EP0194577A2 - Procédé et appareillage pour le revêtement électrolytique de bandes - Google Patents

Procédé et appareillage pour le revêtement électrolytique de bandes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0194577A2
EP0194577A2 EP86102928A EP86102928A EP0194577A2 EP 0194577 A2 EP0194577 A2 EP 0194577A2 EP 86102928 A EP86102928 A EP 86102928A EP 86102928 A EP86102928 A EP 86102928A EP 0194577 A2 EP0194577 A2 EP 0194577A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
electrolyte
cathode
band
base plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86102928A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0194577B1 (fr
EP0194577A3 (en
Inventor
Kurt Held
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86102928T priority Critical patent/ATE49242T1/de
Publication of EP0194577A2 publication Critical patent/EP0194577A2/fr
Publication of EP0194577A3 publication Critical patent/EP0194577A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0194577B1 publication Critical patent/EP0194577B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B5/00—Machines or apparatus for embossing decorations or marks, e.g. embossing coins
    • B44B5/02—Dies; Accessories
    • B44B5/026—Dies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the galvanic coating of a metallic, endless belt with a metal layer, in particular for use as a press belt in a double belt press according to the preambles of claims 1 to 4 and a device for performing these methods.
  • Such belts which are mainly used as press belts in double belt presses, serve to exert surface pressure on sheet-like materials, such as decorative laminate laminates, particle boards, fiberboard, electrolaminates and the like.
  • the material to be pressed is guided between two endlessly rotating press belts which are subjected to pressure and, if necessary, heat, and is cured in the process (see DE-OS 24 21 296).
  • Such press belts are usually made of high tensile steel.
  • the surfaces of the press belt are galvanized with a hard, metallic and wear-resistant layer. If the surface of the material to be pressed is to be provided with a structure, embossing tapes are used which, like the press belts, consist of a steel strip, with a soft, metallic layer being galvanized onto the surface, into which the desired structure is introduced. Another hard layer is then electroplated onto this soft layer for protection (see DE-PS 29 50 795).
  • Trough-shaped baths which are filled with a liquid electrolyte which dissociates into ions which contain the desired metal atoms to be deposited are used for electroplating metal coatings on a metallic object.
  • An anode made of a highly conductive material is immersed in these electrolytes.
  • the object to be coated becomes completely immersed in the bath and switched as cathode. If a DC voltage source is attached outside the bath between the cathode and the anode, a current consisting of the ions of the electrolyte flows in the bath between the cathode and the anode, and the metal ions on the cathode are reduced to metal atoms by electron uptake, which then form a metallic coating on the cathode separate.
  • the baths available in the electroplating plants have certain maximum lengths and depths.
  • endless strips which geometrically form a closed circular ring, entirely in such an electroplating bath, it is known to fold these strips and only then to introduce them into the electroplating bath. With this method, however, only strips of around 6 m in length can be coated, which corresponds to a ring diameter of around 2 m in the largest available baths.
  • the object of the invention is to make it possible to electroplate metallic layers on endless strips of any size, while at the same time improving the quality of the deposited metal layers.
  • the double belt press 1 shown in FIG. 1 has four deflection drums 2, 3, 4, 5 mounted in a press frame.
  • the press frame is omitted in the drawing for the sake of clarity.
  • a press belt 6, 7, which is tensioned with hydraulic cylinders 8, is guided around two of the deflecting drums, which rotate according to the arrows in the deflecting drums 2 and 3.
  • a material web 9 leading from right to left in the drawing which can consist of laminates, fiber-binder mixtures or the like impregnated with synthetic resin, is compressed with simultaneous application of heat and pressure.
  • the pressure exerted on the material web 9 is applied hydraulically or mechanically to the inner sides of the press belts 6, 7 via pressure plates 10, 11 and transmitted from there to the material web.
  • a fluid pressure medium which can be pressurized, for example oil or air, is introduced into the space 12, which is delimited at the top and bottom by the pressure plate 10 or the inside of the press belt 6 and on the sides by the seal 13.
  • 7 stationary rollers 14 are attached between the pressure plate 11 and the inside of the press belt. With the help of hydraulic cylinders 60, the pressure plate 11 and thus the rollers 14 are set against the inside of the press belt 7.
  • the press belt 6 or 7 is an endless belt consisting of a high-tensile steel grade, which in the relaxed state has an annular shape. So that it can be exercised on the material web 9 If the pressure is not destroyed within a short time, the surface of the press belt must be extremely hard. The required hardness is usually achieved by galvanic hard chrome plating of the surface with layer thicknesses of 30 to 100 micrometers.
  • the device shows a device according to the invention for the galvanic application of a hard chrome layer to the inside of the endless press belt 15.
  • the device consists of a rectangular base plate 16 made of steel, the area of which is dimensioned such that it can accommodate the largest press belt to be chromed.
  • the press belt 15 is placed upright on this base plate 16 in the untensioned state, with which it forms a circular ring, in an annular seal 17 resting on the base plate.
  • another press belt 15a is also placed on an annular seal 17, which is hidden in the drawing.
  • This press belt 15a has a smaller diameter than the outer press belt 15 and is arranged concentrically with the press belt 15.
  • the two press belts 15 and 15a have the same width or, in the upright state, the same height, so that an annular cavity 21 is formed between the inner surface 18 of the outer press belt 15 and the outer surface 19 of the inner press belt 15a.
  • the electrolyte usually chromic acid, is in this cavity.
  • the two bands 15 and 15a are clamped firmly on the base plate 16 by means of clamping elements 20 or counter-clamping elements 54, so that their annular arrangement and their relative position to one another are fixed during the chromium plating process.
  • the clamping elements 20 are attached so that they are outside the cavity 21.
  • the inner band 15a is tensioned from the inside with counter-tensioning elements 54 into a circular shape.
  • An insulating plate 23 made of plastic means that there is no electrically conductive connection between the mast 22 and the base plate 16.
  • a rotatably mounted outer sleeve 24 is attached to this mast.
  • This outer sleeve 24 carries two arms 25 made of copper, forming an angle of 180 degrees, the length of which is greater than the radius of the inner band 15a and smaller than the radius of the outer band 15.
  • the arms 25 are mounted at a height such that they protrude beyond the two press belts 15 and 15a.
  • a plurality of pencils 26 are attached, which extend into the cavity 21 almost to the base plate 16.
  • the push rods 26 are at a certain distance both from the inner surface 18 of the press belt 15 and from the outer surface 19 of the press belt 15a and therefore do not touch these surfaces even when the outer sleeve 24 and thus the arms 25 rotate.
  • a plurality of ring-shaped sleeves 27 made of copper are distributed over the height of the press belt 15 in such a way that a sleeve 27 is located in the vicinity of the upper and lower edges of the press belt.
  • These cuffs are held in their position by the tensioning elements 20.
  • the clamping elements 20 are electrically insulated from the base plate 16. Since the band 15 rests on an annular seal 17 made of rubber or plastic, it likewise has no electrical contact with the base plate 16.
  • FIG. 3 The structure of such an annular seal 17 corresponding to a section at point A in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • This seal consists of an annular body 42 which rests on the base plate 16.
  • the body 42 is made of an electrically non-conductive material such as rubber or plastic.
  • On the top of the body 42 there is an annular groove 43 in which a holder 44 is firmly inserted.
  • This holder 44 in turn consists of two parts, namely two annular iron rails 45 and 46.
  • One of the iron rails 45 has a shoulder 48 in its upper part and a groove 49 adjoining it.
  • the press belt 15 is now placed in the holder 44 in such a way that it stands on the shoulder 48 of the iron rail 45 and rests with the lower part of one surface on the wall 50 of the second iron rail 46.
  • the contact pressure can be increased further by allowing a pressurized liquid, for example water or the electrolyte liquid itself, to act on the O-ring 51 in the groove 49. This ensures that the press belt 15 lies both firmly and sealingly against the electrolyte in the cavity 21 on the base plate 16 and is also electrically insulated from the base plate.
  • a pressurized liquid for example water or the electrolyte liquid itself
  • the described seal structure according to FIG. 3 has the advantage that the very rigid clamping of the press belt 15 in the lower hinge part ensures a secure annular position of the press belt on the base plate 16. Under certain circumstances, it is then even possible to dispense with the tensioning elements 20 or counter-tensioning elements 54 and the press belt 15 can be set up freely on the base plate 16. Of course, a simpler seal can also be used when using the tensioning elements 20 or 54, since the seal then does not have to perform a tensioning function. It is then sufficient, for example, to seal the joint between the press belt 15 and the base plate 16 by means of a silicone ring.
  • the sleeves 27 are connected via flexible lines 52 to a ring line 64 consisting of copper rods with a sufficiently large line cross section, which in turn is connected to the negative pole of a DC voltage source.
  • the pencils 26 are connected to the positive pole of the DC voltage source via the arms 25 and the mast 22, which in turn is contacted through the base plate 16.
  • the outer band 15 is thus connected as the cathode and the pencils 26 as the anode.
  • the outer sleeve 24 of the mast 22 is driven by means of a motor 28 and a chain 53 for transmitting power to a gear 55 fastened to the outer sleeve 24, so that the pencils 26 acting as anode rotate at a uniform speed.
  • a motor 28 and a chain 53 for transmitting power to a gear 55 fastened to the outer sleeve 24, so that the pencils 26 acting as anode rotate at a uniform speed.
  • the pencils 26 acting as anode rotate at a uniform speed.
  • the galvanic principle separate from the electrical lyte chromium atoms in the cavity 21 from the position of the inner surface 18 of the press belt 15 which acts as the cathode, opposite the anode 26. Since the anode 26 rotates, a chrome layer with a certain thickness is deposited on the entire inner surface 18 per revolution. The desired total layer thickness of the hard chrome layer is obtained by appropriate selection of the number of revolutions of the anode 26.
  • An increase in the deposited layer thickness per revolution is possible by increasing the number of adjacent pencils 26 which form the anode. In the case of a large number of pencils lying next to one another, care must be taken that they are attached in such a way that they have the shape of a circular section when viewed in cross-section, so that it is ensured that they do not collide with a surface 18, 19 of the strips when the outer sleeve 24 rotates.
  • Another measure for increasing the deposited layer thickness consists in attaching more than two arms 25 with the anodes attached to them on the outer sleeve 24. With these measures, it should be noted that the current strength increases accordingly and the power of the DC voltage source must be designed for this. Of course, with low power of the DC voltage source, only one arm 25 with an anode can be attached to the outer sleeve 24, in which case the number of cycles for a certain total layer thickness increases.
  • the dimensioning of the DC voltage source which is usually represented by a mains transformer with a subsequent rectifier, is carried out according to the known laws of electrolysis.
  • the properties of the deposited chrome layer are sensitive to the temperature of the electrolyte and the current density.
  • the temperature of the electrolyte in the cavity 21 is therefore constantly checked by means of temperature sensors mounted in the cavity and kept constant by supplying heated electrolytes.
  • Fresh electrolyte is supplied from below through the base plate 16 into the cavity 21.
  • the used electrolyte is replaced because the chromium ions are deposited on the strip surface to concentrate it tration decreases accordingly.
  • both the temperature and the concentration of the electrolyte are constant over the entire electroplating period.
  • the current density is also automatically kept constant at all points, so that overall a very uniform layer thickness of the hard chrome layer is obtained on the entire strip surface. It has also been shown that hydrogen embrittlement hardly occurs, thus eliminating the risk of the surface layer cracking under tensile stress.
  • the flexural fatigue strength of the strips chrome-plated by the method according to the invention is also far higher than that of conventionally chrome-plated strips.
  • the current yields in hard chrome plating are around 20%, i.e. Around 80% of the electricity required is used for the electrolysis of water.
  • the rising gas bubbles entrain part of the electrolyte, with which the hydrogen gas is mixed with chromic acid vapor.
  • a tent made of plastic film can be stretched over the entire belt arrangement; as indicated schematically in FIG. 5 by the reference numeral 30, in which these vapors are collected and extracted.
  • the supply lines of the current to the anode and cathode must be made with the lowest possible resistance. Therefore, as is common in electroplating, lines made of solid copper with a correspondingly large cross section are used. Since the anode 26 moves during the galvanization, the supply of the current in the mast 22 has a special configuration, which can be seen in cross section in FIG. 4.
  • the mast 22 consists of a hollow square tube 56 which is electrically insulated by means of a base flange 31 via a plastic plate 23 is screwed onto the base plate 16.
  • a copper rod 32 runs in the square tube and is in contact with the power supply from the DC voltage source via an opening in the base plate 16.
  • This copper rod 32 terminates at its upper end with a flange 33 on which an outer ring flange 34 and an inner ring flange 35 are mounted in such a way that an annular cavity remains free between the two.
  • the outer sleeve 24 has in its lower part an annular counter flange 39 and a shaft 36 running in the middle.
  • This shaft 36 extends into the cavity 57 formed by the inner ring flange 35 and is rotatably fastened there on the inner ring flange 35 by means of two ball bearings 38, so that this shaft and with it the entire outer sleeve 24 can rotate about the fixed copper rod 32.
  • the ball bearings 38 are insulated from the inner ring flange 35 by means of an insulation 37 made of plastic.
  • the distance between the two ball bearings 38 is fixed by an upper spacer sleeve 58, while the lower ball bearing rests on an insulating plate 40, which in turn lies on the flange 33, via a lower spacer sleeve 59.
  • the annular counter flange 39 of the outer sleeve 24 extends into the cavity formed by the inner ring flange 34 and outer ring flange 35 in such a way that a slight play of a few 1/10 mm remains between the walls.
  • This space predetermined by the game is filled with mercury 61, which conducts electricity well, and ensures the current transmission from the flange 33 via the fixed ring flanges 34 and 35 to the rotatable counter flange 39 of the outer sleeve 24 and from there via the arms 25, which are at the top Part of the outer sleeve 24 are mounted on the anode 26th
  • a gear 55 is mounted on the outer sleeve 24, which is driven by the motor 28 via the chain 53 and causes the outer sleeve to rotate.
  • the motor 28 is in turn attached to the square tube 56. So that no current flows from the outer sleeve 24 via the chain 53 to the motor 28 and the square tube 56 flows, the gear is electrically insulated from the outer sleeve by means of insulating foils 41.
  • This construction also ensures that no current flows from the inner ring flange 35 via the ball bearings 38 to the shaft 36, since the large currents required for the chrome plating could otherwise cause dangerous overheating on the small cross sections of the ball bearings.
  • the shaft 36 itself is at a short distance from the insulation plate 40 and thus from the flange 33.
  • the belts are arranged on the device in such a way that the belt with the smaller diameter is switched as the cathode. 2, this is the press belt 15a with the surface 19 to be chrome-plated.
  • the connection of the cathode to the negative pole of the voltage source now takes place via leads to the inside of the press belt 15a, as described above, while the anode continues with the pencils 26 connected is. Otherwise the arrangement remains unchanged.
  • the chromium atoms from the electrolyte in the cavity 21 then separate with the voltage source switched on and the arms 25 rotating on the outer surface 19 of the press belt 15a and form the desired chromium layer.
  • two press belts can also advantageously be chrome-plated at the same time, in which case the inside of the outside belt and the outside of the inside band are chrome-plated.
  • cuffs are attached to the inside of the inside band 15a corresponding to the cuffs 27 of the outside band.
  • the sleeves 27 are held on the outer band 15 as well as the inner band 15a with tensioning elements 20, which, as shown in FIG. 5, consist of copper rods and, in this exemplary embodiment, also serve to supply current.
  • tensioning elements 20 consist of copper rods and, in this exemplary embodiment, also serve to supply current.
  • the device shown in FIG. 5 is constructed in the same way as that in FIG. 2, except that here the power transmission from the motor 28 to the outer sleeve 24 takes place via a gear 29 with a suitably selected reduction ratio.
  • the Tei identical to Fig. 2 le are denoted by the same reference numerals in FIG. 5.
  • Both the sleeves of the outside band 15 and those of the inside band are connected to the negative pole of the voltage source, so that both bands now form the cathode at the same time. If the arms 25 rotate with the pencils 26 acting as an anode, chromium atoms are deposited both on the inner surface 18 of the outer band 15 and on the outer surface 19 of the inner band 15a. This means that one surface of each band is covered with a chrome layer. When dimensioning the voltage source, the higher current requirement must of course be taken into account.
  • a further development of the method enables the simultaneous chromium plating of the inner and the outer surface of a single press belt 15b.
  • three press belts 15, 15b and 15a with decreasing diameters are placed concentrically one inside the other on the base plate 16.
  • Fig. 6 shows a section in the direction of the diameter to the common center through the walls of the three interlocking press belts.
  • These three press belts stand on seals 17, 17b and 17a, the seals 17 and 17a being constructed in accordance with the seal shown in FIG. 3, so that additional tensioning elements for the press belts can be dispensed with.
  • the inner 15a and outer press belt 15 can, however, also be tensioned with the usual tensioning elements 20 or 54, which eliminates the need for this seal for these two press belts 15, 15a.
  • the middle press belt 15b is, however, clamped in such a seal, so that the inner and outer surfaces thereof are not covered for simultaneous chrome plating, and on the other hand the press belt 15b is fixed on the base plate 16.
  • the seal 17b additionally has a peg ring 47 which runs in both iron rails 45, 46 and which is made of a highly conductive material such as copper. This pin ring 47 is connected at several points from below through openings 65 in the base plate 16 through contact plug 63 to the negative pole of the voltage source, so that Band 15b is connected as a cathode.
  • the method and the corresponding device for performing the electroplating of a metal layer is described here using the example of hard chrome plating of a press belt.
  • both the method and the device for electroplating any other metal layer on the press belt can be used, for example for copper plating or nickel plating.
  • the conditions known for electroplating for the respective metal must be observed.
  • the anode 26 must then consist of a special material, for example of copper rods, if a copper layer is to be galvanically applied to the press belt. If it appears expedient, instead of the anode 26 consisting of individual rods, a single contiguous surface can also be selected for the anode.
  • the type of electrolyte should be chosen as is familiar to the person skilled in the art.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
EP86102928A 1985-03-15 1986-03-05 Procédé et appareillage pour le revêtement électrolytique de bandes Expired - Lifetime EP0194577B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86102928T ATE49242T1 (de) 1985-03-15 1986-03-05 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur galvanischen beschichtung von pressbaendern.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3509388 1985-03-15
DE3509388A DE3509388C2 (de) 1985-03-15 1985-03-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur galvanischen Beschichtung von Pressbändern

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0194577A2 true EP0194577A2 (fr) 1986-09-17
EP0194577A3 EP0194577A3 (en) 1987-10-14
EP0194577B1 EP0194577B1 (fr) 1990-01-03

Family

ID=6265351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86102928A Expired - Lifetime EP0194577B1 (fr) 1985-03-15 1986-03-05 Procédé et appareillage pour le revêtement électrolytique de bandes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US4640758A (fr)
EP (1) EP0194577B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61213392A (fr)
CN (1) CN1011601B (fr)
AT (1) ATE49242T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3509388C2 (fr)
SU (1) SU1426459A3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04234765A (ja) * 1990-08-29 1992-08-24 Xerox Corp 基体、ベルトおよび静電写真像形成部材、並びにこれらの製造方法
US5064509A (en) * 1990-09-28 1991-11-12 Xerox Corporation Multilayer belts formed by electrodeposition
US5152723A (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-10-06 Xerox Corporation Endless metal belt assembly with hardened belt surfaces
CN100390326C (zh) * 2004-01-06 2008-05-28 上海维安热电材料股份有限公司 一种复合镀层材料的制备方法及设备
KR100686778B1 (ko) * 2005-01-12 2007-02-23 엘에스전선 주식회사 금속 전해박 제조장치
CN111575769B (zh) * 2020-05-25 2021-05-14 太仓市华夏电镀有限公司 一种自动挂镀生产线及挂镀铜镍铬生产工艺

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3772163A (en) * 1971-08-20 1973-11-13 J Jumer Electrochemical processing of inner surfaces of large vessels
US3783110A (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-01-01 Us Army Process for electrodeposition of metals under the influence of a centrifugal force field
FR2285178A1 (fr) * 1974-09-19 1976-04-16 Jumer John Procede et appareil de traitement electrolytique par portions discretes de grandes surfaces

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3507770A (en) * 1967-12-08 1970-04-21 Charles G Fleming Apparatus for electrolytic refining of copper
DE2421296A1 (de) * 1974-05-02 1975-11-13 Held Kg Adolf Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von endloslaminaten
DE2950795C2 (de) * 1979-12-17 1982-07-29 Standex International Gmbh, 4150 Krefeld Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Prägegravur auf einem durch eine Schweißnaht verbundenen metallischen Endlosband

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3772163A (en) * 1971-08-20 1973-11-13 J Jumer Electrochemical processing of inner surfaces of large vessels
US3783110A (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-01-01 Us Army Process for electrodeposition of metals under the influence of a centrifugal force field
FR2285178A1 (fr) * 1974-09-19 1976-04-16 Jumer John Procede et appareil de traitement electrolytique par portions discretes de grandes surfaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN86101406A (zh) 1986-09-10
US4640758A (en) 1987-02-03
EP0194577B1 (fr) 1990-01-03
JPS61213392A (ja) 1986-09-22
JPH0240753B2 (fr) 1990-09-13
CN1011601B (zh) 1991-02-13
ATE49242T1 (de) 1990-01-15
EP0194577A3 (en) 1987-10-14
SU1426459A3 (ru) 1988-09-23
DE3509388A1 (de) 1986-09-18
US4686016A (en) 1987-08-11
DE3509388C2 (de) 1993-12-09

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