EP0181045B1 - Distributeur de combustible dans un réacteur pour gazéifier du combustible solide granuleux - Google Patents

Distributeur de combustible dans un réacteur pour gazéifier du combustible solide granuleux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0181045B1
EP0181045B1 EP85201792A EP85201792A EP0181045B1 EP 0181045 B1 EP0181045 B1 EP 0181045B1 EP 85201792 A EP85201792 A EP 85201792A EP 85201792 A EP85201792 A EP 85201792A EP 0181045 B1 EP0181045 B1 EP 0181045B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pipe
reactor
fixed bed
distributor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85201792A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0181045A2 (fr
EP0181045A3 (en
Inventor
Gert Schuster
Helmut Dr. Vierrath
Hans Küpfer
Heinz Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0181045A2 publication Critical patent/EP0181045A2/fr
Publication of EP0181045A3 publication Critical patent/EP0181045A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0181045B1 publication Critical patent/EP0181045B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/36—Moving parts inside the gasification reactor not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactor for gasifying solid, granular fuels with grain sizes in the range of about 2 to 80 mm under a pressure of 5 to 150 bar with gasifying agents containing oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the fuels forming a fixed bed in the reactor slowly moves downwards, into which the gasification agents are introduced from below and under which the incombustible mineral constituents are extracted as solid ash or liquid slag, with a rotatable distributor arranged above the fixed bed with at least one fuel outlet directed towards the fixed bed and one over the distributor arranged lock for supplying fuel to the distributor.
  • These distributors have outlet channels for the fuel, the front area (viewed in the direction of rotation) is usually somewhat lower than the rear area. It can happen that the front area of the channel plows through the fuel placed on the fixed bed and partially pushes the fuel to the side if faults prevent the fixed bed from falling continuously. By pushing the fuel aside, if malfunctions prevent the fixed bed of fuel from sinking continuously, new fuel can continuously flow onto the fixed bed. In the event of longer interruptions in the gasification process, the reactor is filled with fresh fuel in an undesirable manner.
  • the invention has for its object to design the outlet of the fuel distributor so that a trouble-free supply of fresh fuel to the fixed bed is guaranteed during normal gasification operation and then, when the fixed bed does not drop temporarily, fresh fuel no longer in disruptive quantities from the distributor to the Fixed bed can flow.
  • the fuel outlet is designed as a tube, the outlet end of which has an arcuate cutout on both sides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tube, through which the fuel flows out approximately perpendicularly to the direction of movement.
  • the fuel flows out preferably in the region of the rear end of the outlet channel if the fixed bed does not move down in the event of a fault, which has led to the difficulties already mentioned.
  • Each of the two cutouts at the outlet end of the tube preferably has a cutting plane which forms an angle X of approximately 25 to 50 ° and preferably 30 to 45 ° to the horizontal. It is best to choose the angle so that it is smaller than the angle of repose of the bulk material.
  • the outlet of the tube should preferably have approximately the same height at the front and rear, as seen in the direction of movement. In this way it is ensured that if the fixed fuel bed does not sink when the fuel distributor continues to rotate, no fuel will continue to be supplied to the fixed bed.
  • An advantageous embodiment consists in forming the two cutouts approximately symmetrically to the central plane of the tube, which runs vertically and is perpendicular to the direction of movement. Investigations have also shown that the height of the tube should be at least twice the tube diameter and at most about four times this diameter in order to enable the fuel to run through the tube without problems during normal operation without the risk of caking in the tube.
  • the gasification reactor 1 has a water-cooled double jacket 2, a vent 3 for product gas and at the upper end a lock 4 for filling fuel.
  • the valve 5 When the valve 5 is open, the fresh fuel flows into the reactor 1 and first reaches the rotatable fuel distributor 6, the bed being delimited by a stationary cylindrical wall 7.
  • the distributor 6 hangs on a central shaft 8, which is mounted on a bearing ring 9.
  • the ring 9 is connected to the housing of the reactor 1 by individual struts 10.
  • the rotating drive of the distributor 6 is carried out by a pinion 11, which a shaft 12 is connected to a motor, not shown, located outside the reactor.
  • the pinion 11 engages in a ring gear which is located on the outer edge 6a of the plate-like distributor 6.
  • the distributor 6 has two outlet pipes 15 and 15 a, whereby in some circumstances only one pipe is sufficient or the number of outlet pipes can be even larger if necessary.
  • the granular fuel held as a bed 16 above the distributor 6 flows continuously when the distributor 6 is rotated through the pipes 15 and 15 a, which do not contain any shut-off devices, down to the fixed bed 17, of which only the uppermost region is shown.
  • the gasification agents are passed from bottom to top through the fixed bed, and product gas leaves the reactor through the fume hood 3. Details of this have been omitted in the drawing for simplification.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 An outlet pipe 15 is shown enlarged in FIGS. 2 and 3; Fig. 2 shows the view in the direction of arrow A, cf. 1, seen and FIG. 3 shows the view of the tube of FIG. 2 rotated through 90 °. The tube of FIG. 3 is seen against the direction of movement which results when the distributor 6 is rotated. This direction of movement is indicated in FIG. 2 by the arrow 18.
  • Fig. 2 shows an arcuate cutout 19 at the lower end of the tube 15, which by an oblique section, cf. in Fig. 3 the dashed line 20, can be thought of.
  • the outlet end of the tube 15 has two such cutouts 19 and 19 a, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the distributor 6 is rotated, with each tube 15, 15 a moving in the direction of the arrow 18 (see FIG. 2), the granular fuel flows down and to the side from the tube on both sides, as in FIG. 3 is indicated by the arrows 21 and 22.
  • the front outlet area 23 and the rear outlet area 24 are at the same height and the entire outlet area is formed approximately symmetrically to the central plane B, which is shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 .
  • the more deviated from this symmetrical design to the central plane B the more the run-off end can move the fuels deposited on the fixed bed 17 during the previous rotation of the distributor 6 to the side when moving in the direction of the arrow 18 and thus also space for the inflow of fresh fuel then do when the fixed bed has not dropped in the meantime.
  • this is not desirable and can lead to overfilling of the reactor over a long period of time, while the gasification in the fixed bed is omitted due to disturbances.
  • Fig. 3 the sectional plane 20 is shown, through which the cutout 19 may have been thought.
  • This section plane is at an angle X to the horizontal plane 25, the angle X usually being in the range from 25 to 50 ° .
  • the total height of the tube 15 is preferably at least twice and usually up to four times the diameter of the tube. This ensures that caking in the tube 15 is avoided as much as possible even during normal operation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Réacteur pour gazéifier du combustible solide granuleux ayant une granulométrie comprise entre environ 2 et 80 mm, sous une pression comprise entre 5 et 150 bars au moyen d'agents de gazéification contenant de l'oxygène, de la vapeur d'eau et/ou du dioxyde de carbone, le combustible formant un lit fixe dans le réacteur, ledit lit fixe se dirigeant lentement vers le bas, dans lequel on introduit les agents de gazéification par le bas et en dessous duquel on retire les constituants minéraux incombustibles sous forme de cendres solides ou de scories liquides, ledit réacteur comportant un distributeur pivotant disposé au-dessus du lit fixe et ayant au moins une évacuation de combustible dirigée vers le lit fixe, et un sas disposé au-dessus du distributeur pour l'alimentation du combustible sur le distributeur, caractérisé en ce que l'évacuation du combustible consiste en un tube, dont l'extrémité de sortie présente, des deux côtés du tube, verticalement par rapport à la directon de déplacement de celui-ci, chaque fois une découpe courbée, à travers laquelle le combustible s'écoule verticalement par rapport à la direction de déplacement.
2. Réacteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la découpe comporte un plan de coupe formant un angle X compris entre environ 25 et 50° par rapport à l'horizontale.
3. Réacteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la sortie d'évacuation du tube présente environ la même hauteur à l'avant et à l'arrière, par rapport au sens de déplacement.
4. Réacteur selon la revendication 1 ou l'une des revendications suivantes, caractérisé en ce que les deux découpes sont disposées de manière environ symétrique par rapport au plan médian du tube qui s'étend vertcalement et perpendiculairement à la direction du déplacement.
5. Réacteur selon la revendication 1 ou l'une des revendications suivantes, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur du tube est égal à au moins deux fois le diamètre du tube.
EP85201792A 1984-11-07 1985-11-05 Distributeur de combustible dans un réacteur pour gazéifier du combustible solide granuleux Expired EP0181045B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843440618 DE3440618A1 (de) 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 Brennstoffverteiler in einem reaktor zum vergasen fester, koerniger brennstoffe
DE3440618 1984-11-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0181045A2 EP0181045A2 (fr) 1986-05-14
EP0181045A3 EP0181045A3 (en) 1987-02-04
EP0181045B1 true EP0181045B1 (fr) 1989-01-25

Family

ID=6249691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85201792A Expired EP0181045B1 (fr) 1984-11-07 1985-11-05 Distributeur de combustible dans un réacteur pour gazéifier du combustible solide granuleux

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4643739A (fr)
EP (1) EP0181045B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61115995A (fr)
AU (1) AU572771B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE3440618A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES296319Y (fr)
ZA (1) ZA858581B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4764184A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-08-16 Sasol Operations (Proprietary) Limited Apparatus for the gasification of coal
US5618321A (en) * 1994-09-15 1997-04-08 Thermal Technologies, Inc. Pyrolysis gasifier with inner sleeve member
FI123030B (fi) * 2008-11-24 2012-10-15 Gasek Oy Myötävirtakaasutin

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR850306A (fr) * 1938-02-25 1939-12-14 An Forni Ed Impianti Ind Soc Appareil pour le chargement de gazogènes
FR1019852A (fr) * 1950-06-08 1953-01-27 Sarl Heurtey & Cie Distributeur de combustible solide pulvérulent
US2925334A (en) * 1955-06-17 1960-02-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Pressure closure valve
DE1545461A1 (de) * 1966-05-20 1970-01-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von ueberwiegend Kohlenmonoxyd und bzw. oder Wasserstoff enthaltenden Gasen aus festen Brennstoffen
DE2212700C2 (de) * 1972-03-16 1982-07-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines methanreichen, mit Erdgas austauschbaren Gases
DE2352900C2 (de) * 1973-10-22 1975-11-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Reaktor zum Vergasen von Kohlen unter Druck
GB1512677A (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-06-01 British Gas Corp Quench chambers in coal gasification plant
GB1507905A (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-04-19 British Gas Corp Removal of slag from coal gasification plant
DE2607742C2 (de) * 1976-02-26 1983-03-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Reaktor zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe, insbesondere Kohle, unter erhöhtem Druck
GB1508671A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-04-26 British Gas Corp Coal gasification plant
DE3032949A1 (de) * 1980-09-02 1982-04-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufgeben fester brennstoffe in die festbett-vergasung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3567904D1 (en) 1989-03-02
US4643739A (en) 1987-02-17
ZA858581B (en) 1987-07-29
DE3440618A1 (de) 1986-05-07
AU4934885A (en) 1986-05-15
AU572771B2 (en) 1988-05-12
EP0181045A2 (fr) 1986-05-14
ES296319U (es) 1987-08-01
ES296319Y (es) 1988-02-16
JPS61115995A (ja) 1986-06-03
EP0181045A3 (en) 1987-02-04

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