EP 86906255A EP 0245313 B1 EP0245313 B1 EP 0245313B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
coating
pieces
rod
additional pigment
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86906255A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0245313A1 (de
Inventor
Victor Alexander Milles
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86906255T priority Critical patent/ATE55191T1/de
Publication of EP0245313A1 publication Critical patent/EP0245313A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/005—Removing selectively parts of at least the upper layer of a multi-layer article
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
    • G04B37/225—Non-metallic cases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/59—Processes in which a partial cure is involved

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing parts having a smooth surface from gemstone-like hard material according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Semi-precious stone-like hard materials for use as a substitute for semi-precious stones and for the production of gem-like products are known, for example, from patent application DE-C-3445189.
  • a binder is mixed with a filler and a basic pigment to give a pasty consistency.
  • the dough is cut into pieces at least once, coated with an additional pigment and then pressed together.
  • this doughy mass is hardened, either as such or after a further processing step such as calendering or other shaping.
  • the surface of the dough is completely covered by the additional pigment because the pieces in which the dough is divided are always coated with the additional pigment.
  • a decorative structure of the finished product is therefore only perceptible after the surface has been removed.
  • a further step is necessary after shaping, e.g. abrasive polishing in order to remove the additional pigment coating from the perceptible surface of the blank and to give this surface the desired texture (e.g. the gloss).
  • Such abrasive polishing is disadvantageous: on the one hand, such a step increases the cost of production, on the other hand, certain shapes, e.g. such shapes, which have recesses and depressions with inner edges, are not polished at all or only with great effort.
  • the polishing accompanied by the removal has a particularly disadvantageous effect on small precision parts such as watch shells: the optimal material density is located near the surface of the blanks on the so-called press skin, and the deeper the surface layer of a blank is removed, the more porous the finished part appears. For such a result, it is often necessary to compact the surface machined by abrasive polishing again by pressing again.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the removal of the surface layer to expose the decorative structure of a blank and the creation of a smooth surface of the corresponding finished part can be carried out in two separate steps.
  • One consequence of this finding is that it can be accepted that the removal of the surface layer does not leave a smooth, but rather a matt or even rough surface of the part: in the subsequent step, this matt or rough surface can also be smoothed using methods that: generate no removal.
  • This invention therefore creates a method with which parts made of hard stone-like hard mass, which have a smooth surface, can be economically and continuously manufactured on the assembly line.
  • Fig. 1 it is schematically illustrated how, in a manner known per se (cf. DE-C-3445189), a dough mass 1 in a kneader 2 is divided into pieces several times and kneaded together again, for example with the help of planing and pressing rollers 3.
  • This dough, divided into pieces 4 then emerges from the kneader 2 and enters a coating device 5.
  • the pieces 4 are swirled and coated with an additional pigment 6, which is symbolized by the spiral indication of the additional pigment 6.
  • pieces 7 are obtained which are coated with additional pigment and serve as raw material for the next process step, which is described below.
  • This process can also be applied to granules, whereby a further division of the pieces is of course not necessary.
  • a dough composition of the type described in DE-3445189 which consists of a binder, a filler and a base pigment, can be used as the dough mass 1. It is about play for one of the indicated different dough masses 1a to 1e.
  • the binder is a curable synthetic resin with an inherent color of low color density, which is also tough and has a low tendency to become brittle.
  • the binder is an epoxy two-component resin.
  • This synthetic resin is also selected so that it cures either gradually or slowly enough so that the mass is able to remain in an incompletely cured intermediate state for some time between its doughy consistency at the beginning of the process and its hard nature at the end of the process. In this intermediate state the incomplete. When hardened, the dough is no longer flowable under its own weight, but it is still soft enough for shaping by pressing, embossing, cutting and the like.
  • the filler is, for example, a mineral filler that gives the fully hardened finished part its actual hardness and that can contribute to the base color.
  • a mineral filler that gives the fully hardened finished part its actual hardness and that can contribute to the base color.
  • quartz powder, marble powder, ground silica gel, aluminum oxide etc. can be used, i.e. usually substances with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 8, which corresponds to the hardness of semi-precious stones such as turquoise, agate, onyx, carnelian, etc.
  • the basic pigment serves to achieve the basic color or, if the filler also contributes to the color, to achieve the predominant color.
  • the different dough masses 1a to 1e illustrated in FIG. 1 differ, for example, in color from one another, for example one is black, another is white, and still others simulate the basic colors of lapis, turquoise or rhodonite gemstones and the like.
  • the additional pigment is also selected, which is used to achieve the desired decorative structure or pattern of the finished part to be produced using the method described.
  • the additional pigment can, for example, be white, black or metal-colored and accordingly can consist, for example, of titanium dioxide, graphite, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze and the like in the form of dust, powder, spangles or granules. If necessary, a mixture of pigments can also be used, either a homogeneous mixture of pigments or, to achieve special effects, a non-homogeneous mixture of pigments.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates how pieces 7 of different dough masses or granules coated with additional pigment are introduced into a funnel 8 in each case, in order to get to a metering device 9 from there.
  • Fig. 2 four funnels 8 and four corresponding dosing devices 9 were shown as an example, in which, for example, three different dough masses 1a, 1b and 1c and a granulate Ig are processed.
  • the pieces 10 dispensed by the metering devices 9 and coated with additional pigment are combined again at the outlet of the metering devices 9 in a manner known per se (cf. DE-3445189) by being pressed together and pressed, but not mixed.
  • the pad 13 consists, for example, of a foil made of a plastic such as polvamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide and the like.
  • the composite 19 consisting of the covering 17 and its base 13 is thus produced continuously.
  • the additional pigment previously lying on the surface of the pieces 10 now being located in the topping 17 at the grain boundaries 18 resulting from these surfaces there are many possible variations for the decorative structure of the topping 17, the additional pigment previously lying on the surface of the pieces 10 now being located in the topping 17 at the grain boundaries 18 resulting from these surfaces .
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the covering 17 each also form a plane composed of grain boundaries, and in fact the upper and lower surfaces of the covering 17 are also coated with the additional pigment, which of course has the desired decorative structure, i.e. the structural veins and generally the pattern of the finished part to be manufactured are covered.
  • the desired decorative structure i.e. the structural veins and generally the pattern of the finished part to be manufactured are covered.
  • the composite 19 consisting of the covering 17 and its base 13 is continuously fed to a processing station 20 in a next process step, which is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the topping 17 is continuously subjected to a first, incomplete curing, in such a way that the incompletely hardened dough mass of the topping 17 is no longer flowable under its own weight if it was described below as it continued to advance bene second processing station 23 reached. If the incompletely hardened dough mass corresponds to the previous definition, it shows approximately that. correct consistency to be subjected to the process steps described below.
  • the desired incomplete curing can take place, for example, by thermal treatment of the composite 19 in the processing station 20.
  • an infrared radiator 22 can heat up the upper and lower surfaces of the composite 19 in the processing station 20.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the composite 19 can also be blown with warm air or sprayed with hot water.
  • the second processing station 23 is arranged at such a distance from the first processing station 20 that, depending on the kinetics of the curing process and the advancing speed of the composite 19, approximately that degree of curing is achieved at which the incompletely cured dough mass of the topping 17 is barely below its own Weight flow is when the composite 19 reaches the second processing station 23 with its continuous advancement.
  • the top 24 of the composite 19 is processed in such a way that the surface layer of the covering 17 containing the additional pigment is removed.
  • the surface layer of the covering 17 containing the additional pigment can be removed by successive process steps of loosening, washing and drying the upper side 24 of the composite 19.
  • the composite 19 in its continuous passage through the processing station 23, first passes through a solution point 26 where the upper side 24 of the composite 19 is sprayed with a solvent, then a washing point 27 where the solvent is sprayed from the upper side 24 of the composite 19 is washed away with a detergent and thereby the action of the solvent is ended, and finally a drying point 28 where the top 24 of the composite 19 is blown free of the detergent by a gas stream.
  • the action of the solvent is dimensioned such that the top 25 of the composite 19 at the exit of the second processing station 23 from the surface layer containing the additional pigment of the covering 17 is exempt, so that the desired decorative structure, ie the structural veins and generally the pattern of the finished part to be produced has become visible on the top 24 of the covering 17.
  • the solvent is therefore chosen so that it is able to dissolve the incompletely hardened synthetic resin in the covering 17.
  • acetone, trichlorethylene and the like can be used as the solvent.
  • a liquid that is not a (or at least not a good) solvent for the incompletely hardened synthetic resin can be used as the detergent, but is miscible with the solvent.
  • the dilution and washing away of the solvent by the detergent thus ends the dissolution of the surface layer of the covering 17.
  • it is advisable to use a cold detergent If acetone is used as the solvent, water and especially cold water can be used as the detergent. If trichlorethylene is used as the solvent, alcohol, petrol or benzene can be used as the detergent and in particular as the cold detergent.
  • Air in particular dry air and, if necessary, cold air can be used as the drying gas for blowing away the detergent.
  • the upper side 24 of the composite 19 can be machined by mechanical removal in order to remove the surface layer of the covering 17 containing additional pigment.
  • the top 24 of the covering 17 can be sprayed with a dispersed abrasive.
  • This abrasive agent can be a powder suspended in a liquid, for example a suspension of emery in water, or also a powder atomized in a gas, for example a suspension of emery in an air stream.
  • the mechanical Removing the additional pigment-containing surface layer of the covering 17 with an adhesive tape or by planing, grinding or such machining.
  • the desired decorative structure i.e. the structural veins and generally the pattern of the prefabricated part to be made visible on the upper side 24, however, this upper side 24 has not yet been given a decorative mirror finish, but has become matt or even rough due to the removal of the surface layer. Therefore, the composite 19 exiting the second processing station 23 is continuously fed to a third processing station 29, where the top 24 of the composite 19 is smoothed as described below to give it the final desired decorative appearance.
  • this process step of smoothing the top 24 of the composite 19 is independent of both the process step of shaping required to form the desired molded parts from the dough mass of the topping 17 and the process step of curing the dough mass of the topping 17 or the molded parts formed therefrom to a hard mass.
  • the third processing station 29 is therefore designed as a hot and molding press, for example as a corresponding stamp press.
  • the continuously supplied composite 19 is pressed therein between a heated die 30 and a heated punch 31, the punch 31 having mirror-smooth surfaces 32 which give the top 33 of the molded part 34 which has now been created from the composite 19 the desired smooth appearance.
  • the dough is heated, which starts the hardening of the binder again until the dough is converted into a hard mass.
  • the temperature of the die and the punch is selected depending on the temperature and the degree of hardening of the supplied material, the residence time of the molded part in the press and other parameters known per se, such that the finished parts may have a suitable waiting or storage time achieve the desired degree of hardness.
  • this hot and compression molding does not require a particularly high pressing pressure, because the press processes a material that has not yet been fully hardened, which is therefore still quite soft and offers little resistance to the press. It is also advantageous that there is no significant amount of pressed or stamping waste, which helps to keep the production costs low.
  • the molded parts can be given such a shape that they can be easily separated from one another. For example, they can have weak points 35 along which they can be cut, punched or broken off from the hardened composite 19, which is indicated schematically in FIG. 3 by the punching device 36. If deburring is necessary, it can be carried out in the same step.
  • the base 13 will adhere to it inseparably after the first, incomplete curing of the dough mass of the topping 17. This is even an advantage if the underside of the composite 19 or the molded part 34 is used, for example, as an adhesive surface when the finished part is used or is processed in some other way, since this further processing can be facilitated by a suitable choice of the material of the base 13.
  • the base After being shaped by the die 30 of the press, the base forms a generally acceptable underside of the finished part, for example a smooth plastic layer on the underside of a finished part, such as a shell or a dial for a watch. Since the base 13 is generally softer than the hardened covering 17 or as the molding material [34], it is easily cut up when the molded parts are separated from one another and also separated with the molded parts.
  • the prefabricated parts produced in this way have a gem-like structure, which enables a wide range of uses for decorative purposes, both as small parts, for example shells and dials of watches, and as flat parts, for example tiles, tiles, etc.
  • FIG. 4 A variant of the described method is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the essence of this variant is that the surface layer of the covering 17 containing additional pigment is removed in the presence of ultrasound.
  • the device shown schematically in FIG. 4 has the device already described in connection with FIG. 2, the same reference numerals being used for equivalent parts.
  • the molded parts 37 are formed between the pair of rollers 38, 39 even before the surface layer of the covering 17 containing the additional pigment is removed.
  • the heating for incomplete curing of the dough mass of the topping 17 fails to the extent that in this example it is assumed that the curing already starts in the metering device 9 and that the suitable degree of curing is achieved at room temperature or at the operating temperature of the metering device 9 when the molded parts 37 reach the roller pair 38, 39.
  • the molded parts 37 are still held together by the not yet separated base 13 and immersed in a bath 40 and carried out.
  • This bath 40 contains a suspension of an abrasive in a liquid, for example a suspension of emery in water.
  • An ultrasound generator 41 is immersed in this bath 40 and in this liquid, which whirls up the suspended particles and thus causes abrasion of the surface pigment-containing surface layer of the individual molded parts 37.
  • This is followed, as in FIG. 3, by the smoothing and hardening of the surface of the molded parts 37, here with the aid of a hot press with a pair of rollers 42, 43, and finally in the device 44, the punching out and, if necessary, the deburring and the cutting of the base 13.
  • the device shown schematically in FIG. 5 is used to carry out a variant of the method.
  • this device according to FIG. 5 which are equivalent to certain parts of the devices already described, the same reference numerals are used as in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • a profiled press strand 17 is formed. 5 this is done with the aid of rollers such as 11 and 12, but other devices known per se can also be used for pressing out the strand 17, for example a piston press and the like.
  • the surface to be used, which has no coating with additional pigment, is formed by cutting the profiled extrusion 17.
  • the smoothing of the surface 46a, 46b to be used of the partial profiles 24a, 24b can be carried out according to the same principle as described in connection with FIG. 4 in the same processing step as the shaping for the formation of separable molded parts from at least one of the partial profiles 24a , 24b.
  • the hardening of the molded parts can also be completed in the same processing step as the shaping.
  • the profiled press strand can be cut normally to its direction of advance, so that the press strand is divided into successive pieces.
  • the surface to be used can be smoothed as in the previous processing step in the same way as shaping to form molded parts from the pieces of the press strand.
  • the hardening of the molded parts can also be completed in the same processing step as the shaping.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP86906255A 1985-11-18 1986-11-04 Verfahren zur herstellung von eine glatte oberfläche aufweisenden teilen aus schmucksteinähnlicher hartmasse Expired - Lifetime EP0245313B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86906255T ATE55191T1 (de) 1985-11-18 1986-11-04 Verfahren zur herstellung von eine glatte oberflaeche aufweisenden teilen aus schmucksteinaehnlicher hartmasse.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4910/85 1985-11-18
CH491085A CH663309GA3 (ja) 1985-11-18 1985-11-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0245313A1 EP0245313A1 (de) 1987-11-19
EP0245313B1 true EP0245313B1 (de) 1990-08-01

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EP86906255A Expired - Lifetime EP0245313B1 (de) 1985-11-18 1986-11-04 Verfahren zur herstellung von eine glatte oberfläche aufweisenden teilen aus schmucksteinähnlicher hartmasse

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4818570A (ja)
EP (1) EP0245313B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS63501353A (ja)
BR (1) BR8606986A (ja)
CH (1) CH663309GA3 (ja)
DE (1) DE3673160D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1987003109A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5166230A (en) * 1991-09-16 1992-11-24 Stecker William M Method for producing a synthetic shaped article simulating marble, granite or the like
US7959991B1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2011-06-14 Albert C West Method of manufacturing an artificial stone material
ITUD20040101A1 (it) * 2004-05-17 2004-08-17 Delle Vedove Levigatrici Spa Macchina per rifinire un oggetto quale un profilato, un pannello, o simile
DE102015013167B4 (de) * 2015-10-09 2018-05-03 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von glänzenden Lackoberflächen

Family Cites Families (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1935985A (en) * 1931-05-02 1933-11-21 American Artificial Marble Com Artificial stone product and method of making same
US3012901A (en) * 1956-02-07 1961-12-12 Armstrong Cork Co Method and apparatus for orienting particles
US2835996A (en) * 1956-08-24 1958-05-27 Sr Romano De Paoli Ornamental terrazzo
NL263572A (ja) * 1960-05-02
CH394956A (fr) * 1960-05-02 1965-03-15 Metalem Sa Procédé pour travailler la surface d'un cadran d'horlogerie
CH364428A (fr) * 1960-06-28 1962-09-15 Humbert Prince Andre Machine à traiter la surface d'objets métalliques
US3381067A (en) * 1961-03-09 1968-04-30 Congoleum Nairn Inc Method of making a terrazzo plastic composition product
US3194856A (en) * 1961-04-17 1965-07-13 Congoleum Nairn Inc Method of producing decorative surface covering
US3378617A (en) * 1965-02-24 1968-04-16 Elmendorf Armin Method of facing building products with exposed mineral granules
US3359352A (en) * 1965-06-18 1967-12-19 Congoleum Nairn Inc Process for producing decorative surface covering
US3549398A (en) * 1967-04-03 1970-12-22 Fiber Industries Inc Method for manufacturing water-vapor permeable,synthetic,suede-like,material
GB1186545A (en) * 1967-04-21 1970-04-02 Ici Ltd Decorative Sheets or Other Articles of Plastics Materials
NL6904300A (ja) * 1968-03-28 1969-09-30
US3589071A (en) * 1969-05-21 1971-06-29 Hans S Hirschhorn Surface polishing apparatus and method therefor
US3969454A (en) * 1971-12-10 1976-07-13 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Method of making colored particleboard
SU417190A1 (ru) * 1972-05-11 1974-02-28 В. П. Автайкин, Т. В. Дмитриева , Г. А. Гороховский Рабочая среда для ультразвуковой обработки
US3882641A (en) * 1973-12-28 1975-05-13 American Standard Inc Cabochon gem grinder
FR2370708A1 (fr) * 1976-11-16 1978-06-09 Ugine Kuhlmann Procede de fabrication de carreaux et autres produits a aspect de marbre
JPS5411963A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-01-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Production of resin molded product
JPS56136351A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-10-24 Eidai Co Ltd Manufacture of particle board with colored grooves
CH656117A5 (de) * 1983-12-28 1986-06-13 Victor Alexander Milles Verfahren zur herstellung einer halbedelsteinaehnlichen hartmasse und deren verwendung als halbfabrikat zur herstellung von halbedelstein-ersatz und schmucksteinen.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8606986A (pt) 1987-12-22
EP0245313A1 (de) 1987-11-19
JPS63501353A (ja) 1988-05-26
CH663309GA3 (ja) 1987-12-15
WO1987003109A1 (en) 1987-05-21
US4818570A (en) 1989-04-04
DE3673160D1 (de) 1990-09-06

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