EP0197844B1 - Anlage und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Eisenbetonelementen, insbesondere Platten oder Rohplatten aus Spannbeton - Google Patents

Anlage und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Eisenbetonelementen, insbesondere Platten oder Rohplatten aus Spannbeton Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0197844B1
EP0197844B1 EP86400655A EP86400655A EP0197844B1 EP 0197844 B1 EP0197844 B1 EP 0197844B1 EP 86400655 A EP86400655 A EP 86400655A EP 86400655 A EP86400655 A EP 86400655A EP 0197844 B1 EP0197844 B1 EP 0197844B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
installation according
bench
production area
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86400655A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0197844A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Aerts
Raymond Biancone
Jean Eliche
Jean Richard
Jean-Louis Tron
Philippe Violle
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Recherche Et D'etudes Techniques Saret SA
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Recherche Et D'etudes Techniques Saret SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86400655T priority Critical patent/ATE57129T1/de
Publication of EP0197844A1 publication Critical patent/EP0197844A1/de
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Publication of EP0197844B1 publication Critical patent/EP0197844B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
    • B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
    • B28B7/0017—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps for attaching mould walls on mould tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/003—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
    • B28B7/0032—Moulding tables or similar mainly horizontal moulding surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/106—Chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for manufacturing reinforced concrete elements, in particular slabs or pre-stressed concrete slabs.
  • It relates in particular to such an installation which comprises a bench comprising a manufacturing area of predetermined shape, as well as a molding apparatus capable of defining a set of molds whose base is formed by the manufacturing area and whose vertical contours are defined by walls attached to the manufacturing area.
  • the slabs are surface elements of reinforced or prestressed concrete, of small thickness, acting as lost formwork, which is used in particular for the manufacture of floors.
  • a pre-slab being placed in its final location within a building, it then receives a layer of concrete which, after hardening, forms with this pre-slab a resistant slab of greater thickness.
  • pre-slabs consists either of a fairground prefabrication, that is to say on site, of reinforced concrete plates, or of a pre-production of pre-stressed concrete pre-slabs in the factory.
  • large-sized elements can be produced, in particular elements at least 2.50 meters wide, making it possible to cross large spans.
  • each pre-slab constitutes a specific element which differs from the others in particular by its dimensions, by its frames and by the inserts and reservations which it must include.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to improve the manufacture of elements of reinforced or prestressed concrete, in particular slabs or pre-slabs of prestressed concrete, by automating as much as possible the various manufacturing operations, in particular the tracing operations.
  • the set of molds comprises, in combination, edge rules constituting the external longitudinal walls of the molds, as well as intermediate rules and combs suitable for being disposed respectively in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the bench on the locations materialized by the tracing means.
  • the molding apparatus further comprises means of distribution-vibration of the concrete in the molds, which are controlled from the processing unit.
  • the installation comprises, for making the notching of the fresh concrete distributed by the concrete distribution-vibration means, a notching carriage movable along the bench and comprising a transverse beam, adjustable in height , on which depend a multiplicity of flexible teeth which come to bear on a transverse bed base.
  • the installation comprises, in order to section the prestressing reinforcements, between the elements obtained after hardening of the concrete, an automatic chainsaw with a disc movable transversely relative to a self-propelled carriage movable along the bench .
  • the installation of the invention also lends itself the manufacture of prestressed concrete elements with an insulating plate on the underside.
  • the invention comprises means for maintaining on the bottom of the manufacturing area longitudinal stapling profiles suitable for later use for fixing the insulating plate by means of staples passing through the thickness of the plate and coming to anchor in the profiles.
  • the tracing means are operative for tracing on a table, located in the extension of the manufacturing bench, the contour of an insulating plate and for then placing on the insulating plate deposited on the table along this contour, a sticks in selected places.
  • the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of reinforced concrete elements, in particular slabs or pre-stressed concrete slabs using a bench comprising a manufacturing area of predetermined shape, as well as d '' a molding apparatus suitable for defining a set of molds the base of which is formed by the manufacturing area and the contours of which are defined by walls attached to said manufacturing area, characterized in that it comprises the operations consisting in store in memory, through a transmission line, a plurality of files containing information relating to the elements to be manufactured and relating at least to the geometry thereof, each file relating to a group of elements which can be manufactured together with good filling of the predetermined shape of the manufacturing area; to be carried out on the manufacturing area, as a function of one at a time of said files, plots materializing the locations of at least part of the reported walls so as to completely define each mold in correspondence with the information stored in its memory topic; to set up the vertical contours of the molds; and pouring the concrete into the mold assembly.
  • the tracing operation can be carried out either before the installation of the reinforcements, or preferably after their installation and their tensioning.
  • the method also provides, after the concrete has hardened and the tension in the reinforcements has been relaxed, to project the reinforcements into the gaps between the concrete elements, which makes it possible to remove the manufactured elements from the bench and store them for use. later.
  • the body of the bench shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises, at its ends, two buried solid masses in reinforced concrete 10 and 12 as well as stop massifs 10, and 10 Z. Between these two blocks extends a ribbed slab 14 which supports the manufacturing area 16 and which compensates for the compression forces generated by the tension of the prestressing reinforcements and used for the manufacture of the construction elements.
  • the manufacturing area 16 includes a deck formed by a set of thick metal plates which rests on a series of profiles 18 in 1 which extend parallel to each other and transversely to the length of the bench. These sections rest on the ribbed slab 14 by means of elastic studs (not shown).
  • the manufacturing area 16 defines a flat and horizontal surface of rectangular shape, the length of which can be of the order of 100 meters and the width of between 2.50 meters and 3 meters.
  • a heating device making it possible to accelerate the setting of the concrete after casting on the manufacturing area.
  • a steam heating comprising an inlet 20 and two outlets 22 for condensate discharge (lost steam).
  • the bench in Figures 1 and 2 also includes means for tensioning and / or releasing prestressing reinforcements.
  • a pit 24 provided behind the buried block 10 are arranged vertical metal profiles 26 which come to bear on a transverse profile 28.
  • Two jacks 30 for tensioning are articulated on the one hand to the profiles 26 and, on the other hand, to a traction trimmer 32.
  • a sealed anchoring device 34 is installed vertically in a pit 36 formed behind the block 12.
  • the device 34 is supported on a transverse section 38.
  • prestressing reinforcements 40 constituted by a set of parallel wires, one end of which is anchored in the device 34 and the other end of which is anchored in the header 32.
  • the bench also comprises means for positioning the reinforcements 40.
  • the set of wires forming the reinforcements 40 is preferably produced in the form of a sheet which is prepared beforehand and which is placed on a rotary reel mounted on a cart that can be moved along the bench. Thanks to such a device, it is possible to anchor the ply of wires first in the header 32, then in the anchoring device 34.
  • the main components of the bench which have just been described briefly above, that is to say the body of the bench, the manufacturing area, the heating device, the tensioning and / or relaxation means reinforcements, and the means for fitting the reinforcements, are already known and do not form part of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 relating more particularly to the tracing means of the invention.
  • the installation of the invention makes it possible to manufacture reinforced or prestressed concrete elements, for example slabs, on the manufacturing area 16, according to construction information relating to the elements to be manufactured.
  • This information relates at least to the geometry of the elements, that is to say their shapes, their dimensions and their thickness. They may include other additional information, for example relating to the order of handling and installation of elements on the site.
  • This various information is introduced into a file 42 which may relate, for example, to the pre-slabs to be manufactured for a client or for a given site.
  • a file 44 is provided in which the information relating to the pre-slabs to be manufactured is introduced, which are grouped by casting.
  • This file also contains information relating to the dimensions of the manufacturing area, in order to be able to manufacture a set of slabs during the same pouring on the manufacturing area.
  • Files 42 and 44 can be produced in particular by appropriate software on WANG-type hardware.
  • the information from files 42 and 44 is applied to a processing unit 46 which includes memory means suitable for storing said information.
  • This processing unit can be constituted for example by equipment of the APPLE II type.
  • the processing unit 46 is connected to a tracing member 48 and to a concrete vibration distribution member 50 by means of suitable connections, for example remote connections.
  • the processing unit 46 controls the tracing means 48 so that they materialize on the manufacturing area 16 the locations of at least part of the walls which will be added later on the manufacturing area, so as to completely define each mold corresponding to information stored in memory.
  • the processing unit 46 also controls the member 50 to subsequently distribute the concrete in the molds according to their geometry.
  • processing unit 46 can also be used to control a drawing machine 52 capable of establishing the plans of the slabs on paper.
  • the processing unit 46 is arranged to constitute, from the raw file 42 of the slabs to be manufactured, defining their respective shapes, the file 44 of the elements which will be grouped together to be manufactured together, during the same casting, taking into account of the rectangular shape of the manufacturing area. For this, one can use any known software capable of ensuring a form filling.
  • the tracing member 48 is shown more particularly in FIG. 4. It comprises a self-propelled gantry that can be moved over the entire length of the bench on rails 54 arranged on either side of the manufacturing area 16, and integral with that -this. These rails are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the banks 16 and 16 2 of the bench.
  • the gantry includes a transverse and horizontal beam 56, a nozzle-carrying carriage 58 movable along this beam by means of a shaft 57 parallel to the beam and a reciprocating cable 59.
  • the gantry further comprises a spray nozzle 60 carried by the carriage, and a programmable controller 62 connected to the memory means of the unit 46.
  • the nozzle 60 is connected to a reservoir 61 of tracing liquid carried by the carriage 48, by means of a flexible pipe 63. With this nozzle is associated a solenoid valve 65 connected to the automaton 62 by a flexible electrical pipe 67.
  • the automaton 62 which can be a MERLIN-GERIN automaton, is capable of controlling the movement of the gantry on the rails 54 and the movement of the carriage 58 along the beam 56, as well as the operation (on and off) of the solenoid valve 65 for controlling the nozzle 60.
  • the nozzle 60 is thus displaceable according to a system with orthogonal axes to materialize on the manufacturing area 16 the locations of at least part of the mold walls to be attached.
  • the aforementioned tracing means are operative to project, by means of the nozzle 60, a tracing liquid in the direction of the bottom of the manufacturing area 16 on which have already been put in place prestressing reinforcements 40.
  • the tracing member 48 can be used both before the fitting of the reinforcements 40 and after the fitting of the latter.
  • the liquid used by the tracing member 48 may be a mixture of pasty white for the ceiling, water and soluble oil.
  • a mixture has the following advantages: it is inexpensive, easy to use (flows by gravity), it does not dry in the paint mixture, it does not mark the decking of the manufacturing area or the undersides of the slabs, and it leaves a fine and uniform line even in the presence of mold release oil on the manufacturing area.
  • the tracing member 48 can be controlled to materialize, on the manufacturing area 16, the locations of at least part of the attached walls for the manufacture of different slabs.
  • the tracing member 48 is not programmed to trace the longitudinal edges 70 and 72 of the manufacturing area 16, the latter being in fact materialized by rules as described below with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the invention also provides that the automaton 62 is programmed to draw marker symbols for the location of reservations, for example 74, and 74 2 , of electrical contacts, for example 76, and 76 2 , etc.
  • the location of a rectangular reservation for example 74 1 , does not need to be completely traced. It suffices to materialize only two adjacent sides of the rectangle.
  • an edge rule 76 disposed along an edge 70 or 72 comprises a series of profiles 78, of limited length, for example 3 meters long, arranged one after the other. .
  • Each section 78, of square section is connected by connecting arms 80 to hinges 82 placed outside the edges 70 respectively 72 of the manufacturing area.
  • Each profile can pivot between, on the one hand, a closed position (shown in solid lines) where one of the longitudinal faces of the profile rests horizontally on a chamfered flat profile 84 and, on the other hand, an open position (shown in broken lines) where the profile 78 is pivoted outward relative to the manufacturing area.
  • the profile 84 is welded, from place to place, by plug welds 86 on the metal deck constituting the manufacturing area 16.
  • the hinges 82 are connected to the profiles 84 by connecting rods 88.
  • the profile 78 defines a vertical face 90 forming a molding wall for the subsequent casting of a pre-slab 92 which will have a chamfer in correspondence with the profile 84.
  • the profiles 78 are pivoted between their two extreme positions manually.
  • Attachment pieces 93 are also provided from place to place on the two lateral edges of the manufacturing bench for the anchoring of C-shaped locking pieces 95 suitable for blocking the profiles 78 on the profiles 84.
  • Each piece 95 has a branch 95, with a heel 95 2 and suitable for being engaged under a part 93 by bearing on the decking of the manufacturing area 16, and a branch 95 3 parallel to the branch 95, and provided with a spout 95 4 capable of coming to bear on the top of the profile 78.
  • the parts 95 are locked in position by applying a hammer blow in the direction of arrow F.
  • the profile 78 of the edge rule 76 has a removable riser 94 for molding elements, in particular of slabs, 96, of great thickness.
  • This extension comprises a plate 98 which, in the closed position, extends the internal vertical face 90 of the profile upwards and inwards of the manufacturing area.
  • the plate 98 is connected to a base 100 by triangular gussets 102.
  • the base 100 is suitable for being locked on the upper horizontal face of the profile 78 by means of a clamping wedge 104 interposed between the base and a console 106 integral with the profile 78.
  • the wedge 104 slides inside a stirrup 108, in the shape of an inverted U, the ends of the branches of which are welded to the top of the base 200.
  • the wedge 104 has a straight lower flank 110 able to bear on the top of the base 100 and a rectilinear upper flank 112 forming an angle of slight slope with the flank 110.
  • the flank 112 is suitable for engaging under a flange 114 of the console 106.
  • the shim ensures the tightening of the extension 94 on the profile 78.
  • the profile rests on the decking of the manufacturing area 16 by an inclined part 106 of the console 106.
  • Figure 9 shows an intermediate rule 116 and a removable riser 118 suitable for covering the top of this rule to allow the molding of elements of greater thickness.
  • the rule 116 can be arranged for example at location 66 illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • This rule comprises two parallel plates 118 1 and 118 2 connected by their opposite faces by two superimposed U profiles 120 1 and 120 2 .
  • the extension 118 comprises two parallel plates 124 1 and 124 2 joined together by a section 126 of square section. Spacing members 128 are arranged from place to place under the profile 126.
  • FIG. 10 shows a press 130 intended to hold an intermediate rule 116 in abutment on the bottom of the manufacturing area 16.
  • the press 130 comprises a transverse beam 132 extending over part of the width of the manufacturing area 16 and terminated at one end 132 1 by a vertical foot 134 suitable for bearing by its base 136 on a vertical plate 138 provided on one of the banks of the manufacturing bench.
  • the other end 132 2 of the beam 132 is cantilevered above the manufacturing area 16.
  • the press 130 also comprises a hooking member 140 which is fixedly mounted on the beam 132.
  • This hooking member comprises two elements 142 and 144 joined at one of their ends by forming a V.
  • the element 144 has a hook 146 suitable for anchoring in a ring 148 forming part of a series of rings arranged from place to place along the bench, outside the manufacturing area 16.
  • the press 130 further comprises at least one screw jack 150 mounted on a sleeve 152 suitable for sliding along the beam 132.
  • the jack 150 which is arranged vertically comprises, at its lower part, a block 154 capable of coming to bear on the top of the rule 116 and, at its upper end, an operating member 156.
  • the rings 148 are integral with profiles 158, in the shape of an inverted U, which serve to support both a plate 138 and the decking of the manufacturing area 16.
  • the comb 160 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 is part of the mold assembly and is intended to be placed transversely on the manufacturing area 16 at a location, such as 68, shown in FIG. 5.
  • This comb comprises a profile in inverted U whose two branches form undercut walls to facilitate the removal of the comb after hardening of the concrete poured on the manufacturing area.
  • the two branches 162 and 164 are provided with elongated vertical facing slots, respectively 166 1 , 166 2 , ... and 168 1 , 168 2 , ... for the passage of prestressing reinforcing wires 40 1 , 40 2 , ... the interval between two adjacent vertical slots corresponding to the interval "i" between two adjacent prestressing wires.
  • the profile further comprises two handles 170 to allow its handling.
  • the comb further comprises two locking members 172, and 172 2 constituted by an eccentric member or spacer respectively 174 1 and 174 2 whose rotation is controlled by a lever respectively 176, and 176 2 .
  • the displacement of each of the handles is limited by two stops respectively 178, and 180 1 , and 178 2 and 180 2 2.
  • the locking member 172 is shown in a non-operating position in which the lever 176 is supported on the stop 178, and the member 174 1 , of elongated shape, is parallel to the direction of the prestressing wires.
  • the member 172 2 is shown in the blocking operating position in which the lever 176 2 is supported on the stop 180 2 and the member 174 2 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the prestressing wires. It thus exerts a spreading action on the two wires 40 3 and 40 4 .
  • the comb 160 is held at each end by an assembly 181 comprising a tie-rod 181 1 , one end 181 2 of which is bent and suitable for hanging behind a sloping threaded flat 183 provided along the entire length of the bench and on either side of it.
  • the other end 181 3 of the tie rod is articulated to a link 181 4 , itself articulated to a lever 181 5 .
  • the latter is articulated by an axis 181 6 on a support 181 7 itself fixed on the upper part of the comb.
  • the comb 160 is locked in position by operating the two levers as shown by the arrow H.
  • the concrete distribution-vibration member 50 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 comprises a bucket 182 supported by a self-propelled carriage 184 movable along the bench.
  • the bucket 182 is provided with a rotary volume distributor 186 suitable for distributing the concrete over the entire width of the manufacturing area and a series of distribution flaps 1881,1882, ... each actuated independently by a jack 190 1 , 190 2 , ... to distribute the concrete selectively over the width of the bench.
  • the member 50 is provided with weight sensors 192 1 , 192 2 , ... interposed between the bucket and the self-propelled carriage.
  • the member 50 is functionally connected to the processing unit 46 of the installation in order to take into account the information relating to the slabs, in particular as regards their geometry.
  • the processing unit also takes into account the density of the concrete, as input data, which can vary from one factory to another.
  • the chassis of the carriage 184 also supports, in a manner known per se, a retractable rotary brush 195 suitable for cleaning the manufacturing area, and a spraying boom for demolding oil (not shown).
  • the upper surface of the slabs must be roughened to facilitate the subsequent attachment of a layer of concrete which will be poured on site on the pre-slab already manufactured.
  • the present invention recommends using a notching carriage 196 which can be moved along the bench, as shown in FIG. 16.
  • This carriage comprises two vertical uprights 198 on which respectively slide two vertical uprights 200 which are joined together at their upper parts by a transverse beam 202.
  • This beam and the uprights 200 are adjustable in height by means of at least one lever 204. From the beam 202 depend a multiplicity of teeth 206 which come to bear on a transverse bed base 208.
  • the teeth 206 are flexible and each formed, for example, from a section of concrete iron. They can be adjusted in height using the levers 204 according to the desired notching depth.
  • an automatic chainsaw 210 After the concrete has hardened and the tension exerted on the prestressing reinforcements has been relaxed, the latter are sectioned by an automatic chainsaw 210, as shown in FIG. 17.
  • the chainsaw can be moved transversely on a beam 212 forming part of an auto carriage -motor 214 movable along the bench.
  • the chainsaw 210 comprises an abrasive disc 216 driven by a motor 218. This chainsaw can also be moved vertically, either downwards (plunge movement) or upwards (lift movement).
  • the carriage 210 comprises, placed in front of the disc 216 at a distance corresponding substantially to half the interval "1" between two successive elements (predales) 220 and 222, a photoelectric detection assembly comprising an emitter E and a detector D This assembly is suitable for controlling the stopping of the carriage and the starting of the chainsaw when the assembly detects the end of a pre-slab, for example pre-slab 220.
  • the chainsaw ensures the cutting of the reinforcing wires 40 in a sectioning direction which is located midway between the slabs 220 and 222 (FIG. 18).
  • the chainsaw 210 furthermore comprises means for resetting the depth of cut to take account of the wear of the disc 216.
  • These means comprise two detectors 224 and 226 placed at different levels above the manufacturing area 16.
  • Figure 19 shows, from left to right, three different situations, respectively.
  • the disc 216 is set too high; in the second situation, the disc 216 is located at an intermediate level between the two detectors and, in the last situation, the disc is at a level that is too low, that is to say below the level of the two detectors 224 and 226.
  • the carriage 210 is placed in the vertical position of the prestressing wires 40, near a bank, then the saw plunges by a constant value measured by a number of turns of a ball screw. The cutting can then begin.
  • the installation of the invention lends itself particularly well to the production of prestressed concrete elements, in particular slabs, comprising an insulating plate on the underside.
  • the invention makes it possible to avoid such a drawback thanks to the fact that the concrete elements are poured in a normal manner on the manufacturing area and are then subjected to an insulating plate on the underside, and this on another post of the installation.
  • means are provided for holding stapling profiles 228 on the bottom of the manufacturing area 16 in the longitudinal direction of the bench (FIG. 20). These profiles will later be used to fix an insulating plate by means of clips crossing the thickness of the plate and coming to anchor in the longitudinal profiles on the underside of the concrete element.
  • the profile 228 has a bottom wall 230, pierced by the staples, and which is arranged flat on the bottom of the manufacturing area 16.
  • the profile further comprises two wings 232 and 234 which project upwards from from the bottom wall 230, while moving away from one another. These two wings are then folded back towards each other, forming a V-shaped profile, the point of which is directed towards the bottom wall.
  • the external sides 236 and 238 of the V-shaped profile are adapted to separate the two initially parallel branches of a clip introduced by force through the bottom wall.
  • the means for holding the profile 228 consist of shims 240 interposed between the profile and a wire 40 of prestressing armature ( Figure 20).
  • a wedge has the profile of a split ring, provided with a central opening 242 capable of being clipped around a wire 40, and is provided with radial extensions 244 and 246 capable of coming to bear on the internal flanks of the part in V above.
  • a number of stapling profiles 228 are placed on the bottom of the manufacturing area at regular intervals and each profile is then held by means of several wedges 240.
  • a pre-slab 248 thus obtained is then placed on a stapling bench comprising a table suitable for successively receiving an insulating plate 250 and the concrete element 248 (FIG. 21).
  • Staples 252 are then forcibly introduced, vertically and from bottom to top, through the plate 250 and through the bottom wall 230 of a profile 228.
  • the two branches 254 and 256 of the clip thus pierce this wall of bottom and are then deflected by the external sides 236 and 238 of the profile 228.
  • the clips 252 are thus retained by the profile and cannot be released from the latter due to the spacing of the two branches.
  • the installation comprises, following the manufacturing area 16, a stapling bench 258 described with reference to FIGS. 22 to 25.
  • the bench 258 comprises a frame formed by a number of feet 260 which support a table horizontal formed by five parallel profiles 2621 "", 262 5 , suitable for successively receiving an insulating plate 250 and a concrete element, for example a pre-slab 248 coming from the manufacturing area and incorporating stapling profiles as described previously.
  • the stapling bench 258 also includes a movable carriage 264, movable longitudinally between the legs 260 and under the table of the bench.
  • This carriage 264 supports four staplers 266 1 , 266 2 , 266 3 and 266 4 each movable in the corridor formed between two adjacent sections forming the table of the bench.
  • the distance between the different staplers strictly corresponds to the distance between the profiles previously embedded in the pre-slab 248.
  • These staplers are advantageously pneumatic staplers controlled from a pressure source 268 carried by the carriage 264.
  • the staplers introduce, from place to place, through the insulating plate 250, staples 252 which will be housed in the different profiles 228, according to the principle described above with reference in Figure 20.
  • an adjustable stop beam 270 forming a reference support.
  • This stop beam which extends horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the table is adjustable in position by means of a flywheel 272 and a locking handle 274.
  • the bench also supports a saw 280 movable longitudinally on the bench and suitable for cutting the insulating plate according to the desired width.
  • the saw 280 comprises a bracket 282 movable along the bench and a saw block 284 adjustable horizontally in position relative to the bracket. This saw block supports a circular saw 286 arranged vertically and in the longitudinal direction of the stapling bench.
  • the tracing means described above are used to materialize on a table, generally situated in the extension of the production bench, the contours of the concrete elements, in particular of the slabs, in front receive an insulating plate.
  • the tracing member is then piloted to deposit glue, either in the form of a continuous net, or in the form of studs, at locations determined according to a defined program.
  • the carriage 58 of the member 48 shown in Figure 4 will advantageously include another nozzle provided specifically for spraying the glue.
  • the adhesive Once the adhesive has been deposited on the insulation plate, it is then centered and placed, for example by means of a traveling crane, the pre-slab on the insulation plates already glued.
  • the natural pressure due to the self-weight of the pre-slab ensures the tightening of the adhesive.
  • the installation as described above makes it possible to carry out the following sequence of operations: installation then tensioning of the prestressing reinforcements; tracing the locations of the mold walls; installation of the vertical contours of the molds as well as any reservations; distribution and vibration of concrete in molds; notching concrete still fresh; heating the bench to harden the concrete; slackening of the tension of the reinforcements; shearing of reinforcements in the intervals between the cast elements; and possible installation of insulating plates on the underside of the elements.
  • the tracing can be carried out before the reinforcement is tensioned.
  • the central unit can be used to manage the stock of manufactured elements, that is to say to schedule the elements according to each site or each customer and the sequence of use of the elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

Claims (27)

1. Anlage zur Herstellung von Elementen aus Stahlbeton, insbesondere von Platten oder Rohplatten aus Spannbeton (641, 642, ...) mit Hilfe einer Bank, die einen Fabrikationsbereich (16) von vorbestimmter Form sowie eine Form- bzw. Gießvorrichtung aufweist, die geeignet ist, eine Formenanordnung zu definieren, deren Basis durch den Fabrikationsbereich (16) gebildet ist, und deren vertikale Konturen durch Seitenwäne (76, 116, 160) definiert werden, die auf den Fabrikationsbereich aufgesetzt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aufweist:
eine Behandlungseinheit (46), welche Speichereinrichtungen aufweist, die geeignet sind, über eine Übertragungsstrecke eine Mehrzahl von Dateien (42, 44) aufzunehmen, die Informationen bezüglich der herzustellenden Elemente aufweisen, und wenigstens die Geometrie von diesen betrifft, wobei jede Datei eine Gruppe von Elementen betrifft, die zusammen herstellbar sind, mit einer guten Füllung der vorbestimmten Form des Fabrikationsbereichs (16); und
Anzeichnungsvorrichtungen (48), die durch die Behandlungseinheit (46) geführt werden, um auf dem Fabrikationsbereich (16) die Plazierungen eines Bereichs wenigstens der aufgesetzten Seitenwände (116, 160) zu markieren, derart, um komplett jede Form in Übereinstimmung mit den diesbezüglich im Speicher gespeicherten Informationen zu definieren.
2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlungseinheit (46) Einrichtungen aufweist, die geeignet sind, ausgehend von einer unbearbeiteten Datei (42) der herzustelenden Elemente, eine Datei (44) von gruppierten bzw. zusammengefaßten Elementen zu bilden, welche zusammen beim selben Gießen erzeugt werden sollen.
3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzeichnungsvorrichtungen (48) einen selbstangetriebenen Portalrahmen aufweisen, der über die gesamte Länge der Bank bewegbar ist, wobei der Portalrahmen einen Querbalkan (56), einen Düsentragwagen (58), welcher entlang des Balkens bewegbar ist, eine Zerstäubungsdüse (60), die von dem Wagen getragen wird, und einen programmierbaren Automaten bzw. Rechner (62) aufweist, der mit den Speichereinrichtungen der Behandlungseinheit (46) verbunden und geeignet ist, die Bewegung des Portalrahmens und des Wagens sowie den Betrieb der Düse (60) zu steuern.
4. Anlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Automat (62) programmiert ist, um ebenfalls Erkennungssymbole für die Reservierungsplazierung (742, 742, ...), elektrischer Steckstellen (762, 762, etc.) mit Hilfe der Anzeichnungseinrichtungen (48) anzuzeichnen.
5. Anlage nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse (60) der Anzeichnungsvorrichtungen (48) vorgesehen ist, um eine Anzeichnungsflüssigkeit in Richtung auf den Boden des Fabrikationsbereichs (16) auszuwerfen, auf dem gegebenenfalls Spannarmaturen (40) gesetzt wurden.
6. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formenanordnung in Kombination Seitenlineale (76), die die äußeren Längsseitenwände der Formen bilden, sowie Mittenlineale (116) und Kämme (160) aufweist, die geeignet sind, entsprechend der Längsrichtung und der Querrichtung der Bank auf den durch die Anzeichnungsvorrichtungen angezeichneten Stellen angeordnet zu sein.
7. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenlineale (76) Profile (73) von quadratischem Querschnitt aufweisen, die durch Verbindungsarme (80) mit Scharnieren (82) verbunden sind, die außen an den Seiten (70, 72) des Fabrikationsbereichs angeordnet sind und geeignet sind, zwischen einerseits einer Schließposition, wo eine der Längsseiten des Seitenprofils horizontal auf einem flachen gephasten Profil (84) ruht, das am Boden des Fabrikationsbereichs (16) befestigt ist, und, andererseits, in eine Öffnungsstellung zu schwenken, wo das Profil (78) nach dem Äußeren des Fabrikationsbereichs geschwenkt ist, wobei Teile (95) für das Blockieren der Seitenlineale in Schließstellung vorgesehen sind.
8. Anlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Seitenprofil (78) einen entfernbaren Füllrahmen (94) aufweist, für das Formen von Elementen (96) von großer Dicke, wobei dieser Füllrahmen eine Platte (98) aufweist, die in der Schließstellung die vertikale innere Seite (90) des Profils nach oben und nach dem Inneren des Fabrikationsbereichs verlängert.
9. Anlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Füllrahmenplatte mit einer Sitzfläche (100) verbunden ist, die geeignet ist, auf dem Profil (78) mittels eines Klemmkeils (104) blockiert zu werden, der zwischen der Sitzfläche und einer Konsole (106) eingekeilt wird, die mit dem Profil verbunden ist.
10. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittenlineale (116) jeweils zwei parallele Platten (1181, 1182) aufweisen, die an ihren beiden gegenüberliegenden Seiten durch zwei übereinanderliegende U-Profile (1201, 1202) verbunden sind, wobei die Sitzfläche (1221, 1222) zu einer jeden Platte, die dazu bestimmt ist, auf dem Boden des Fabrikationsbereichs (16) zu ruhen, nach außen gebogen ist, um eine Phase zu bilden, sowie durch einen entfernbaren Füllrahmen (118), der geeignet ist, das Obere des Mittenlineals zu überdecken.
11. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Pressen (130) für das Halten der Mitten- bzw. Zwischenlineale (116) in Andruck auf den Boden des Fabrikationsbereichs (16) aufweist, wobei jede Presse einen Querbalken (132) aufweist, der an einem Ende von einem vertikalen Fuß (134) beendet wird, der geeignet ist, in Anlage auf eine Seite der Bank zu kommen, ein Ankerungsorgan (140) aufweist, das fest auf dem Balken montiert und mit einem Haken versehen ist, der geeignet ist, in einen Ring (148) einzuhaken, der Teil einer Serie von Ringen ist, die nebeneinander entlang der Bank außerhalb des Fabrikationsbereichs angeordnet sind, einen Spindelstelltrieb (150) aufweist, der auf einer Muffe (152) angeordnet ist, die geeignet ist, auf dem Balken zu gleiten, wobei der Spindelstelltrieb mit einem Andrückblock (154) versehen ist, der geeignet ist, in Kontakt mit der Oberseite des Mittenlineals oder gegebenenfalls des Füllrahmens zu kommen.
12. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kamm (160) ein Profil in umgekehrter U-Form aufweist, dessen beide Arme (162, 164) mit länglichen, gegenüberliegenden Spalen (1661, ..... , 1681, .....) für den Hindurchtritt von Vorspannarmaturdrähten (401, 402, ...) versehen sind, wobei das Profil weiterhin wenigstens ein Blockierungsorgan (1721, 1722) aufweist, das von einem exzentrischen Organ oder einem Spreizer (1741, 1742) gebildet ist, der durch einen Bedienungshebel (1761, 1762) betätigt wird, um in Andruck gegen zwei benachbarte gespannte Drähte einer Vorspannarmatur zu kommen und sie dabei zu spreizen.
13. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kamm (260) an jedem Ende durch eine Anordnung (181) gehalten ist, die eine Klammer (181,) aufweist, deren eines Ende sich hinter eine geneigte fadenzeihende Flachseite (183) einhängt, die auf der gesamten Länge der Bank vorgesehen ist, und deren anderes Ende an einen Blockierungshebel (1815) angelenkt ist, der selbst wiederum auf dem Kamm angelenkt ist.
14. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gießapparat weiterhin Einrichtungen (50) der Verteilung-Vibration des Betons in den Formen aufweist, die von der Behandlungseinheit (46) gesteuert werden.
15. Anlage nach Anspruch 14, bei der die Einrichtungen der Verteilung-Vibration des Betons einen Kübel oder Kipper (182) aufweisen, der von einem selbstangetriebenen Wagen (184) getragen wird, der entlang der Bank bewegbar ist, wobei der Kübel mit einem drehbaren Volumenverteiler (186) versehen ist, der geeignet ist, den Beton über die gesamte Breite des Fabrikationsbereichs zu verteilen, und eine Reihe von Verteilläden oder -schirmen (1881, 1882, ...) aufweist, die unabhängig von einander betätigbar sind, um den Beton wahlweise auf der Breite der Bank zu verteilen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Einrichtungen zum Steuern der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Verteilers (186) und der Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit des Wagens (184) auf der Bank in Abhängigkeit von drei Einformationsangaben aufweist, nämlich:
dem Gewichtsverlust entsprechend einer ausgeschütteten Betonmenge;
der während des Gewichtsverlustes vom selbstangetriebenen Wagen durchmessenen Strecke; und
der Verteilbreite.
16. Anlage nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Gewichtsaufnehmer (1921, 1922, ...) zwischen dem Kübel (182) und dem selbstangetriebenen Wagen (184) angeordnet sind.
17. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zum Erzeugen des Rastens des frisch verteilten Betons durch die Einrichtungen der Verteilung-Vibration des Betons einen Rastwagen (196) aufweist, der entlang der Bank bewegbar ist und einen Querbalken (202) aufweist, der in der Höhe einstellbar ist, von dem eine Mehrzahl von biegsamen Zähnen (206) herabhängt, die in Andruck auf einen Querträger (208) kommen.
18. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie um die Spannarmaturen zu trennen, zwischen den nach Aushärten des Betons erreichten Elementen, eine automatische Kreis- oder Scheibensäge (210) aufweist, die querverschieblich auf einem selbstangetriebenen Wagen (214) angeordnet ist, der entlang der Bank bewegbar ist.
19. Anlage nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wagen (214) vor der Scheibe (216) in einem Abstand angeordnet ist, der im wesentlichen der Hälfte des Intervalls (1) zwischen zwei aufeinanerfolgenden Elementen (220, 222) entspricht, eine photoelektrische Erfassungsanordnung (E, D) aufweist, die geeignet ist, das Anhalten des Wagens und das Anfahren der Säge zu steuern, wenn die Anordnung den Anfang eines Betonelements (220) erfaßt.
20. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Säge (210) eine Einrichtung zur optimalen Wiedereinstellung der Schnittiefe aufweist, die zwei Detektoren (224, 226) aufweist, die auf unterschiedlichen Höhen angeordnet sind.
21. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, die für die Herstellung von Elementen aus Spannbeton bestimmt ist, mit einer Dämmplatte (248) an der Unterseite, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Einrichtungen (240) aufweist, um auf dem Boden des Fabrikationsbereichs (16) Längshakenprofile (228) zu halten, die geeignet sind, später für die Festlegung der Dämmplatte mittels Hakeneinrichtungein (252) zu dienen, die die Dicke der Platte durchquert und in den Profilen einhaken.
22. Anlage nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Halteeinrichtungen Keile (240) sind, die zwischen ein Profil (228) und einen Draht (40) der Spannarmatur eingekeilt sind.
23. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 21 oder 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hakenprofile (228) eine Basiswand (230) aufweisen, die von den Haken und zwei Flügeln (232, 234) durchsetzbar ist, die nach oben ausgehend von der Bodenwand vorspringen und der eine gegenüber dem anderen zurückgebogen ist, unter Bildung eines V, dessen Spitze auf die Bodenwand gerichtet ist, wobei die Außenflanken (236, 238) des Bereiches in V-Form geeignet sind, die beiden ursprünglich parallelen Arme (254, 256) eines Hakens (252), der unter Kraft durch die Bodenwand eingeführt wird, zu spreizen.
24. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie nachfolgend bzw. Hinter dem Fabrikationsbereich (16) eine Haken- oder Klemmbank (259) aufweist, die einen Tisch (2621, 2622, ...) aufweist, der geeignet ist, aufeinanderfolgend eine Dämmplatte (250) und ein Betonelement (248) aufzunehmen, kommend von dem Fabrikationsbereich (16), und welche Hakenprofile (228), eine Mehrzahl von Hakeneintreibgeräten (226i, 226z,...) umfaßt, die längsbeweglich unter dem Tisch sind, um von Platz zu Platz Haken (252) durch die Dämmplatte (250) und in jedes der Hakenprofile (228) einzuführen.
25. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, die für die Herstellung von Elementen aus Spannbeton bestimmt ist, mit einer Dämmplatte (248) an der Unterseite, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzeichnungseinrichtungen (48) betätigbar sind, um auf einen Tisch, der normalerweise in der Verlängerung der Fabrikationsbank angeordnet ist, die Kontur einer Dämmplatte anzuzeichen, und um danach auf der auf dem Tisch abgelegten Dämmplatte an gewählten Stellen einen Klebstoff aufzutragen.
26. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlbetonelementen, insbesondere von Platten oder Rohplatten aus Spannbeton (641, 642, ...) mit Hilfe einer Bank, welche einen Fabrikationsbereich (16) von vorbestimmter Form, sowie eine Formenvorrichtung aufweist, die geeignet ist, eine Anordnung von Formen zu definieren, deren Basis durch den Fabrikationsbereich (16) gebildet wird, und deren Konturen durch Seitenwände (76, 116, 160) definiert sind, die auf dem Fabrikationsbereich aufgesetzt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die Verfahrensschritte aufweist, die bestehen aus Speichern in einem Speicher, über eine Übertragungsleitung einer Mehrzahl von Dateien, die Informationen bezüglich der herzustellenden Elemente enthalten, und wenigstens die Geometrie von diesen betreffen, wobei jede Datei eine Gruppe von Elementen betrifft, die zusammen mit einem guten Füllen der Form hergestellt werden können, die von dem Fabrikationsbereich vorbestimmt ist; aus Erzeugen auf dem Fabrikationsbereich in Abhängigkeit einer der Dateien, von Markierungen, die die Plazierungen wenigstens eine Bereiches der Seitenwände markieren, die derart aufgesetzt sind, um komplett jede Form in Übereinstimmung mit den diesbezüglich im Speicher gespeicherten Informationen zu definieren; aus Setzen der vertikalen Konturen der Rahmen; und aus Eingießen des Betons in die Formenanordnung.
EP86400655A 1985-04-01 1986-03-26 Anlage und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Eisenbetonelementen, insbesondere Platten oder Rohplatten aus Spannbeton Expired - Lifetime EP0197844B1 (de)

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AT86400655T ATE57129T1 (de) 1985-04-01 1986-03-26 Anlage und verfahren zum herstellen von eisenbetonelementen, insbesondere platten oder rohplatten aus spannbeton.

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FR8504947A FR2579512B1 (fr) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 Installation de procede pour la fabrication d'elements en beton arme, notamment de dalles ou predalles en beton precontraint
FR8504947 1985-04-01

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SU1831426A3 (en) 1993-07-30
ATE57129T1 (de) 1990-10-15
FR2579512B1 (fr) 1987-06-19
FR2579512A1 (fr) 1986-10-03
MX165122B (es) 1992-10-28
US4738605A (en) 1988-04-19
DE3674618D1 (de) 1990-11-08
EP0197844A1 (de) 1986-10-15

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