EP0182274B1 - Réflecteur radar gonflable - Google Patents

Réflecteur radar gonflable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182274B1
EP0182274B1 EP85114423A EP85114423A EP0182274B1 EP 0182274 B1 EP0182274 B1 EP 0182274B1 EP 85114423 A EP85114423 A EP 85114423A EP 85114423 A EP85114423 A EP 85114423A EP 0182274 B1 EP0182274 B1 EP 0182274B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
envelope
arrangement
radar
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85114423A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0182274A3 (en
EP0182274A2 (fr
Inventor
Gene E. Gentry
John H. Bain Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laval Marlene
Original Assignee
Laval Marlene
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laval Marlene filed Critical Laval Marlene
Priority to AT85114423T priority Critical patent/ATE43937T1/de
Publication of EP0182274A2 publication Critical patent/EP0182274A2/fr
Publication of EP0182274A3 publication Critical patent/EP0182274A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0182274B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182274B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
    • H01Q15/20—Collapsible reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/08—Means for collapsing antennas or parts thereof
    • H01Q1/081—Inflatable antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radar reflector with a collapsible and inflatable, radar-permeable balloon-like envelope which surrounds a reflector arrangement which consists of a number of reflector elements which, in the inflated state of the envelope, form a plurality of angle reflectors, the apex of which is essentially in the center of the radar reflector meet, wherein the reflector elements are made of a flexible material to allow collapsing of the reflector assembly when collapsing the sheath, the reflector assembly being suspended in the sheath by an array of bands extending from a location on the inner surface of the sheath to the corners extend the reflector assembly.
  • the security with which lost objects and / or people in need can be localized and, as a result, taken up or saved depends on the intensity, i. H. the efficiency with which a radar signal is reflected by the object and / or the person. If the object that is to reflect the radar signal is relatively small and far away, it can be very difficult to locate the object or, for example, stray people, such as tent residents, hunters, military personnel, seafarers who are in distress or the like.
  • the installation of an effective angle reflector arrangement in an inflatable device results in a radar reflection cross section that is many times larger than that of an object of the same dimensions without such an angle reflector arrangement. This increased radar reflection or reflection cross section can also be located effectively from a great distance.
  • the reflector arrangement consists of flexible or collapsible interior angle reflector elements that can be collapsed to an extremely small volume (for example, to be placed in a pocket of a life jacket to enable easy storage).
  • the reflector elements can be made of a flexible material that is elastic and resistant to damage and which in any case can be easily repaired.
  • the inflatable reflector can be inflated by mouth or using compressed air or a pressurized gas that is lighter than air.
  • U.S. Patent 3,103,662 proposes an improvement in the construction of an inflatable radar reflector in which the edges of the reflector assembly are attached to the hems of the outer inflatable envelope.
  • the angle reflectors are also constructed as a unit, the intersecting surfaces being sewn together or connected in some other way.
  • the outer edges of the assembly are sandwiched into the seams of the outer surface to form an octahedral inflatable assembly.
  • this design leads in practice to a very clear and obvious distortion of the surfaces of the reflector elements in the inflated state.
  • the stress in the material of the outer inflatable surface is greater in the middle of each triangular area than in the area of the tips.
  • a radar reflector is known in which the triangular Although reflector elements of the reflector arrangement are not connected to one another at the edges facing one another, but rather only in the region of the corners which are adjacent to one another. However, this connection in the area of the corners also leads to the formation of folds with the resulting disadvantages described above, which, according to the teaching of US Pat. No. 25 34 716, is to be avoided by using knitted or knitted material for the reflector elements.
  • This known construction is also a radar reflector of a different type, in which, instead of a balloon-like envelope, a frame construction formed from inflatable ring tubes is used to clamp the reflector arrangement. Due to this frame construction, however, the reflector elements are completely exposed, so that the influence of wind, hail or heavy rain can also lead to undesirable warping of the reflector elements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved arrangement for the internal erection of a flexible or collapsible angle reflector arrangement within an inflatable envelope.
  • each reflector element within the envelope by the tapes takes place in such a way that the edges of each reflector element are provided with a longitudinal hem, and each longitudinal seam is traversed by at least one band.
  • the reflector elements are suspended completely independently of one another within the envelope by the novel arrangement of holding straps guided over the seams, so that mutual interference with the already described negative consequences with regard to wrinkling, twisting and the like also due to deformation of the envelope external influences such as storm or the like is excluded.
  • each reflector element can be suspended completely independently of the adjacent reflector element within the inflatable envelope by means of the arrangement of the strips which is guided over the seams.
  • a main feature and main advantage of the arrangement according to the invention thus lies in the fact that the reflecting surfaces of the reflector elements are kept completely flat and tensioned, so that folds, sagging, twisting or angular misalignments are practically no longer possible.
  • the reflector assembly can be more easily constructed from unitary components that can be properly aligned without the need for precise attachment to one another.
  • the reflector arrangement can be assembled and externally matched to the inflatable envelope, after which it can be introduced into the inflatable envelope in one operation.
  • a further feature and a further advantage of the invention is that a quality check can be carried out before the final sealing of the inflatable envelope takes place, since the reflector arrangement can be erected and tuned prior to installation in the inflatable envelope.
  • a floatable, inflatable reflector 1 can be used by a person 2 in the water in order to facilitate discovery and rescue.
  • a reflected signal can be seen by a watercraft 3, an air vehicle 4a, a helicopter 4b or by a radar base 5 located on land.
  • a ship 6 can be determined by a reflected signal if a radar reflector 7 is used as a signal reflector, for example for the purpose of reflection back to the watercraft 3, to the aircraft 4a or 4b or to the radar base 5 located on land.
  • a life raft 8 can be detected with a radar reflector 9 from the watercraft 3, the aircraft 4a or 4b or the radar base 5 located on land. It is therefore easy to see that, regardless of whether the object is a person, a boat or a life raft, the discovery and rescue by the inventive radar reflector 1, 7 or 9 are made considerably easier, regardless of whether the missing object or the missing person located in the water or on land.
  • a reflector arrangement 10 is formed by twelve triangular reflector elements 11 which have reflective surfaces on each side and which are made of flexible material reflecting radar waves, for example made of metal-impregnated material, aluminum-coated Mylar (registered trademark) or other metallized foils, laminated foils, impregnated rubber or the like.
  • the triangular reflector elements form a plurality of three-sided angle reflectors with a three-sided cross section, the apexes of which essentially meet at the center 15 of the reflector arrangement 10.
  • reflector elements with a three-sided cross section are preferred, they can also be V-shaped.
  • the expression “reflector element” is intended to include both.
  • each of the triangular reflector elements 11 forms an isosceles, right-angled triangle and the reflector arrangement 10 comprises twelve triangular corner reflectors, the sides of which are essentially perpendicular to one another.
  • the hypotenuses of the reflector elements form the edges of a regular octahedron.
  • the reflector elements 11 are equipped with a folded longitudinal seam 12 along each edge.
  • This edge-side longitudinal seam 12 results in a channel or area through which a non-tension band 13 can be pulled.
  • the band 13 consists of a line with low weight, small diameter, certain strength and low coefficient of friction, for example an ordinary fishing line, which can be made of braided Dacron (registered trademark) or a single-thread line or a strong thread made of, for example, nylon , Kevlar (registered trademark) or the like. Elastic materials can also be used.
  • the tape 13 also passes through mounting clips 14 located on each of the six outer apices of the reflector assembly 10.
  • the band 13 passes from a vertex to the center of the reflector arrangement 10 through a folded, longitudinal seam 12 on the edge.
  • the band then passes several times through the ring at the center 15 and the fastening clamps 14. It is possible to hang all reflector elements using a continuous length of tape 13. However, in a preferred hanging method, three separate bands are used, one for each of the three orthogonal planes.
  • the mounting clips 14 are attached to eyelets 16 located near the inner surface of an inflatable sheath 17.
  • the inflatable sheath 17 may be made of a flexible, water- and airtight material that is permeable to radar waves, such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride film, polyurethane film, Mylar (registered trademark), Tedlar (registered trademark) or from another plastic film material, rubber, sealed material or the like .
  • the preferred inflatable sheath is constructed as a ball from four or more sections or gussets that have airtight seams that connect the individual sections to form the inflatable sheath 17. These seams are preferably formed with unprocessed brims 18 on the inner surface of the sleeve 17 and arranged at an angle of 90 ° to one another.
  • the eyelets 16 can be fastened to the unprocessed brim 18 and thereby provide orthogonal fastening points for the fastening clamps on the apices of the reflector arrangement.
  • the band 13 is tensioned.
  • the total length of the band 13 is several times longer than the corresponding diameter of the inflatable cover 17. Therefore, a small increase in the diameter of the inflatable cover 17 leads to a multiple increase in the required length of the band. For this reason, when the sleeve 17 is inflated, a sag in the band is quickly compensated for, without the need for great accuracy in adjusting the length of the band 13. Since each reflector element 11 is surrounded by the tensioned band 13, the reflecting surfaces of the Reflector elements 11 are kept tense and flat without folds, sagging or twisting. The band 13 can slide freely in the folded seams 12, the fastening clips 14 and the ring in the center 15 in order to be aligned at right angles.
  • the accuracy of the angular orientation of the reflector elements 11 is only a function of the accuracy of the arrangement of the eyelets 16 in the inflatable envelope 17 and does not depend on that Accuracy of the construction of the reflector elements 11 itself.
  • the reflector elements have the shape of a right-angled triangle.
  • the tension of the tape or tapes is introduced harmoniously into the respective reflector element without this resulting in tension peaks in the region of the corners of the reflector element and in the center of the hypotenuse no longer having sufficient clamping force
  • An inflation valve 20 allows gas to be introduced into the inflatable sheath 17.
  • the design of the inflation valve used depends on whether the inflation is by mouth, compressed air, or a pressurized gas that is lighter than air.
  • Brackets or eyelets 21 can be provided on the outside of the inflatable envelope 17 and form a fastening possibility for a valley jeep 22, a care line or the like.
  • the Taljereep 22 can be used to attach the inflatable radar reflector system to a person or object.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3, in which the same reference numerals designate the same components.
  • This alternative embodiment is identical in structure and mode of operation to the previously described embodiment, with a specific difference with regard to the edges of the reflector elements 11.
  • the edge-side longitudinal seams 12 shown in FIG. 2 are cut out according to FIG. 3 and alternately form empty spaces and tongues 12a on each of the edges which are adjacent to one another.
  • the tongues 12a are arranged so that they interlock and fit along a common line.
  • the interlocking tongues 12a of the reflector elements can thus share a common individual longitudinal section of the band 13. This division of a common band length along the interlocking edges of adjacent reflector elements allows the overall length of the band to be shortened so that less friction occurs and eliminates the need for a center ring as shown at center 15 in FIG. 2.
  • Inflatable radar reflectors of the type according to the invention can have reflector elements of different numbers and positions.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can be implemented with a minimum of seven reflectors 31 to 37 with three different sizes according to FIG. 4, instead of the twelve identical triangular reflector elements 11 of the preferred embodiments.
  • a similar reflector arrangement can consist of any number of reflecting surfaces between seven and twelve.
  • Another possible form of modification consists in an inflatable radar reflector, in which the reflector elements 41 in one hemisphere are rotated relative to the reflector elements 42 in the other hemisphere, as can be seen from FIG. 5.
  • ten attachment points may be required for ten eyelets and attachment clips.
  • any configuration of a complex reflector arrangement 51 can be obtained, as can be seen from FIG. 6 if it is suspended as described above.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described using a spherical inflatable envelope, it is also possible to use a variety of shapes for the outer inflatable envelope as long as the eyelets are properly positioned within the inflatable shape. Many variations of the invention are thus possible and these are encompassed by the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Réflecteur radar, comportant une enveloppe du type ballon, repliable et gonflable, transparente aux ondes radar, laquelle entoure un agencement de réflecteurs constitué d'une pluralité d'éléments de réflecteur qui, lorsque l'enveloppe est à l'état gonflé, constituent une pluralité de réflecteurs en coin, dont les sommets se rencontrent sensiblement au centre du réflecteur radar, les éléments de réflecteur étant faits d'un matériau flexible, afin d'autoriser un pliage de l'agencement de réflecteurs lors du pliage de l'enveloppe, l'agencement de réflecteurs dans l'enveloppe étant suspendu au moyen d'un agencement de cordons qui s'étendent d'un endroit situé à la surface intérieure de l'enveloppe aux coins de l'agencement de réflecteurs, caractérisé par le fait que la suspension de chaque élément de réflecteur (11) à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (17), par les cordons (13), est effectuée à chaque fois par le fait que les bords de chaque élément de réflecteur (11) sont munis d'un ourlet longitudinal (12), et qu'au moins un cordon est passé dans chaque ourlet.
2. Réflecteur radar selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'agencement des cordons (13) est constitué par un cordon continu qui passe par le centre (15) de l'agencement de réflecteurs en venant de la surface intérieure de l'enveloppe via chaque ourlet (12) des éléments de réflecteur.
3. Réflecteur radar selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'agencement des cordons (13) comporte au moins deux cordons séparés l'un de l'autre, passant chacun par les ourlets d'éléments de réflecteur (11) situés dans un plan.
4. Réflecteur radar selon revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'un élément-anneau est agencé au centre (15) de l'agencement de réflecteurs, les cordons (13) passant par les ourlets (12) des éléments de' réflecteur étant passés dans cet élément-anneau.
5. Réflecteur radar selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les ourlets (12) de bords voisins des éléments de réflecteur (11) sont échancrés afin de former un alternat d'échancrures et languettes (12a), et par le fait que les languettes (12a) le long du bord d'un élément de réflecteur sont situées dans les échancrures le long du bord de l'élément de réflecteur voisin, un cordon individuel de l'agencement de cordons (13) étant passé dans les ourlets des languettes (12a).
6. Réflecteur radar selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de réflecteur (11) sont assemblés à l'enveloppe (17) par un dispositif de fixation (14).
7. Réflecteur radar selon revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe gonflable (17) est constituée par une pluralité de portions mutuellement assemblées par des coutures étanches à l'air, lesquelles présentent des bandes de matière excédentaires qui s'étendent depuis la surface intérieure de l'enveloppe vers l'intérieur, pour former des rebords (18) auxquels les dispositifs de fixation (14) sont fixés.
8. Réflecteur radar selon revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que chaque élément de réflecteur (11) dans l'agencement de réflecteurs forme un triangle rectangle isocèle, et par le fait que les éléments de réflecteur sont agencés les uns par rapport aux autres de manière à former, lorsque l'enveloppe est à l'état gonflé, douze réflecteurs en coin à trois surfaces, à section droite triangulaire, dont les surfaces sont sensiblement orthogonales, les hypoténuses des éléments de réflecteur triangulaires (11) formant les bords d'un octaèdre régulier.
EP85114423A 1984-11-13 1985-11-13 Réflecteur radar gonflable Expired EP0182274B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85114423T ATE43937T1 (de) 1984-11-13 1985-11-13 Aufblasbarer radarreflektor.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US670211 1984-11-13
US06/670,211 US4673934A (en) 1984-11-13 1984-11-13 Inflatable radar reflector

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182274A2 EP0182274A2 (fr) 1986-05-28
EP0182274A3 EP0182274A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0182274B1 true EP0182274B1 (fr) 1989-06-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85114423A Expired EP0182274B1 (fr) 1984-11-13 1985-11-13 Réflecteur radar gonflable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4673934A (fr)
EP (1) EP0182274B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE43937T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3570952D1 (fr)

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DE102006019170A1 (de) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Haindl Kunststoffverarbeitung Gmbh Schifffahrtszeichen
DE102011120929A1 (de) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Schutzsystem, insbesondere für Schiffe, gegen radargelenkte Bedrohungen

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GB2475746A (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-01 Anthony George Kearney Stabilised radar reflector located within a protective sphere
US7932850B1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-04-26 Arthur Anton Hochschild, III Buoyant target with radar reflectivity
US8910743B2 (en) * 2010-07-16 2014-12-16 Subsea Asset Location Technologies Limited Acoustic Reflectors
JP6042811B2 (ja) * 2011-07-08 2016-12-14 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース コーナーリフレクタ
WO2013008513A1 (fr) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-17 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース Réflecteur de coin
US20150048572A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-02-19 American Pacific Plastic Fabricators, Inc. Buoyant target with laser reflectivity
WO2015196098A1 (fr) * 2014-06-20 2015-12-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dispositif de signal radar gonflable
JP6806061B2 (ja) * 2015-07-24 2021-01-06 日本電気株式会社 反射体
TR201710409A2 (tr) * 2017-07-14 2019-02-21 Tuerkiye Bilimsel Ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu Tuebitak Çok yönlü geri̇ yansimali pasi̇f sahte hedef
US11112490B2 (en) * 2019-04-15 2021-09-07 Argo AI, LLC Apparatus for joint calibration of radar and camera systems for autonomous vehicle applications
RU2767017C1 (ru) * 2021-05-12 2022-03-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем морских технологий Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук (ИПМТ ДВО РАН) Модульный надувной радиолокационный отражатель
US20230064232A1 (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-03-02 Motional Ad Llc Universal calibration targets and calibration spaces

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006019170A1 (de) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-25 Haindl Kunststoffverarbeitung Gmbh Schifffahrtszeichen
DE102006019170B4 (de) * 2006-04-21 2008-05-29 Haindl Kunststoffverarbeitung Gmbh Schifffahrtszeichen
DE102011120929A1 (de) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Schutzsystem, insbesondere für Schiffe, gegen radargelenkte Bedrohungen
WO2013087522A1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh, Patente Système de protection, en particulier pour navires, contre des menaces guidées par radar

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0182274A3 (en) 1987-05-06
US4673934A (en) 1987-06-16
DE3570952D1 (en) 1989-07-13
EP0182274A2 (fr) 1986-05-28
ATE43937T1 (de) 1989-06-15

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