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  • C07C43/14—Unsaturated ethers
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  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
  • C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
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  • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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  • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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  • A01N31/14—Ethers
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  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/08—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur
  • A01N33/10—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom directly attached to an aromatic ring system
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  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
  • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
  • A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
  • A01N43/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings
  • A01N43/28—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3 with two oxygen atoms in positions 1,3, condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
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  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C43/225—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen
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  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C43/23—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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  • C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C43/295—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/56—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds
  • C07C45/57—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom
  • C07C45/60—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds from heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only heteroatom in six-membered rings
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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  • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
  • C07C45/63—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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  • C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
  • C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C49/80—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen
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  • C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C49/84—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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  • C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
  • C07D303/08—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by halogen atoms, nitro radicals or nitroso radicals
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  • C07D303/12—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms
  • C07D303/18—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms by etherified hydroxyl radicals
  • C07D303/20—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings
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  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
  • C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
  • C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
  • C07D317/54—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel fluorinated ethers useful as insecticides and their preparation, to insecticidal compositions thereof and to methods of combating and controlling insect pests therewith.
• European Patent Application EP-A-0179018 (which forms part of the state of the art for the present invention by virtue of Article 54(3) EPC) discloses insecticidal activity for certain phenyl 2-aryl-1,1-difluoropropyl ethers and pyridyl 2-aryl-1,1-difluoropropyl ethers, but gives no indication of their level of tolerance by fish.
• novel fluorinated ethers which exhibit excellent levels of insecticidal activity.
• novel ethers of the invention include compounds which are particularly useful for the control of insect pests of rice at rates which are not toxic to fish, thus enabling their use in paddy rice.
• the invention provides compounds of formula : where W represents one or two substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy, or W represents a bidentate group linking adjacent carbon atoms selected from alkylene and alkylenedioxy; Z represents a fluoroalkyl group of up to two carbon atoms; Y represents a substituted aryl group where each substituent is selected from halo, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy and arylamino; and either X' is hydrogen and X is selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and acyloxy, or X and X' together represent a second bond between the adjacent carbon atoms.
• Preferred compounds are those wherein Z represents the trifluoromethyl group, W represents fluoro, chloro, bromo, alkyl of up to four carbon atoms, alkoxy of up to four carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl of up to a total of four carbon atoms, fluoroalkyl of up to two carbon atoms, fluoroalkoxy of up to two carbon atoms, alkylene of three or four carbon atoms, or alkylenedioxy of up to two carbon atoms, and Y represents an aryl group selected from phenyl, pyridyl and furyl substituted with fluoro, methyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy, chlorophenoxy, fluorophenoxy, bromophenoxy or fluoroanilino.
• Particularly preferred compounds are those wherein Z represents trifluoromethyl, W represents a substituent in the 4-position selected from chloro, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and difluoromethoxy, Y represents a phenoxyphenyl group in which each phenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, X' is hydrogen and X is selected from hydrogen, fluoro or chloro.
• Y is defined as R 1 to R 14 wherein R 1 to R 14 represent the following groups :
• IE Compounds of formula (IE) may be converted to the corresponding compounds of formula IB, IC, ID, IF and IG by reaction with an appropriate reagent, and the compounds of formula IC and ID may be converted to the compounds of formula IA.
• a compound of formula IB can be obtained by treating a compound of formula IE with a fluorinating agent such as diethylaminosulphur trifluoride (DAST), as follows :
• DAST diethylaminosulphur trifluoride
• a compound of formula IC can be obtained by treating the corresponding compound of formula IE with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride.
• a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride.
• the compounds of formula IF and IG can be obtained by conventional O-alkylation and O-acylation techniques from the corresponding compounds of formula IE.
• reaction with a base such as sodium hydride in an aprotic solvent and an alkyl halide gives the compound of formula IF, for example :
• the compound of formula IG can be obtained by treating the corresponding compound of formula IE with an acyl halide or acyl anhydride in the presence of a base and a solvent, such as pyridine containing a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), for example :
• DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
• the preparation of the compounds of formula IE can be effected by a process in which either (i) a compound of formula : is reacted with a compound of formula YCH 2 -Hal, where Hal represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or bromine, in the presence of phase transfer catalyst, or
• the compounds of formula IA may also be prepared by reacting an alcohol of Formula : with a benzyl halide of formula YCH 2 Hal where Hal represents chloro or bromo.
• the reaction preferably takes place in the presence of a base such as, for example, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and optionally in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt which functions as a phase transfer catalyst.
• the alcohols of formula V may be prepared by reduction of the acids of Formula : in the form of an ester thereof, e.g. the lower alkyl ester such as the ethyl ester.
• Suitable reducing agents for the esters include aluminium hydrides such as lithium aluminium hydride or diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL), but the actual choice is dependent upon the robustness of the substituents in the group Ar in the presence of the particular agent used.
• the acids of formula VI may be prepared by various procedures.
• One process (which may be generally applicable with appropriate variation), which is illustrated in detail in the Examples hereinafter, is set out in outline in the following Scheme :
• the compound of Formula (VII) may also be obtained by reacting a ketone of Formula : with chlorodifluoroacetic acid (in the form of a salt, e.g. the sodium salt) and triphenylphosphine, by a procedure similar to that shown in J.Org.Chem. (1967), vol.32, page 1311.
• the esters of Formula VIII may also be prepared by reacting an aryl substituted malonate with a bromofluoromethane by the process similar to that shown in Tetrahedron Letters (1984), vol.25, page 1329, thus followed by partial saponification and decarboxylation.
• the alcohols of formula V may be prepared by direct reduction of the epoxide of formula IV using, for example, borane-dimethylsulphide/boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex, thus : Many of the compounds of formulae II, III and IV are believed not to have been described before.
• the invention provides each of the compounds of formulae : wherein W has any of the meanings given hereinbefore for the compounds of formula I.
• the compounds of formula I may be used to combat and control infestations of insect pests and also other invertebrate pests, for example, acarine pests.
• insect and acarine pests which may be combated and controlled by the use of the invention compounds include those pests associated with agriculture (which term includes the growing of crops for food and fibre products, horticulture and animal husbandry), forestry, the storage of products of vegetable origin, such as fruit, grain and timber, and also those pests associated with the transmission of diseases of man and animals.
• compositions which include in addition to the insecticidally active ingredient or ingredients of formula I suitable inert diluent or carrier materials, and/or surface active agents.
• the compounds of the invention may be the sole active ingredient of the composition or they may be admixed with one or more additional active ingredients such as insecticides, insecticide synergists, herbicides, fungicides or plant growth regulators where appropriate.
• Suitable additional active ingredients for inclusion in admixture with the compounds of the invention may be compounds which will broaden the spectrum of activity of the compounds of the invention or increase their persistence in the location of the pest. They may synergise the activity of the compounds of the invention or complement the activity for example by increasing the speed of effect, improving knockdown or overcoming repellency. Additionally multi-component mixtures of this type may help to overcome or prevent the development of resistance to individual components.
• insecticide herbicide or fungicide included in the mixture will depend upon its intended utility and the type of complementary action required.
• suitable insecticides include the following :
• insecticides having particular targets may be employed in the mixture if appropriate for the intended utility of the mixture.
• selective insecticides for particular crops for example stemborer specific insecticides for use in rice such as cartap or buprofezin, can be employed.
• insecticides specific for particular insect species/stages for example ovolarvicides such as clofentazine, flubenzimine, hexythiazox and tetradifon, motilicides such as dicofol or propargite, acaricides such as bromopropylate, chlorobenzilate, or insect growth regulators such as hydramethylon, cyromazin, methoprene, chlorofluazuron and diflubenzuron may also be included in the compositions.
• ovolarvicides such as clofentazine, flubenzimine, hexythiazox and tetradifon
• motilicides such as dicofol or propargite
• acaricides such as bromopropylate, chlorobenzilate
• insect growth regulators such as hydramethylon, cyromazin, methoprene, chlorofluazuron and diflubenzuron
• suitable insecticide synergists for use in the compositions include piperonyl butoxide, sesamex, and dodecyl imidazole.
• Suitable herbicides, fungicides and plant growth regulators for inclusion in the compositions will depend upon the intended target and the effect required.
• An example of a rice selective herbicide which can be included is propanil, an example of a plant growth regulator for use in cotton is "Pix", and examples of fungicides for use in rice include blasticides such as blasticidin-S.
• the choice of other ingredients to be used in mixture with the active ingredient will often be within the normal skill of the formulator, and will be made from known alternatives depending upon the total effect to be achieved.
• the ratio of the compound of the invention to any other active ingredient in the composition will depend upon a number of factors including the type of insect pests to be controlled, and the effects required from the mixture. However in general, the additional active ingredient of the composition will be applied at about the rate it would usually be employed if used on its own, or at a lower rate if synergism occurs.
• compositions may be in the form of dusting powders wherein the active ingredient is mixed with a solid diluent or carrier, for example kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr or talc, or they may be in the form of granules, wherein the active ingredient is absorbed in a porous granular material, for example pumice.
• a solid diluent or carrier for example kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr or talc
• granules wherein the active ingredient is absorbed in a porous granular material, for example pumice.
• compositions may be in the form of liquid preparations to be used as dips or sprays, which are generally aqueous dispersions or emulsions of the active ingredient in the presence of one or more known wetting agents, dispersing agents or emulsifying agents (surface active agents).
• Wetting agents, dispersing agents and emulsifying agents may be of the cationic, anionic or non-ionic type.
• Suitable agents of the cationic type include, for example, quaternary ammonium compounds, for example cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
• Suitable agents of the anionic type include, for example, soaps, salts of aliphatic monoesters or sulphuric acid, for example sodium lauryl sulphate, salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds, for example sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium, calcium or ammonium lignosulphonate, or butyl naphthalene sulphonate, and a mixture of the sodium salts of diisopropyl- and triisopropylnaphthalene sulphonates.
• Suitable agents of the non-ionic type include, for example, the condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol, or with alkyl phenols such as octyl phenol, nonyl phenol and octyl cresol.
• Other non-ionic agents are the partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, the condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, and the lecithins.
• compositions may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable solvent, for example, a ketonic solvent such as diacetone alcohol, or an aromatic solvent such as trimethylbenzene and adding the mixture so obtained to water which may contain one or more known wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agents.
• a suitable solvent for example, a ketonic solvent such as diacetone alcohol, or an aromatic solvent such as trimethylbenzene and adding the mixture so obtained to water which may contain one or more known wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agents.
• Suitable organic solvents are dimethyl formamide, ethylene dichloride, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol and other glycols, diacetone alcohol, toluene, kerosene, white oil, methylnaphthalene, xylenes and trichloroethylene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA).
• compositions which are to be used in the form of aqueous dispersions or emulsions are generally supplied in the form of a concentrate containing a high proportion of the active ingredient or ingredients, the said concentrate to be diluted with water before use.
• These concentrates are often required to withstand storage for prolonged periods and after such storage, to be capable of dilution with water to form aqueous preparations which remain homogenous for a sufficient time to enable them to be applied by conventional spray equipment.
• the concentrates may contain 10-85% by weight of the active ingredient or ingredients.
• When diluted to form aqueous preparations such preparations may contain varying amounts of the active ingredient depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used.
• an aqueous preparation containing between 0.0001 % and 0.1 % by weight of the active ingredient is particularly useful.
• compositions are applied to the pests, to the locus of the pests, to the habitat of the pests, or to growing plants liable to infestation by the pests, by any of the known means of applying pesticidal compositions, for example, by dusting or spraying.
• compositions of the invention are very toxic to wide varieties of insect and other invertebrate pests, including, for example, the following: Myzus persicae (aphids)
• the compounds of formula I and compositions comprising them have shown themselves to be particularly useful in controlling pests of maize and rice such as Chilo (stem borers) as well as lepidopteran pests of cotton, for example Spodoptera spp. and Heliothis spp.
• Some of the compounds are particularly useful for the control of insect pests of rice because they show high levels of activity against rice pests such as Chilo sp. and Nilaparvata sp. at rates which are not toxic to fish, thus enabling their use in paddy rice where fish are cultivated in the paddy.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 4-bromo-a,a,a-trifluoroacetophenone.
• reaction mixture was then carefully quenched by adding a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid (60 cm 3 ) and ethanol (40 cm 3 ), precooled to -78 ° C, over a period of 10 minutes. After stirring for a further 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to the ambient temperature (ca. 22 ° C). The organic layer was separated and concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure to leave a water-contaminated oil (70g). The oil was dissolved in diethyl ether, and the solution dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave an orange oil, which was purified by distillation under reduced pressure (ca. 15 mm Hg).
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 4-ethoxy-a,a,a-trifluoroacetophenone.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene oxide.
• Trimethylsulphoxonium iodide (8.1g) was added to a stirred solution of 4-ethoxy-a,a,a-trifluoroacetophenone (8g) in t-butanol (25 cm 3 ).
• potassium hydroxide pellets (2g) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at the reflux temperature for one hour. The mixture was cooled, and poured into a dilute aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The aqueous mixture was extracted eight times with diethyl ether and the combined extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Removal of the solvent by evaporation under reduced pressure gave a pale yellow oil (5.5g) containing a small amount of solid residue.
• the crude product residue was passed through a plug of silica gel, using n-hexane containing 10% by volume ethyl acetate as eluent. Further purification by chromatography using a silica gel column eluted with n-hexane containing 10% by volume ethyl acetate gave two fractions containing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene oxide. The first fraction was shown by gas liquid chromatography to be 79% pure, the second 98% pure.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)-propan-2-ol.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-ene oxide.
• Trimethylsulphoxonium iodide (2.2g) was added gradually to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (0.25g - prepared by washing 0.5g of a 50% dispersion in oil with petroleum ether of boiling range 60-80 ° C under an atmosphere of nitrogen) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (10 cm 3 ). After evolution of hydrogen had ceased, a solution of 4-bromo-a, a,a-trifluoroacetophenone (2.53g) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (10 cm 3 ) was added to the reaction mixture. A solid precipitate was redissolved by the addition of further N,N-dimethylformamide (10 cm 3 ), and the mixture was stirred at the ambient temperature (ca.
• the major product-containing fraction was concentrated by evaporation of the eluent under reduced pressure, and purified by distillation of the residual oil (1.4g) in a Kugelrohr apparatus, under reduced pressure (20-30 mmHg), at an oven temperature of 150 ° C to give 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-ene oxide (0.785g) as a colourless oil.
• This Example illustrates the two stage preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)propan-2-ol.
• Stage 1 Preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)prop-2-ene oxide.
• 3-Phenoxybenzyl alcohol (1.0g) was added to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (0.22g, in the form of 0.44g of a 50% dispersion in oil) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (40 cm 3 ), under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was stirred for a further 2 hours, during which time evolution of hydrogen occurred, and then added dropwise to the epoxide solution prepared in Stage 1. After a further 2 hours stirring at the ambient temperature (ca. 22 C), the reaction mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous mixture acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)propan-2,3-diol.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyben- zyloxy)-propan-2-ol.
• 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)propan-2,3-diol (0.6g), prepared as described in Example 14, 3-phenoxybenzyl bromide (0.54g), 40% sodium hydroxide solution (7 cm 3 ) and a catalytic amount of tetra-n -butylammonium hydrogen sulphate (ca. 0.06g) were mixed, then stirred vigorously at the ambient temperature (ca. 22 ° C) for 36 hours. The mixture was poured into water, acidified using concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted into diethyl ether. The combined ether extracts were washed twice with water, then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyben- zyloxy)propan-2-ol.
• 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-(3-fluoro-4-ethoxyphenyl)propan-2,3-diol (0.4g), prepared as described in Example 8 (ii), 3-phenoxybenzyl bromide (0.39g), 40% sodium hydroxide solution (5 cm 3 ), dichloromethane (5 cm 3 ) and tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulphate (50 mg) were mixed, and stirred at room temperature under an atmo sp here of nitrogen for 41 ⁇ 2 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer washed with dichloromethane.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-bromopropan-2-ol.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(6-phenoxy-2-pyridyl- methyloxy)propan-2-ol.
• 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-bromopropan-2-ol (1g), prepared as described in Example 17, 6-phenoxy-2-pyridylmethanol (0.64g), 40% sodium hydroxide solution (10 cm 3 ) and a catalytic amount of tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulphate (ca. 0.1 g) were mixed at room temperature and stirred vigorously for 36 hours. The mixture was then poured into water and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The product was then extracted into diethyl ether. The combined ether extracts were washed with water, then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyben- zyloxy)propane.
• the second component (rf. 0.21) was not isolated, but shown by mass spectrometry to be 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)prop-2-ene, presumably resulting from de-hydrofluorina- tion of the major product.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-acetoxy-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxy-4-fluorobenzyloxy)propane.
• 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxy-4-fluorobenzyloxy)propan-2-ol 0.3g
• acetic anhydride (10 cm 3 ) and a catalytic amount of 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (ca. 0.015g) were mixed at the ambient temperature (ca. 22 ° C), then heated at the reflux temperature for 6 hours. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight at the ambient temperature, and was then heated at reflux for a further 6 hours. Analysis by gas liquid chromatography showed 94% conversion to the product. Water was added and the product was extracted into diethyl ether (5 x 50 cm 3 ).
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxy-4-fluorobenzyloxy)propane.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyben- zyloxy) propane.
• the aqueous mixture was extracted four times with diethyl ether and, finally, once with ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure to give an oil.
• the product was purified by column chromatography on a silica gel support, using n-hexane containing 6% by volume ethyl acetate as eluent, to give 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)propane (0.48g) as a colourless oil.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)-propane.
• This Example illustrates the steps in the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)propan-3-ol.
• Stage 1 Preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-chloropropan-2-ol.
• Stage 3 Preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2,3-dichloro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)prop-2-ene.
• Stage 4 Preparation of a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropane and (Z)- and (E)-isomers of 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxyprop-2-ene.
• the mixture obtained in the previous stage (19g) was heated with glacial acetic acid (75 cm 3 ) and hydriodic acid (58%, w/v, 18g) at the reflux temperature for 24 hours. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with chloroform. The extracts were washed with water three times, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate and concentrated by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure to yield an oil (18.1g) which was redissolved in chloroform and extracted with aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous solution was acidified with hydrochloric acid and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate and concentrated by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure to yield 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)propionicacid (7.5g).
• Diisobutylaluminium hydride (30 cm 3 of a 1 M solution in n-hexane) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of ethyl 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)propionate (4.1g) in toluene (100 cm 3 ) under a nitrogen atmosphere at -70 ° C and the mixture stirred for a further 1 hour.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-3-ol.
• Chlorobenzene (31 g), chloropentafluoroacetone (50g) and aluminium chloride (3g) were placed in a digestion cell and heated in an autoclave at 120 ° C for 8 hours. After cooling and venting, the crude mixture was poured into ice water and extracted into chloroform. The extracts were washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate and the solvents evaporated to leave a black oil (45g). Analysis by gas liquid chromatography showed 2 main components, retention times 1.77 minutes (56%) and 10.71 minutes (32%). The volatile material was isolated by distillation in a kugelrohr apparatus at 0.1 mmHg, oven temperature 100-120 ° C, to give a colourless oil 22.4g.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propan-3-ol.
• This compound was prepared by the method described in stage 7 of Example 28 above, from ethyl 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propionate.
• the starting material itself was product C, isolated in stage 6 of Example 29 above.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)propan-3-ol.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)-propane from 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)propan-3-ol.
• the residual oil (0.75g) was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column eluted with a mixture of hexane (23 parts by volume) and ethyl acetate (2 parts by volume) to yield 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyben- zyloxy)propane (0.21 g) as a viscous oil.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 3-(4-bromophenoxy)benzyl bromide.
• This compound was prepared by a standard bromination reaction from 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde.
• This compound was prepared by a standard sodium borohydride reduction from 3-(4-bromophenoxy)-benzaldehyde.
• This compound was prepared from 3-(4-bromophenoxy)benzyl alcohol by a standard reaction with phosphorus tribromide.
• 3-(2,4-Difluorophenoxy)benzyl alcohol (1.0g) and triphenylphosphine (1.15g) were dissolved in dry dichloromethane (40 cm 3 used in total) and the solution was cooled to -10 ° C in an ice/salt bath.
• a solution of 1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane (1.5g) in dichloromethane was added simultaneously with a solution of triethylamine in dichloromethane from separate dropping funnels, maintaining the temperature below 0 ° C. After 30 minutes the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature. The mixture was poured into ice- cold water (70 cm 3 ), and after 5 minutes the layers were separated.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 40 cm 3 ) and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. Analysis of the residue by gas liquid chromatography indicated a major component (75%) of triphenylphosphine oxide, the main product (20%) with a GLC retention time of 5.65 minutes and a minor component (2-3%) with a GLC retention time of 4.99 minutes.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 3-(4-fluorophenylamino)benzyl bromide.
• the filtrate was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 2, and the gummy solid that separated was dissolved in diethyl ether. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was washed twice with diethyl ether. The combined organic layers were washed twice with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to give a dark blue oil (32g). The oil was dissolved in methanol (133 cm 3 ) and concentrated sulphuric acid (7 cm 3 ) was added carefully. The mixture was heated at reflux for 90 minutes, then cooled and poured into water. The product was extracted into dichloromethane, and the organic layer separated and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate.
• the residual oil was purified by passing through a column of silica gel, eluting with dichloromethane.
• the product was crystallised from a dichloromethane - petroleum ether (boiling range 60-80 ° C) mixture to give methyl 3-(4-fluorophenylamino)benzoate (14g) as large plates. A further 12g of the substantially pure product was removed from the mother liquors.
• 3-(4-Fluorophenylamino)benzyl alcohol (1.0g) was dissolved in toluene (10 cm 3 ). A solution of phosphorous tribromide (0.42g) in toluene (10 cm 3 ) was added dropwise. After a few moments, pyridine (0.36g) in toluene was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, at which time no starting material could be detected by thin layer chromatography.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 3-benzylbenzyl bromide.
• This compound was prepared by a method analogous to that reported by Minato et al in Tetrahedron Letters, 21, 845, 1980.
• Benzyl bromide (25.69g) was added to a suspension of activated zinc powder (19.48g) in dry tetrahdyrofuran (180 cm 3 ) under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was sonicated for 1 hour and then allowed to stand for a further hour. The solution was carefully decanted from the insoluble residue (under an atmosphere of nitrogen) into a second reaction vessel, and a mixture of 2-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (10g), palladium (Pd °) tetrakis triphenylphosphine (0.2g) and tetrahydrofuran (50 cm 3 ) was added.
• the stirred mixture was heated at the reflux temperature for 5 hours, at which time analysis of the reaction mixture by gas liquid chromatography showed no trace of the principal starting materials.
• the mixture was cooled, added to diethyl ether, washed with ammonium chloride solution, water and brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 3-(4-bromophenoxy)-4-fluorobenzyl alcohol.
• the product was purified by chromatography on a silica gel support, eluting with n-hexane containing 50% by volume ethyl acetate, to give 3-(4-bromophenoxy)-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (0.65g) as an oil.
• This compound was prepared from 3-(4-bromophenoxy)-4-fluorobenzyl alcohol by a standard reduction using sodium borohydride.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-fluorobenzyl alcohol.
• Stage 1 3-Phenoxy-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (5g) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (50 cm 3 ) containing chlorine (4.25g) and the miture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. After pouring into water the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were washed with water then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to leave an oil (5.5g).
• This oil was purified by chromatography on a silica gel support, eluted with n-hexane containing 25% by volume ethyl acetate to give 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-4-fluorobenzyl alcohol as a white solid (1.45g).
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 3-benzyl-4-fluorobenzyl alcohol.
• This compound was prepared by a method analogous to that reported by Minato et al in Tetrahedron Letters, 21, 845, 1980.
• Benzyl bromide (2.77g) was added in one addition to a suspension of activated zinc powder (2.1g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (20 cm 3 ) under an atmosphere of nitrogen.
• the reaction mixture was sonicated for 2 hours, allowed to stand for 30 minutes and carefully filtered under an atmosphere of nitrogen.
• the filtered solution was then added to a mixture of 2-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (1 g) and palladium (Pd ° ) tetrakis triphenyl phosphine (0.05g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (10 cm 3 ) under an atmosphere of nitrogen.
• This Example illustrates the preparation of 4-bromobenzyl methyl ether.
• This Example illustrates the stages in the preparation of 4-bromo-2-fluorophenetole.
• fractions were further shown by gas liquid chromatography to contain, respectively, 1% and 1.5% of dibrominated material.
• the residual oil was purified by column chromatography on a silica gel support, eluting firstly with n-hexane and secondly with dichloromethane.
• the product-containing fractions were combined, washed with an aqueous solution of sodium metabisulphite, dried over anhydrous sodim sulphate and concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure to give 4-bromo-2-fluorophenetole (15.2g) as an oil.
• the product was shown by gas liquid chromatography to be 93% pure, and was used without further purification.
• This Example illustrates the resolution of (+)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)-propane.
• (+)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)propane was resolved by high pressure liquid chromatography, using a Pirkle type 1A column (25 cm x 4.9 mm) at -20 C, and n-hexane containing 1% by volume chloroform as eluent, at a flow rate of 0.7 cm 3 /minute. Elution was monitored using a UV detector at 220 mm. Two isomers were detected : isomer A (retention time ca. 51 minutes) and isomer B (retention time ca. 54.6 minutes). A total of three fractions were collected.
• isomer A was assigned the dexrorotatory designation : (+)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy) propane, and isomer B the laevorotatory designation : (-)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxybenzyloxy)propane.
• This Example illustrates the insecticidal properties of the Products of this invention.
• the activity of the Product was determined using a variety of insect pests.
• the Product was used in the form of liquid preparations containing 500, 250 or 100 parts per million (ppm) by weight of the Product.
• the preparations were made by dissolving the Product in acetone and diluting the solutions with water containing 0.01% by weight of a wetting agent sold under the trade name "LISSAPOL” NX until the liquid preparations contained the required concentration of the Product.
• "Lissapol” is a Registered Trade Mark.
• test procedure adopted with regard to each pest was basically the same and comprised supporting a number of the pests on a medium which was usually a host plant or a foodstuff on which the pests feed, and treating either or both the pests and the medium with the preparations.
• the mortality of the pests was then assessed at periods usually varying from one to three days after the treatment.
• results of the tests are given in Table IV for each of the Products, at the rate in parts per million given in the second column as a grading of mortality designated as A, B or C wherein A indicates 80-100% mortality or knockdown (70-100% in the case of Spodoptera exigua), B indicates 50-79% mortality or knockdown (50-69% in the case of Spodoptera exigua) and C indicates less than 50% mortality or knockdown.
• Table IV the pest organism used is designated by a letter code and the pest species, the support medium or food, and the type and duration of test is given in Table III.

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