EP0216869A1 - Calorimetre - Google Patents

Calorimetre

Info

Publication number
EP0216869A1
EP0216869A1 EP86902264A EP86902264A EP0216869A1 EP 0216869 A1 EP0216869 A1 EP 0216869A1 EP 86902264 A EP86902264 A EP 86902264A EP 86902264 A EP86902264 A EP 86902264A EP 0216869 A1 EP0216869 A1 EP 0216869A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ampoule
heat
meter according
heat meter
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86902264A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Basta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT91185A external-priority patent/AT389390B/de
Priority claimed from AT252185A external-priority patent/AT387854B/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0216869A1 publication Critical patent/EP0216869A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
    • G01K17/02—Calorimeters using transport of an indicating substances, e.g. evaporation calorimeters
    • G01K17/025—Calorimeters using transport of an indicating substances, e.g. evaporation calorimeters where evaporation, sublimation or condensation caused by heating or cooling, is measured

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat meter according to the evaporation principle for determining the heat emitted by a heating surface.
  • Such heat meters are used in particular as heat cost allocators for residential systems.
  • Such heat cost allocators have the task of determining the heating outputs actually provided in different room units (apartments, business premises, etc.) heated by a common heating system and then then dividing up the costs incurred according to this heating output.
  • the known heat cost allocators based on the principle of evaporation essentially consist of an ampoule which is filled with a measuring liquid. Such an arrangement is explained in more detail below.
  • Such heat cost allocators have the disadvantage that by external influences, such as sunshine, oven, hot water in the bathroom, etc., and also by the so-called. Cold evaporation incorrect values are displayed, which then lead to an incorrect distribution of heating costs. Due to the external influences mentioned, more measuring liquid evaporates from the ampoule than it corresponds to the actual heating output of the respective radiator, from which a higher heating cost component is then calculated. Irradiation with external heat in particular has proven to be a problem in the measurement of heat quantity.
  • the object of the invention was therefore to create a heat quantity measuring device based on the evaporation principle which, even under the influence of external influences, allows the most accurate measurement of the heat quantity emitted by the respective heating surface, while being as simple as possible in construction and inexpensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the possibilities of unauthorized manipulation of the heat quantity measuring device should be reduced, e.g. covering with a wet cloth.
  • the heat quantity measuring device eliminates the above disadvantages and is primarily characterized in that at least two ampoules filled with measuring liquid are provided, at least one ampoule (measuring ampoule) being in good thermal contact with the heating surface and the at least one further ampoule (comparison ampoule) is arranged insulated from the heating surface.
  • Fig. 1 is a view of a known heat meter according to the evaporation principle and Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the view of an embodiment of the measuring device according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a section according to the line IV-IV in Fig. 3.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show further embodiments of the invention in section th corresponding to FIG. 4.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show a preferred embodiment of the invention in mutually associated cracks according to the section lines VIII-VIII and IX-IX.
  • Fig. 10 is a section through a further embodiment of a detail of the measuring device.
  • 11 is a view of another embodiment. 12a to 12d schematically show cross sections through further advantageous embodiments of details of the measuring device according to the invention and
  • FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the invention in section.
  • a measuring ampoule 1 is arranged in a housing 5.
  • the measuring ampoule 1 is partially filled with a measuring liquid 2.
  • the housing 5 has a slot 9 on the reading side through which the liquid level 10 of the measuring liquid can be observed.
  • a measuring scale 11 is arranged, by means of which the respective level of the liquid level 10 can be read.
  • the housing 5 is made of good heat-conducting material, and the whole arrangement is firmly connected to the heating surface 3.
  • the heat transfer from the heating surface 3 via the housing 5 to the measuring liquid 2 leads to evaporation of the measuring liquid and a corresponding drop in the liquid level 10. The more heat is given off by the heating surface 3, the further the liquid level 10 drops.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show a first embodiment of the heat meter according to the invention.
  • the housing 12 two ampoules filled with measuring liquid 2 are provided, namely the measuring ampoule 1 and the comparison cartridge 4.
  • a thermal bridge 6 made of a good heat-conducting material, such as metal, is arranged in the housing 12. This thermal bridge represents the heat-conducting contact between the heating surface 3 and the measuring ampoule 1 ago.
  • the comparison ampoule 4 is arranged in a heat-insulated manner with respect to the heating surface 3, the heat insulation being ensured by a good heat-insulating material of the housing 12.
  • the reading side of the arrangement is covered by a transparent plate in the form of a cover sheet 8.
  • the arrangement of the two ampoules 1 and 4 in a common housing and the arrangement of the cover film 8 have the advantage that an improper influence: the evaporation of the measuring liquid in the comparison ampoule 4 is practically excluded, since any such influence also occurs in the same way the measuring tube 1 acts.
  • the decisive value for the heat quantity measurement results from the difference measurement between the liquid level of the measurement ampoule 1 and the comparison ampoule 4. External influences that act on both ampoules have no influence on these difference displays and thus do not falsify the measurement value.
  • a Ausuiunrsbeispiel is shown, in which the measuring ampoule 1 is arranged closer to the heating surface 3 than the comparison ampoule 4.
  • the comparison ampoule 4 has a greater distance from the heating surface 3 and is thereby - in addition to the insulating effect of the housing 12 - from Heating surface 3 better thermally insulated.
  • FIG. 6 in which an air gap 7 is provided between the measuring ampoule and the comparison ampoule. As a result, the influence of the heating surface 3 on the comparison ampoule 4 can be further reduced.
  • both the difference measurement between the two ampoules can be used as well as a value which can be calculated, for example, from the absolute value of the measurement ampoule 1 and the said difference value between the two ampoules. Influencing the comparison ampoule 4 by heat transfer from the heating surface 3 is without disadvantage, since such influencing is the same for all such heating cost allocators of the same design and therefore only needs to be taken into account when calibrating the devices. This also applies in principle to all of the following exemplary embodiments.
  • an air space 13 is provided between the housing 12 and the cover film 8.
  • This air space prevents unauthorized manipulation by heating the comparison ampoule 4 on one side. This external heating would also be transferred to the measurement ampoule 1 by the air space 13 and the difference value would be maintained. As described below, the air space can also be guided laterally around the comparison ampoule in order to further improve the security against manipulation.
  • the cover film 8 or another external part of the housing 12 can be designed to be heat-sensitive, e.g. through training with low-melting plastic or arrangement of melting crystals that any external heating that exceeds a certain value is permanently displayed.
  • the device comprises a housing 14, preferably made of plastic, into which an insert 15 is inserted, which also forms the rear of the housing.
  • the measuring liquid in the measuring ampoule 1 and the comparison ampoule 4 can be observed through the two slots 9.
  • the insert 15 is double U-shaped in cross-section (FIG. 9) and accommodates an insulating block 18 between the outer legs 16 and the intermediate wall 17 and a heat-conducting block 19 as a thermal bridge.
  • the insert 15 essentially covers the rear of the housing 14, but has an opening 20 at the top through which a gas exchange can take place with the surroundings, and an opening 21 for the heat block 19.
  • the attachment of the insert 15 in the housing 14 is carried out by hanging an undercut 22 and by a locking pin 23.
  • This locking pin carries on the one hand a code plate 24 with information for the reader of the measuring device and on the other hand a detent 25 which snaps into a hole in the insert 15 and only can be solved by destruction.
  • the device is sealed after assembly.
  • the insulating block 18 has approximately the length of the comparison ampoule 4 and the heat-conducting block the length of the Nfeß ampoule 1.
  • the insulating block 18 is preferably made of foam. It has air spaces 26 which are formed between webs 27. If the webs are broken, gas can be exchanged with the air space 28, which connects the areas of the two ampoules to one another.
  • the heat conducting block 19 is made of metal. In the direction of the heating surface (not shown here), it projects with the contact surface 29 through the opening 21 of the insert 15. The contact surface 29 should be attached to the heating surface with the best possible thermal contact.
  • a contact plate 30 is also shown in broken lines, which can enable better heat transfer and moreover has the effect that the entire device is arranged at a certain distance from the heating surface in order to improve the insulation with respect to the comparison ampoule 4. The contact plate 30 can also be in one piece with the heat block 19.
  • the measuring ampoule 1 sits as closely as possible in the associated receptacle in the heat-conducting block 19.
  • the two wings 31 can be designed to be resilient for this purpose.
  • the slots 9 of the housing 14 are closed at the front by a transparent pane 32.
  • the measuring scale can either be attached to the housing 14, to the magnifying glasses 33, to the disk 32 or to the ampoules 1, 4 (FIG. 7).
  • the measuring ampoule 1 (and likewise the comparison ampoule 4) is closed at the top by a stopper 48.
  • the opening 49 allows the measuring liquid to evaporate.
  • the cross section of the opening must be adapted to the volatility of the measuring liquid.
  • the opening 49 can be closed, for example by arranging a molded cap which is formed on the stopper and which is cut off during the assembly of the ampoule.
  • FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the heat-conducting block.
  • a spring clip 34 is provided for receiving the measuring ampoule 1, which has an improved spring action and thus a better heat transfer.
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the measuring device with ampoules lying one below the other.
  • the device can be made narrower and e.g. zx ⁇ schen two fins of a fin heater are arranged.
  • the two ampoules and the associated components can be designed according to each of the exemplary embodiments shown here. The same components are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the ampoules 1, 4 are each designed with a round cross section. This can lead to difficulties in heat transfer, since it is difficult in practice to adapt the round gluing of the heat-conducting block 19. The heat is only transferred at undefined points or surface sections.
  • 12 and 13 show designs of the ampoules which overcome this disadvantage.
  • the ampoules have at least one flat surface on which the heat transfer can take place better.
  • 12a and 12b show measuring ampoules with a square cross section.
  • the heat-conducting block is designated, which comprises the ampoule 36 from three sides. The heat transfer is so very good.
  • the ampoule carries the measuring scale 37 on the front.
  • This measuring ampoule with the thermal guide block can be used, for example, in a measuring device according to FIGS. With 39 a mirror covering is designated, which can facilitate the reading.
  • the thermal bridge 38 is only on the back of the ampoule.
  • the ampoule 36 is surrounded on both sides with insulating material 40.
  • the measuring ampoule 41 is semicircular in cross section. 12d shows an embodiment in which the ampoule 42 is formed on three sides by the heat-conducting block 43 and the transparent front viewing plate 44 with the scale 45.
  • FIG. 13 shows a section through a measuring device with a measuring ampoule according to FIG. 12a.
  • the comparison ampoule 50 likewise has a rectangular, preferably square, cross section and is surrounded by insulating compound 46.
  • the air space 47 which is simply formed here serves, as described above, to prevent manipulation.
  • the front viewing panel 44 closes the air space to the front.
  • the individual features of the previous examples can also be used here, e.g. Air spaces around the insulating block, formation of insert and housing etc. More than two measuring ampoules can also be provided per measuring device.
  • a measuring liquid is used in a preferred manner, which facilitates reading in contrasting colors.
  • a beneficial liquid is colored octyl alcohol, which does not pose any health risk. 7 to 11, the evaluation and documentation of the measurement results can be carried out very well by means of photographic recordings. Code plate 24 enables unambiguous assignment to the respective consumer.
  • an ampoule with a round or oval cross section can also be combined with an ampoule with a different cross section (for example, square) in a measuring device.
  • the spring clip 34 according to FIG. 10 can extend over the entire length of the measuring ampoule 1 and can be divided one or more times across the length.
  • the housing of the measuring device and in particular the side walls and the back can be adapted to the heating surfaces by appropriate shaping.
  • the measuring liquid octyl alcohol already mentioned offers the advantage of non-toxicity and does not attack plastic.
  • the measuring liquid is preferably colored in order to facilitate the reading. Fluorescent dye (fluorescent dye) can also be used.
  • the thermally conductive contact between the heating surface 3 and the measuring ampoule 1 is preferably designed such that a minimum thermal conductivity of 100 Wm -1 .K -1 is given.
  • the ampoules according to FIGS. 12 a, b and d as well as FIG. 13 have a rectangular cross section and are thus cuboid. However, a different prism shape can also be provided.
  • the surface section which is in surface contact with the thermal bridge preferably extends at least over the maximum filling height of the ampoule.
  • the ampoules can consist of glass or plastic, in particular a thermoplastic. When using plastic injection, the ampoule can be injected into the thermal bridge with a square U-shaped cross section. It is within the scope of the invention that the different features of the illustrated embodiments can be combined with one another in different ways, for example the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 10 with prismatic ampoules according to FIG. 12.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

Le calorimètre qui fonctionne selon le principe de la vaporisation est destiné à mesurer la quantité de chaleur dégagée par une surface de chauffage. Le calorimètre comporte au moins deux ampoules remplies d'un fluide de chauffage (2), dont l'une au moins (l'ampoule de mesure 1) est en bon contact thermique avec la surface de chauffage (3) et dont l'autre au moins (ampoule de comparaison 4) est isolée thermiquement de la surface de chauffage (3).
EP86902264A 1985-03-27 1986-03-27 Calorimetre Withdrawn EP0216869A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT911/85 1985-03-27
AT91185A AT389390B (de) 1985-03-27 1985-03-27 Waermemengenmessgeraet
AT2521/85 1985-08-28
AT252185A AT387854B (de) 1985-08-28 1985-08-28 Waermemengenmessgeraet nach dem verdunsterprinzip zur bestimmung der von einer heizflaeche abgegebenen waerme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0216869A1 true EP0216869A1 (fr) 1987-04-08

Family

ID=25594291

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902264A Withdrawn EP0216869A1 (fr) 1985-03-27 1986-03-27 Calorimetre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4762423A (fr)
EP (1) EP0216869A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU199984B (fr)
WO (1) WO1986005879A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6579986B2 (en) 1999-06-24 2003-06-17 Abbott Laboratories Preparation of quinoline-substituted carbonate and carbamate derivatives

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5077074A (en) * 1989-06-07 1991-12-31 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Preparation of cookie products involving extrusion heating and wire cutting
US5524618A (en) * 1993-06-02 1996-06-11 Pottgen; Paul A. Method and apparatus for measuring heat flow
DE19707151B4 (de) * 1997-02-22 2009-02-19 Merck Patent Gmbh Kaloriemeterflüssigkeiten mit verbesserten Farbstabilitäten
US6533731B2 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-03-18 Lifecheck, Llc Method and apparatus for measuring heat flow
CN1242268C (zh) * 2001-07-13 2006-02-15 固化测量仪公司 现场测量表面蒸发的装置和方法
FR2923010B1 (fr) * 2007-10-26 2012-05-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif et procede de mesure de la puissance residuelle d'une charge
US10656109B1 (en) 2009-06-12 2020-05-19 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa Cup cryostat thermal conductivity analyzer
US9678025B1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2017-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Guarded flat plate cryogenic test apparatus and calorimeter
DE102012002546B4 (de) * 2012-02-09 2016-11-24 Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA Beatmungssystem

Family Cites Families (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE731544C (de) * 1934-05-26 1943-02-11 Siemens Ag Waermemengenzaehler
FR783938A (fr) * 1935-01-09 1935-07-19 Betr S Technik A G Dispositif pour constater la quantité de chaleur qui est passée d'une source de chaleur dans son entourage
CH217531A (de) * 1940-11-19 1941-10-31 Rob Dr Forster Wärmemesser.
CH228686A (de) * 1941-07-28 1943-09-15 Bondy Willy Verfahren zu vor unbefugter Beeinflussung geschützter Wärmemengenmessung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
CH314371A (de) * 1953-05-07 1956-06-15 Robert Dr Forster Nach dem Verdampfungsprinzip arbeitender Wärmeverbrauchsmesser, insbesondere für Radiatoren
US3433929A (en) * 1967-04-10 1969-03-18 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Control device
GB1259453A (fr) * 1968-01-25 1972-01-05
DK116772B (da) * 1968-05-28 1970-02-09 Brun As C Hus til varmtvandsmåler.
DE2809165C2 (de) * 1978-03-03 1983-05-11 Techem Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Heizkostenverteiler
EP0014934B1 (fr) * 1979-02-17 1984-08-01 Battelle-Institut e.V. Dispositif pour la mesure du débit et de la quantité de chaleur et procédé pour la détermination du débit
DK381881A (da) * 1981-08-28 1983-01-29 A J Hansen Fremgangsmaade og apparat til maaling af betons modenhed
GB2107475B (en) * 1981-09-26 1985-08-21 Joshua Swithenbank Measuring fluid flow
US4435094A (en) * 1982-06-23 1984-03-06 Shapiro Justin J Thermometer scale magnifier

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8605879A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6579986B2 (en) 1999-06-24 2003-06-17 Abbott Laboratories Preparation of quinoline-substituted carbonate and carbamate derivatives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU199984B (en) 1990-03-28
WO1986005879A1 (fr) 1986-10-09
HUT48369A (en) 1989-05-29
US4762423A (en) 1988-08-09

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