EP0236701B1 - Verbessertes Verfahren zur Wiederaufarbeitung Kohlennstoff enthaltender Abfälle - Google Patents
Verbessertes Verfahren zur Wiederaufarbeitung Kohlennstoff enthaltender Abfälle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0236701B1 EP0236701B1 EP87100875A EP87100875A EP0236701B1 EP 0236701 B1 EP0236701 B1 EP 0236701B1 EP 87100875 A EP87100875 A EP 87100875A EP 87100875 A EP87100875 A EP 87100875A EP 0236701 B1 EP0236701 B1 EP 0236701B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- bars
- hours
- waste
- minute
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 aluminum silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002864 coal component Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009997 thermal pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010784 textile waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017840 NH 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
- C10G1/065—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of a solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
- C10G1/086—Characterised by the catalyst used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/18—Treating trash or garbage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the reprocessing of carbon-containing waste by thermal pretreatment of the same in the presence or absence of hydrogen and subsequent hydrogenation of the pretreated material at elevated temperature and at least 200 bar hydrogen pressure.
- Waste has been used in landfills for decades, e.g. stored in abandoned gravel pits, mine pits and elsewhere. For a long time, the chemical structure of the waste and its long-term effects on soil and groundwater have not been taken into account. More recently, certain types of waste have been dumped in so-called special landfills. Here, efforts are made to seal the landfill from groundwater and soil.
- This invention relates to hydrogenation treatment with or without catalyst, synthetic waste materials such as e.g. Plastics or Kungstoffgemischen, rubber, waste tires, textile waste, chemical industrial waste, waste oils, waste oils and other or mixtures of these materials, the hydrogenating treatment at pressures from 30 to 500 bar, preferably from 50 to 450 bar and particularly preferably from 50 to 350 bar is carried out and at temperatures from 200 to 600 ° C, preferably from 200 to 540 ° C and particularly preferably from 300 to 540 ° C and residence times from 1 minute to 8 hours, preferably from 10 minutes to 6 hours and particularly preferably from 15 Minutes to 4 hours.
- synthetic waste materials such as e.g. Plastics or Kungstoffgemischen, rubber, waste tires, textile waste, chemical industrial waste, waste oils, waste oils and other or mixtures of these materials
- Rubbing oils can be added to the waste feed products as well as coal, coal components, crude oil, crude oil components and crude oil residues, shale oils and shale oil components, oil sand extracts and their components, bitumen, asphalt, asphaltenes and similar materials.
- the feed product or the feed mixture can also be treated with solvents and the extract can then be used in the hydrogenating treatment.
- the process allows the synthetic waste materials to be converted into valuable hydrocarbons without further separation.
- gases gaseous C, -C 4 hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons in the naphtha boiling range as well as middle distillates and heavy oils, which are used as heating oils or diesel power fabric can be used.
- the pre-sorting of waste materials is preferably carried out in such a way that carbon-containing organic waste of synthetic origin such as plastics and mixtures of plastics, rubber, waste tires, textile waste or mixtures of these materials and further organic synthetic waste are at least roughly separated from vegetable waste and / or biomass are then subjected to a hydrogenating treatment or the same in a mixture with organic industrial waste of synthetic origin such as paint and paint residues, organic chemicals, waste from industrial plants, organic synthetic shredder waste from the automotive industry, sewage sludge, waste oils or other industrial organic waste of synthetic origin from the hydrogenation be subjected.
- organic industrial waste of synthetic origin such as paint and paint residues, organic chemicals, waste from industrial plants, organic synthetic shredder waste from the automotive industry, sewage sludge, waste oils or other industrial organic waste of synthetic origin from the hydrogenation be subjected.
- waste materials such as paper, food scraps, agricultural and forestry waste, plant residues and others can be roughly separated or remain to some extent in the synthetic portion.
- Household waste can be processed, for example, by roughly separating plastics, rubber, textiles and other synthetic materials and separately subjecting them to a hydrogenation treatment, or mixed with waste tires and / or industrial chemicals and / or plastic waste and / or waste oils and others be subjected to this hydrating treatment.
- Werwer is also very well suited for the hydrating treatment of the waste or waste mixtures mentioned in combination with coal, coal components such as residual oils from coal, coal oils, pyrolysis oils, crude oil, residual oils from crude oil, other crude oil components, oil shale and oil shale components, oil sand extracts, asphalt and Bitumen and similar materials as well as with mixtures of the materials mentioned.
- coal components such as residual oils from coal, coal oils, pyrolysis oils, crude oil, residual oils from crude oil, other crude oil components, oil shale and oil shale components, oil sand extracts, asphalt and Bitumen and similar materials as well as with mixtures of the materials mentioned.
- the separation of the above-mentioned inorganic materials from the carbon-containing waste can be carried out according to the prior art. These inorganic materials can be stored in landfills provided they are not recycled and reprocessed. The crushing and shredding and separation of waste materials can also be carried out according to the prior art. If this is not contradicted by equipment, the process can also be carried out in the presence of inorganic materials.
- Waste components that cannot be converted to hydrocarbons such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and halogens in the form of their compounds, are converted into their gaseous hydrogen compounds, namely H 2 S, NH 3 , HCl, H 2 0 and others. These compounds can be separated by gas washing and further work-up according to the prior art.
- Another advantage of the process is that the formation of hazardous compounds that occur during waste incineration, namely NO X , SO. or dioxins is avoided. Furthermore, plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, which are problematic in combustion, can be processed without risk to the environment.
- the hydrogenation of carbon-containing waste materials can, according to this disclosure, be carried out with very good results in the absence of catalysts. However, improved results, particularly with regard to the selective formation of certain hydrocarbon fractions, can be obtained in the presence of catalysts, e.g. in the presence of metals and their compounds which are catalytically active in hydrogenation reactions, e.g.
- catalysts can consist of a single active component or a mixture of at least 2 of the components mentioned, and wherein these metals or their compounds can be applied to catalyst supports, such as on aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum silicate, zeolites and other supports which are known from the prior art, as well as on mixtures of these supports or also without a support. Certain zeolites and other carriers are also active as catalysts in the disclosed process without doping.
- Suitable catalysts are so-called disposable catalysts such as hearth furnace coke, gasification dusts and ashes such as, for example, high-temperature Winkler dust and ashes, dusts and ashes which are obtained in the hydrogenating gasification of coal, in which methane is formed (HKV dust), and materials that contain iron oxides such as red mud, Bayer mass, Lux mass, dusts from the steel industry and others.
- gasification dusts and ashes such as, for example, high-temperature Winkler dust and ashes, dusts and ashes which are obtained in the hydrogenating gasification of coal, in which methane is formed (HKV dust)
- materials that contain iron oxides such as red mud, Bayer mass, Lux mass, dusts from the steel industry and others.
- These materials can be used as such as catalysts or doped with metals and / or metal compounds which are active in hydrogenations, in particular with heavy metals and / or their compounds such as Fe, Cr, Zn, Mo, W, Mn, Ni, Co, Pt , Pd, also alkali and alkaline earth metals or their compounds such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and mixtures of these metals and / or their compounds.
- heavy metals and / or their compounds such as Fe, Cr, Zn, Mo, W, Mn, Ni, Co, Pt , Pd
- alkali and alkaline earth metals or their compounds such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba and mixtures of these metals and / or their compounds.
- the catalysts can optionally be sulfided before or during the process.
- All catalysts can be used as individual components or in a mixture of at least two of the components.
- the hydrating treatment can be carried out within wide limits of temperature and pressure, depending on the waste material used, namely from 200-600 ° C. and 30-500 bar, with residence times of 1 minute to 8 hours.
- the hydrogenation gas can be of different quality, for example it can contain certain amounts of CO, CO 2 , H 2 S, methane, ethane, steam and others in addition to hydrogen.
- Suitable hydrogen qualities are, for example, those obtained when gasifying carbon-containing materials.
- Such materials can be residues from mineral oil processing or other oils or hydrocarbons from mineral oil origin, or coal such as lignite, but also hard coal, wood, peat or residues from coal processing such as coal hydrogenation.
- Suitable gasification materials are also biomass and the vegetable portion of household waste.
- pure hydrogen qualities such as those obtained electrolytically: are also very suitable.
- Household waste can accordingly be processed in such a way that a separation into a vegetal and a synthetic part takes place and then the vegetable part is gasified to provide hydrogen in the hydrogenation process, while the synthetic part is treated with hydrogen.
- treatment with suitable solvents is also possible, in particular with hydrogen-transferring solvents, this treatment being carried out before the actual hydrogenation.
- dissolved and undissolved material can be separated from one another and subjected separately to a hydrogenation, or dissolved and undissolved material can be reacted together in a reactor in a hydrogenating manner.
- the solvent can be separated off and recycled by subsequent distillation.
- the undissolved material can be subjected to gasification or coking.
- the waste material used can be mixed with coal and coal components, crude oil and crude oil components and other similar materials, as already explained above.
- Suitable hydrogen-transferring solvents are, for example, tetralin, anthracene oil, isopropanol, oils containing cresols, decalin, naphthalene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and other hydrocarbons from crude oil and coal or hydrocarbons which originate from the process itself, and also oxygen-containing hydrocarbons and oils.
- water and steam can also be added, the latter also being able to be added to the alternative hydrogenating treatments already explained above.
- the waste material can first be separated into a vegetable, biomass or cellulose portion and a synthetic portion, both portions being further processed separately, and the vegetable, biomass or cellulose portion being essentially hydrolytically split, for example in the presence of bases or acids, this conversion preferably being carried out in the presence of protic solvents, in particular water and alcohols, and / or in the presence of carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen and, on the other hand, the essentially proportion of the hydrogenating treatment described above.
- the pretreatment according to the invention can be carried out in the presence of hydrogen and / or hydrogen-containing gases and / or hydrogen-transferring solvents, and also in Inert atmosphere or in solvents which are not considered. Hydrogen carriers work.
- the process can also be carried out with or without catalysts.
- extruders can be used, for example, with single or multiple screw conveyance or, for example, those as used for conveyance or, for example, those as described in DE-OS 30 01 318 or DE-OS 29 49 537, the latter in which the screw conveyor ( n) protrudes (s) behind the actual conveying section into an enlarged reaction space, so that additional mixing takes place through the screw (s).
- kneading disc screw presses kneaders, hollow screw heat exchangers, screw kneaders, kneading extruders, stirring apparatuses, continuous mixers, kneaders, grinding devices or mills such as bead, hammer or vibrating mills
- stirring apparatuses continuous mixers
- kneaders stirred tanks, mills and the like
- a feed extruder can optionally be connected downstream, which brings about a pressure increase up to the pressure of the hydrogenation reactor.
- Apparatuses which are very suitable according to the invention are, in particular, those which simultaneously mix and knead.
- the desired plasticization, dispersion, homogenization, degassing and degradation reaction takes place in a particularly suitable manner, which leads to the desired viscosities. It is known that the reaction rate can also be increased by improving the mixing.
- the devices mentioned can optionally also be adapted to certain feedstocks, for example containing gas feeds, feed devices at different points on the pretreatment section, drying, heating and cooling sections, addition devices for liquid feed products and the like. Furthermore, several of the devices mentioned can be connected in series or in parallel so that a total of a feed mixture of the desired properties is present at the entrance of the hydrogenation reactor (s) downstream, in particular with regard to the degree of degradation and viscosity.
- the devices mentioned are preferably selected from the point of view that a sufficient amount of hydrogen required for the reaction reaches the feedstock to be converted.
- Suitable for this purpose are, for example, stirring devices, mixing / kneading devices, extruders or the devices disclosed in DE-OS 30 01 318 and DE-OS 29 43 537 or other of the devices mentioned can be used, if appropriate with appropriate feeds for hydrogen.
- hydrogen can also be supplied upstream of the mixing device.
- the hydrogenating treatment is carried out in the pretreatment device at a temperature of 75-600 ° C, preferably 75-540 ° C, particularly preferably 120-500 ° C, a pressure of 1-600 bar, preferably 1-500 bar , particularly preferably from 1-350 bar and a residence time from 1 minute to 6 hours, preferably from 1 minute to 4 hours, the desired amount of hydrogen being able to be supplied in one or more stages, depending on the mixing device.
- the thermal pretreatment is carried out in the mixing device at 75-600 ° C, preferably from 75-540 ° C, particularly preferably at 120-475 ° C, a pressure of 1-600 bar, preferably of 1-500 bar, particularly preferably of 1-350 bar and a residence time of 1 minute to 6 hours, preferably 1 minute to 4 hours.
- the pretreatment according to the invention in particular in the case of thermal pretreatment, can also be carried out under a pressure lower than 1 bar.
- inert gas can be introduced in one or more stages, depending on the mixing device used.
- Inert gases can be, for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, carbon monoxide, methane and other low-boiling hydrocarbons, as well as mixtures of these gases.
- Hydrogen can also be present in small quantities. Small amounts of oxygen or air may also be permitted.
- mixing devices for hydrogenating or thermal pretreatment can be combined in parallel connection or in series connection.
- the gases mentioned can also be added before the actual pretreatment.
- a hydrogen-transferring solvent or a mixture of such solvents can also be used as such or in combination with additional hydrogen or inert gas.
- the hydrogenating pretreatment is carried out at a temperature of 75-600 ° C, preferably at 75-540 ° C and particularly preferably at 120-500 ° C, a pressure of 1-600 bar, preferably 1-500 bar and particularly preferably from 1-350 bar and a residence time of 1 minute to 6 hours, preferably from 1 minute to 4 hours.
- the conversion in the mixing device can also be carried out in the presence of protic solvents, in particular in the presence of water or methanol and / or at least one component from the group: ethanol, C 3 -C 4 alcohols and higher alcohols.
- Protic solvents at least partially lead to hydrolysis. If the reaction is carried out in the pretreatment mixing device, temperatures of 75-600 ° C are used, preferably 75-540 ° C and particularly preferably 120-500 ° C, pressures of 1-600 bar, preferably 1-500 bar, particularly preferably from 1-350 bar and residence times from 1 minute to 6 hours, preferably from 1 minute to 4 hours.
- the hydrolysis can also be carried out in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen-containing gases or hydrogen-transferring solvents with or without a catalyst or with or without CO. Typical hydrolysis catalysts, such as acids or bases including organic amines, can be used. The catalysts mentioned on pages 6 and 7 can also be included.
- the pretreatment according to the invention can be carried out in the presence of solvents which do not have a hydrogen transfer effect, such as of aromatics such as benzene, toluene or the xylenes.
- solvents which do not have a hydrogen transfer effect such as of aromatics such as benzene, toluene or the xylenes.
- Non-aromatic solvents can also be used, such as saturated or substantially saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons in boiling ranges between, for example, 30 and more than 500 ° C.
- the high-boiling fractions can, for example, be residual oils, as already mentioned above.
- the hydrating cleavage in the pre-treatment device can be set to the desired extent, up to a breakdown as described in the hydrating treatment of waste according to DE-PS 34 42 506 or in the European subsequent application EP-A-182,309.
- a downstream hydrogenation reactor can be dispensed with.
- the hydrogenating pretreatment can be carried out with or without the catalysts which are disclosed on pages 6 and 7.
- Catalysts can be introduced into the pretreatment device or added before it.
- the waste from organic synthetic materials can be converted into liquid hydrocarbons which boil essentially in the naphtha or gasoline range or middle distillate range. Examples of such waste are disclosed on pages 3 and 4.
- a particular advantage of the method according to the invention results from the fact that the conditions in the pretreatment device can be set so that a product is obtained which can be handled without problems in subsequent steps, e.g. can be pumped or conveyed via screw conveyors, whereby the conditions can be adapted to the type of waste used, which, as already mentioned above, plastic materials, paint residues, paint compositions, industrial chemicals such as those that have to be deposited in special landfills according to the prior art, shredder waste from the automotive industry, used lubricating oils, elastomers, textile materials but also to a certain extent paper, cardboard and other cellulose-containing materials such as wood waste, sawdust or vegetables from household waste.
- the pretreated product can also be conveyed directly from the pretreatment device into the hydrogenation reactor, for example by means of an extruder.
- the method according to the invention therefore also allows only a little pre-sorted waste to be implemented. However, for reasons of equipment, it is desirable to separate inorganic materials such as stones, metals, glass and others before the pretreatment, at least rough materials.
- Vegetables can be processed separately, for example by fermentation.
- An important advantage of the present invention results from the fact that the hydrogenating or thermal pretreatment according to the invention, in combination with the subsequent hydrogenation of the pretreated waste, means that even very inhomogeneous waste mixtures can be used as the feed product, these being converted into valuable liquid hydrocarbons in high yields.
- the heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or halogens, which are contained in many waste materials, are converted according to the invention into their hydrogen derivatives, which can be worked up further according to the prior art without any problems.
- halogenated wastes are, for example, polychlorobiphenylenes, polyvinyl chloride, fluorine-containing polymers or halogens-containing solvents.
- a particularly advantageous effect of the thermal or hydrogenating pretreatment is the result that, depending on the temperature, residence time and pressure, a large amount of halogens, essentially as hydrogen halides, is eliminated in the pretreatment.
- a large amount of halogens essentially as hydrogen halides
- about 90% of the halogen is already removed from waste containing polyvinyl chloride at 250 ° C., a residence time of 30 minutes and a hydrogen or nitrogen pressure of 10 bar or less as hydrogen chloride.
- Halogen elimination can also be promoted by increasing the temperature and increasing the residence time. Halogen elimination can also be promoted by catalysts such as those mentioned on pages 6 and 7. Such catalysts which are used according to the prior art for the elimination of hydrogen halide, such as Friedel-Crafts catalysts and / or organic amines and / or other basic compounds, can also be used according to the invention. As a result, hydrogen halides can be split off even under mild conditions.
- materials can also be added to the waste used, or added to the pretreatment device or the hydrogenation reactor, such as crude oil, crude components and products derived from crude oil, asphalts, bitumen, mineral tars, coal, coal components, products from coal, lignite, Peat, pyrolysis oils such as those obtained from coking processes or pyrolysis processes, oil sands, oil sand products, residual oils from crude oil processing, from cracking plants, vacuum residues, shale oils and shale oil products and similar materials.
- crude oil, crude components and products derived from crude oil, asphalts, bitumen, mineral tars, coal, coal components, products from coal, lignite, Peat, pyrolysis oils such as those obtained from coking processes or pyrolysis processes, oil sands, oil sand products, residual oils from crude oil processing, from cracking plants, vacuum residues, shale oils and shale oil products and similar materials.
- a hydrolysis stage can precede the thermal or hydrogenating pretreatment.
- the hydrolysis reaction is preferably carried out in a mixing device as described above, in the presence of protic solvents, in particular in the presence of water and / or methanol and / or at least one component from the group: ethanol, C 3 -C 4 alcohols and higher alcohols , at a pressure of 1-150 bar, preferably of 1-120 bar and a temperature of 50-300 ° C and preferably of 75-250 ° C. Lower pressures are preferred if the gases that are formed during the hydrolysis are to be removed from the hydrolysis device.
- the hydrolysis stage can alternatively be switched between the pretreatment and the actual hydrogenation.
- the hydrolysis conditions are preferably adapted to the temperature and the pressure in the pretreatment stage or hydrogenation stage or both.
- vegetables and biomass can be hydrolytically split and separated from waste of synthetic organic origin.
- the hydrolysis reaction can be accelerated by adding acids or bases in accordance with the prior art.
- the hydrolytic reaction can also be carried out in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen-containing gases, hydrogen-transferring solvents, catalysts as exemplified on pages 6 and 7 or solvents which are not suitable for mass transfer, or in the presence of inert gases.
- grating oils are also added according to the invention in the pretreatment device or before or after this.
- the grinding oils can originate from the process itself or can be of foreign origin.
- metals or metal compounds which are present in the wastes can advantageously be worked up, since they occur in residues or ashes in a relatively high concentration after the hydrogenation. These residues or ashes can be worked up, for example, to obtain the pure metals.
- Example 1 was repeated, but under a nitrogen pressure of 10 bar. In the case of the temperature of 300 ° C, an additional nitrogen pressure of 2 bar was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a mixture of essentially synthetic waste from an industrial waste sorting plant which contained 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride was mixed with a used lubricating oil in a waste to oil ratio of 1: 3, as described in Example 1 and at temperatures of 250 ° C., 300 ° C and 350 ° C treated for two hours at a pressure of 10 bar nitrogen or hydrogen.
- a mixture of mineral residual oils and a waste mixture consisting of 10% by weight of old tires, 70% by weight of essentially synthetic-organic waste from a technical waste separation system and 20% by weight of polyvinyl chloride was mixed and kneaded at 350 ° C. for 20 minutes and 450 ° C treated with a hydrogen or nitrogen pressure of 200 bar.
- the ratio of waste to oil was 1: 3.
- FeS0 4 treated with NaOH was used as catalyst.
- Waste that consisted mainly of organic synthetic material and a technical Waste sorting plant was obtained, with 15 wt.% Polyvinyl chloride, was treated in a mixer / kneader at 200 bar hydrogen and temperatures of 350 ° C and 470 ° C for 30 minutes. At the temperature of 350 ° C, an experiment was carried out with and without a catalyst. A nickel / molybdenum catalyst was used as the catalyst. No rubbing oil was used. The viscosities obtained are shown in Table 6.
- Waste which consisted essentially of organic synthetic material from a technical waste separation plant and which contained 5% by weight of perfluorinated polyethylene (Teflon) and 20% by weight of textile waste made of 50% wool and 50% polyacrylonitrile was treated as described in Example 6.
- the viscosities obtained are shown in Table 8.
- the results according to the invention are of great importance for waste hydrogenation on an industrial scale, since the downstream hydrogenation reactors and other parts of the plant which are exposed to high pressures can be made from less valuable materials.
- the process according to the invention is therefore of particular importance for waste feed materials which contain chlorinated constituents.
- the examples also show that, under suitable conditions and conditions, increased degradation takes place under nitrogen compared to hydrogen.
- the conditions of the pretreatment can be varied over a wide range of temperature, pressure and residence times, the conditions for the subsequent hydrogenation can also be varied over a wide range, the two treatments complementing one another.
- the pretreatment according to the invention is carried out at a relatively high temperature and residence time or corresponding pressure, in particular at a relatively high hydrogen pressure
- the subsequent hydrogenation can, depending on the product used, be carried out under relatively mild conditions. This applies in particular if the pretreatment has already led to extensive dismantling.
- Both stages therefore complement one another in accordance with the invention and can be adapted excellently to the operational waste material as required.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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Priority Applications (1)
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AT87100875T ATE53859T1 (de) | 1986-01-24 | 1987-01-22 | Verbessertes verfahren zur wiederaufarbeitung kohlennstoff enthaltender abfaelle. |
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DE3602041A DE3602041C2 (de) | 1986-01-24 | 1986-01-24 | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Abfällen |
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EP (1) | EP0236701B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JPS62253689A (pt) |
CN (1) | CN87101612A (pt) |
AT (1) | ATE53859T1 (pt) |
AU (1) | AU583704B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR8700298A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA1300540C (pt) |
DD (1) | DD261170A1 (pt) |
DE (2) | DE3602041C2 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2000077B3 (pt) |
GR (2) | GR880300006T1 (pt) |
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1987
- 1987-01-20 ZA ZA87408A patent/ZA87408B/xx unknown
- 1987-01-21 IN IN44/DEL/87A patent/IN169120B/en unknown
- 1987-01-22 DE DE8787100875T patent/DE3762522D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-22 AT AT87100875T patent/ATE53859T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-01-22 EP EP87100875A patent/EP0236701B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-22 ES ES87100875T patent/ES2000077B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-23 CA CA000527981A patent/CA1300540C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-23 BR BR8700298A patent/BR8700298A/pt unknown
- 1987-01-23 CN CN198787101612A patent/CN87101612A/zh active Pending
- 1987-01-23 DD DD87299432A patent/DD261170A1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-01-23 PL PL1987263795A patent/PL263795A1/xx unknown
- 1987-01-23 JP JP62012646A patent/JPS62253689A/ja active Pending
- 1987-01-27 AU AU68090/87A patent/AU583704B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1989
- 1989-01-26 US US07/303,028 patent/US4982027A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-22 GR GR88300006T patent/GR880300006T1/el unknown
-
1990
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4114434A1 (de) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-11-05 | Rwe Ges Fuer Forschung Und Ent | Verfahren zur verminderung der koksbildung bei der thermischen behandlung synthetischer, organischer abfaelle |
DE4232353A1 (de) * | 1992-09-26 | 1994-04-07 | Rwe Entsorgung Ag | Verfahren zum beschleunigten, thermischen Spalten synthetischer, organischer Abfälle |
DE4236913A1 (de) * | 1992-10-31 | 1994-05-05 | Rwe Entsorgung Ag | Verfahren zum thermischen Behandeln synthetischer, organischer Abfälle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN87101612A (zh) | 1987-10-28 |
EP0236701A1 (de) | 1987-09-16 |
BR8700298A (pt) | 1987-12-01 |
PL263795A1 (en) | 1988-02-04 |
ES2000077B3 (es) | 1990-08-16 |
JPS62253689A (ja) | 1987-11-05 |
ZA87408B (en) | 1987-08-26 |
DE3762522D1 (de) | 1990-06-07 |
AU6809087A (en) | 1987-08-06 |
CA1300540C (en) | 1992-05-12 |
AU583704B2 (en) | 1989-05-04 |
ES2000077A4 (es) | 1987-11-16 |
DD261170A1 (de) | 1988-10-19 |
DE3602041A1 (de) | 1987-07-30 |
GR3000553T3 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
US4982027A (en) | 1991-01-01 |
IN169120B (pt) | 1991-09-07 |
GR880300006T1 (en) | 1989-06-22 |
ATE53859T1 (de) | 1990-06-15 |
DE3602041C2 (de) | 1996-02-29 |
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