EP0181045B1 - Fuel distributing device in a reactor for gasifying solid granulated fuel - Google Patents

Fuel distributing device in a reactor for gasifying solid granulated fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0181045B1
EP0181045B1 EP85201792A EP85201792A EP0181045B1 EP 0181045 B1 EP0181045 B1 EP 0181045B1 EP 85201792 A EP85201792 A EP 85201792A EP 85201792 A EP85201792 A EP 85201792A EP 0181045 B1 EP0181045 B1 EP 0181045B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pipe
reactor
fixed bed
distributor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85201792A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0181045A3 (en
EP0181045A2 (en
Inventor
Gert Schuster
Helmut Dr. Vierrath
Hans Küpfer
Heinz Wolf
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0181045A2 publication Critical patent/EP0181045A2/en
Publication of EP0181045A3 publication Critical patent/EP0181045A3/en
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Publication of EP0181045B1 publication Critical patent/EP0181045B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/36—Moving parts inside the gasification reactor not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactor for gasifying solid, granular fuels with grain sizes in the range of about 2 to 80 mm under a pressure of 5 to 150 bar with gasifying agents containing oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the fuels forming a fixed bed in the reactor slowly moves downwards, into which the gasification agents are introduced from below and under which the incombustible mineral constituents are extracted as solid ash or liquid slag, with a rotatable distributor arranged above the fixed bed with at least one fuel outlet directed towards the fixed bed and one over the distributor arranged lock for supplying fuel to the distributor.
  • These distributors have outlet channels for the fuel, the front area (viewed in the direction of rotation) is usually somewhat lower than the rear area. It can happen that the front area of the channel plows through the fuel placed on the fixed bed and partially pushes the fuel to the side if faults prevent the fixed bed from falling continuously. By pushing the fuel aside, if malfunctions prevent the fixed bed of fuel from sinking continuously, new fuel can continuously flow onto the fixed bed. In the event of longer interruptions in the gasification process, the reactor is filled with fresh fuel in an undesirable manner.
  • the invention has for its object to design the outlet of the fuel distributor so that a trouble-free supply of fresh fuel to the fixed bed is guaranteed during normal gasification operation and then, when the fixed bed does not drop temporarily, fresh fuel no longer in disruptive quantities from the distributor to the Fixed bed can flow.
  • the fuel outlet is designed as a tube, the outlet end of which has an arcuate cutout on both sides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tube, through which the fuel flows out approximately perpendicularly to the direction of movement.
  • the fuel flows out preferably in the region of the rear end of the outlet channel if the fixed bed does not move down in the event of a fault, which has led to the difficulties already mentioned.
  • Each of the two cutouts at the outlet end of the tube preferably has a cutting plane which forms an angle X of approximately 25 to 50 ° and preferably 30 to 45 ° to the horizontal. It is best to choose the angle so that it is smaller than the angle of repose of the bulk material.
  • the outlet of the tube should preferably have approximately the same height at the front and rear, as seen in the direction of movement. In this way it is ensured that if the fixed fuel bed does not sink when the fuel distributor continues to rotate, no fuel will continue to be supplied to the fixed bed.
  • An advantageous embodiment consists in forming the two cutouts approximately symmetrically to the central plane of the tube, which runs vertically and is perpendicular to the direction of movement. Investigations have also shown that the height of the tube should be at least twice the tube diameter and at most about four times this diameter in order to enable the fuel to run through the tube without problems during normal operation without the risk of caking in the tube.
  • the gasification reactor 1 has a water-cooled double jacket 2, a vent 3 for product gas and at the upper end a lock 4 for filling fuel.
  • the valve 5 When the valve 5 is open, the fresh fuel flows into the reactor 1 and first reaches the rotatable fuel distributor 6, the bed being delimited by a stationary cylindrical wall 7.
  • the distributor 6 hangs on a central shaft 8, which is mounted on a bearing ring 9.
  • the ring 9 is connected to the housing of the reactor 1 by individual struts 10.
  • the rotating drive of the distributor 6 is carried out by a pinion 11, which a shaft 12 is connected to a motor, not shown, located outside the reactor.
  • the pinion 11 engages in a ring gear which is located on the outer edge 6a of the plate-like distributor 6.
  • the distributor 6 has two outlet pipes 15 and 15 a, whereby in some circumstances only one pipe is sufficient or the number of outlet pipes can be even larger if necessary.
  • the granular fuel held as a bed 16 above the distributor 6 flows continuously when the distributor 6 is rotated through the pipes 15 and 15 a, which do not contain any shut-off devices, down to the fixed bed 17, of which only the uppermost region is shown.
  • the gasification agents are passed from bottom to top through the fixed bed, and product gas leaves the reactor through the fume hood 3. Details of this have been omitted in the drawing for simplification.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 An outlet pipe 15 is shown enlarged in FIGS. 2 and 3; Fig. 2 shows the view in the direction of arrow A, cf. 1, seen and FIG. 3 shows the view of the tube of FIG. 2 rotated through 90 °. The tube of FIG. 3 is seen against the direction of movement which results when the distributor 6 is rotated. This direction of movement is indicated in FIG. 2 by the arrow 18.
  • Fig. 2 shows an arcuate cutout 19 at the lower end of the tube 15, which by an oblique section, cf. in Fig. 3 the dashed line 20, can be thought of.
  • the outlet end of the tube 15 has two such cutouts 19 and 19 a, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the distributor 6 is rotated, with each tube 15, 15 a moving in the direction of the arrow 18 (see FIG. 2), the granular fuel flows down and to the side from the tube on both sides, as in FIG. 3 is indicated by the arrows 21 and 22.
  • the front outlet area 23 and the rear outlet area 24 are at the same height and the entire outlet area is formed approximately symmetrically to the central plane B, which is shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 .
  • the more deviated from this symmetrical design to the central plane B the more the run-off end can move the fuels deposited on the fixed bed 17 during the previous rotation of the distributor 6 to the side when moving in the direction of the arrow 18 and thus also space for the inflow of fresh fuel then do when the fixed bed has not dropped in the meantime.
  • this is not desirable and can lead to overfilling of the reactor over a long period of time, while the gasification in the fixed bed is omitted due to disturbances.
  • Fig. 3 the sectional plane 20 is shown, through which the cutout 19 may have been thought.
  • This section plane is at an angle X to the horizontal plane 25, the angle X usually being in the range from 25 to 50 ° .
  • the total height of the tube 15 is preferably at least twice and usually up to four times the diameter of the tube. This ensures that caking in the tube 15 is avoided as much as possible even during normal operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor zum Vergasen fester, körniger Brennstoffe mit Korngrößen im Bereich von etwa 2 bis 80 mm unter einem Druck von 5 bis 150 bar mit Sauerstoff, Wasserdampf und/oder Kohlendioxid enthaltenden Vergasungsmitteln, wobei die Brennstoffe im Reaktor ein Festbett bilden, das sich langsam nach unten bewegt, in das man die Vergasungsmittel von unten einleitet und unter dem man die unverbrennlichen mineralischen Bestandteile als feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke abzieht, mit einem über dem Festbett angeordneten drehbaren Verteiler mit mindestens einem auf das Festbett gerichteten Brennstoffauslauf und mit einer über dem Verteiler angeordneten Schleuse zum Zuführen von Brennstoff auf den Verteiler.The invention relates to a reactor for gasifying solid, granular fuels with grain sizes in the range of about 2 to 80 mm under a pressure of 5 to 150 bar with gasifying agents containing oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the fuels forming a fixed bed in the reactor slowly moves downwards, into which the gasification agents are introduced from below and under which the incombustible mineral constituents are extracted as solid ash or liquid slag, with a rotatable distributor arranged above the fixed bed with at least one fuel outlet directed towards the fixed bed and one over the distributor arranged lock for supplying fuel to the distributor.

Die Vergasung fester Brennstoffe, insbesondere Kohle oder Braunkohle, ist bekannt und z. B. in Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage (1977), Band 14, Seiten 383 bis 386, dargestellt. Einzelheiten des Vergasungsverfahrens mit festbleibender Asche sind US-A-3 540 867 und US-A-3 854 895 zu entnehmen. Die Verfahrensvariante mit Abzug flüssiger Schlacke ist in GB-A-1 507 905, GB-A-1 508 671 und GB-A-1 512 677 erläutert. In DE-C-2 352 900 und DE-A-3 032 949 sowie den dazu korrespondierenden US-A-3 902 872 und US-A-4 405 340 sind Vergasungsreaktoren mit Brennstoffverteilern der eingangs genannten Art beschrieben. Diese Verteiler besitzen Auslaufkanäle für den Brennstoff, deren vorderer Bereich (in Drehrichtung gesehen) üblicherweise etwas tiefer liegt als der hintere Bereich. Dabei kann es geschehen, daß der vordere Bereich des Kanals durch den auf das Festbett abgelegten Brennstoff pflügt und den Brennstoff teilweise zur Seite schiebt, wenn Störungen ein kontinuierliches Absinken des Festbettes verhindern. Durch dieses Beiseiteschieben des Brennstoffes kann dann, wenn Störungen ein kontinuierliches Absinken des Brennstoff-Festbettes verhindern, ständig neuer Brennstoff auf das Festbett fließen. Bei länger dauernden Unterbrechungen des Vergasungsprozesses füllt sich dabei der Reaktor mit frischem Brennstoff in unerwünschter Weise immer mehr an.The gasification of solid fuels, especially coal or lignite, is known and z. B. in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition (1977), Volume 14, pages 383 to 386. Details of the solid ash gasification process can be found in US-A-3 540 867 and US-A-3 854 895. The process variant with removal of liquid slag is explained in GB-A-1 507 905, GB-A-1 508 671 and GB-A-1 512 677. DE-C-2 352 900 and DE-A-3 032 949 and the corresponding US-A-3 902 872 and US-A-4 405 340 describe gasification reactors with fuel distributors of the type mentioned at the beginning. These distributors have outlet channels for the fuel, the front area (viewed in the direction of rotation) is usually somewhat lower than the rear area. It can happen that the front area of the channel plows through the fuel placed on the fixed bed and partially pushes the fuel to the side if faults prevent the fixed bed from falling continuously. By pushing the fuel aside, if malfunctions prevent the fixed bed of fuel from sinking continuously, new fuel can continuously flow onto the fixed bed. In the event of longer interruptions in the gasification process, the reactor is filled with fresh fuel in an undesirable manner.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Auslauf des Brennstoffverteilers so auszubilden, daß beim normalen Vergasungsbetrieb eine störungsfreie Zufuhr von frischem Brennstoff auf das Festbett gewährleistet ist und dann, wenn das Festbett zeitweise nicht absinkt, frischer Brennstoff nicht mehr in störender Menge vom Verteiler auf das Festbett fließen kann. Erfindungsgemäß gelingt dies dadurch, daß der Brennstoffauslauf als Rohr ausgebildet ist, dessen Auslaufende senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Rohres an beiden Seiten je einen bogenförmigen Ausschnitt aufweist, durch den der Brennstoff etwa senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung ausfließt. Bei den bekannten Auslaufkanälen fließt im Gegensatz hierzu der Brennstoff bevorzugt im Bereich des hinteren Endes des Auslaufkanals aus, wenn sich im Störungsfall das Festbett nicht nach unten bewegt, was zu den bereits erwähnten Schwierigkeiten geführt hat.The invention has for its object to design the outlet of the fuel distributor so that a trouble-free supply of fresh fuel to the fixed bed is guaranteed during normal gasification operation and then, when the fixed bed does not drop temporarily, fresh fuel no longer in disruptive quantities from the distributor to the Fixed bed can flow. This is achieved according to the invention in that the fuel outlet is designed as a tube, the outlet end of which has an arcuate cutout on both sides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tube, through which the fuel flows out approximately perpendicularly to the direction of movement. In the known outlet channels, in contrast, the fuel flows out preferably in the region of the rear end of the outlet channel if the fixed bed does not move down in the event of a fault, which has led to the difficulties already mentioned.

Bevorzugt weist jeder der beiden Ausschnitte am Auslaufende des Rohres eine Schnittebene auf, die zur Horizontalen einen Winkel X von etwa 25 bis 50° und vorzugsweise 30 bis 45° bildet. Am besten wählt man den Winkel so aus, daß er kleiner ist als der Böschungswinkel des Schüttgutes. Das Auslaufen des Rohres soll vorzugsweise, in Bewegungsrichtung gesehen, vorn und hinten etwa die gleiche Höhe aufweisen. Auf diese Weise ist gesichert, daß bei einem verhinderten Absinken des Brennstoff-Festbettes beim Weiterdrehen des Brennstoffverteilers kein Brennstoff weiterhin dem Festbett zugeführt wird.Each of the two cutouts at the outlet end of the tube preferably has a cutting plane which forms an angle X of approximately 25 to 50 ° and preferably 30 to 45 ° to the horizontal. It is best to choose the angle so that it is smaller than the angle of repose of the bulk material. The outlet of the tube should preferably have approximately the same height at the front and rear, as seen in the direction of movement. In this way it is ensured that if the fixed fuel bed does not sink when the fuel distributor continues to rotate, no fuel will continue to be supplied to the fixed bed.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung besteht darin, die beiden Ausschnitte etwa symmetrisch zur Mittelebene des Rohres, die vertikal verläuft und senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung steht, auszubilden. Untersuchungen haben ferner gezeigt, daß die Höhe des Rohres mindestens das Zweifache des Rohrdurchmessers und höchstens etwa das Vierfache dieses Durchmessers betragen soll, um im Normalbetrieb ein störungsfreies Ablaufen des Brennstoff durch das Rohr zu ermöglichen, ohne daß die Gefahr von Anbackungen im Rohr besteht.An advantageous embodiment consists in forming the two cutouts approximately symmetrically to the central plane of the tube, which runs vertically and is perpendicular to the direction of movement. Investigations have also shown that the height of the tube should be at least twice the tube diameter and at most about four times this diameter in order to enable the fuel to run through the tube without problems during normal operation without the risk of caking in the tube.

Einzelheiten der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung des Brennstoffauslaufs werden mit Hilfe der Zeichnung erläutert.Details of the configuration of the fuel outlet according to the invention are explained with the aid of the drawing.

Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1: in schematischer Darstellung einen Längsschnitt durch den oberen Bereich des Vergasungsreaktors mit dem Brennstoffverteiler,
  • Fig. 2: in vergrößerter Darstellung die Ansicht eines Brennstoffauslaufs, in Richtung des Pfeils A in Fig. 1 gesehen und
  • Fig. 3: das Auslaufrohr der Fig. 2 in einer gegenüber der Fig. 2 um 90° gedrehten Ansicht, d.h. entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des Rohrs gesehen.
It shows:
  • 1: a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the upper region of the gasification reactor with the fuel distributor,
  • Fig. 2: in an enlarged view the view of a fuel outlet, seen in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 1 and
  • 3: the outlet pipe of FIG. 2 in a view rotated by 90 ° with respect to FIG. 2, ie seen against the direction of movement of the pipe.

Der Vergasungsreaktor 1 weist einen wassergekühlten Doppelmantel 2, einen Abzug 3 für Produktgas und am oberen Ende eine Schleuse 4 zum Einfüllen von Brennstoff auf. Bei geöffnetem Ventil 5 fließt der frische Brennstoff in den Reaktor 1 und gelangt zunächst auf den drehbaren Brennstoffverteiler 6, wobei die Schüttung durch eine ortsfeste zylindrische Wand 7 eingegrenzt wird. Der Verteiler 6 hängt an einer zentralen Welle 8, die auf einem Lagerkranz 9 gelagert ist. Der Kranz 9 ist durch einzelne Streben 10 mit dem Gehäuse des Reaktors 1 verbunden. Der drehende Antrieb des Verteilers 6 erfolgt durch ein Ritzel 11, das über eine Welle 12 mit einem nicht dargestellten, außerhalb des Reaktors befindlichen Motor in Verbindung steht. Das Ritzel 11 greift in einen Zahnkranz ein, der sich am äußeren Rand 6a des tellerartigen Verteilers 6 befindet.The gasification reactor 1 has a water-cooled double jacket 2, a vent 3 for product gas and at the upper end a lock 4 for filling fuel. When the valve 5 is open, the fresh fuel flows into the reactor 1 and first reaches the rotatable fuel distributor 6, the bed being delimited by a stationary cylindrical wall 7. The distributor 6 hangs on a central shaft 8, which is mounted on a bearing ring 9. The ring 9 is connected to the housing of the reactor 1 by individual struts 10. The rotating drive of the distributor 6 is carried out by a pinion 11, which a shaft 12 is connected to a motor, not shown, located outside the reactor. The pinion 11 engages in a ring gear which is located on the outer edge 6a of the plate-like distributor 6.

Der Verteiler 6 weist zwei Auslaufrohre 15 und 15 a auf, wobei unter Umständen auch nur ein Rohr genügt oder die Zahl der Auslaufrohre bei Bedarf noch größer sein kann. Der als Schüttung 16 über dem Verteiler 6 bereitgehaltene körnige Brennstoff fließt beim Drehen des Verteilers 6 kontinuierlich durch die Rohre 15 und 15 a, die keine Absperrorgane enthalten, nach unten auf das Festbett 17, von dem nur der oberste Bereich dargestellt ist. In bekannter Weise werden die Vergasungsmittel von unten nach oben durch das Festbett geleitet, und Produktgas verläßt den Reaktor durch den Abzug 3. In der Zeichnung wurden hierzu Einzelheiten zur Vereinfachung weggelassen.The distributor 6 has two outlet pipes 15 and 15 a, whereby in some circumstances only one pipe is sufficient or the number of outlet pipes can be even larger if necessary. The granular fuel held as a bed 16 above the distributor 6 flows continuously when the distributor 6 is rotated through the pipes 15 and 15 a, which do not contain any shut-off devices, down to the fixed bed 17, of which only the uppermost region is shown. In a known manner, the gasification agents are passed from bottom to top through the fixed bed, and product gas leaves the reactor through the fume hood 3. Details of this have been omitted in the drawing for simplification.

Ein Auslaufrohr 15 ist in den Figuren 2 und 3 in Ansicht vergrößert dargestellt; Fig. 2 zeigt die Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils A, vgl. Fig. 1, gesehen und Fig. 3 zeigt die Ansicht des um 90° gedrehten Rohrs der Fig. 2. Das Rohr der Fig. 3 ist entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung, die sich beim Drehen des Verteilers 6 ergibt, gesehen. Diese Bewegungsrichtung ist in Fig. 2 durch den Pfeil 18 angegeben.An outlet pipe 15 is shown enlarged in FIGS. 2 and 3; Fig. 2 shows the view in the direction of arrow A, cf. 1, seen and FIG. 3 shows the view of the tube of FIG. 2 rotated through 90 °. The tube of FIG. 3 is seen against the direction of movement which results when the distributor 6 is rotated. This direction of movement is indicated in FIG. 2 by the arrow 18.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen bogenförmigen Ausschnitt 19 am unteren Ende des Rohrs 15, der durch einen schrägen Schnitt, vgl. in Fig. 3 die gestrichelt eingezeichnete Schnittebene 20, entstanden gedacht werden kann. Das Auslaufende des Rohrs 15 weist zwei solche Ausschnitte 19 und 19 a auf, Wie Fig. 3 zeigt. Beim Drehen des Verteilers 6, wobei sich jedes Rohr 15, 15 a in Richtung des Pfeils 18 (vgl. Fig. 2) bewegt, fließt der körnige Brennstoff zu beiden Seiten aus dem Rohr nach unten und zur Seite, wie das in Fig. 3 durch die Pfeile 21 und 22 angedeutet ist.Fig. 2 shows an arcuate cutout 19 at the lower end of the tube 15, which by an oblique section, cf. in Fig. 3 the dashed line 20, can be thought of. The outlet end of the tube 15 has two such cutouts 19 and 19 a, as shown in FIG. 3. When the distributor 6 is rotated, with each tube 15, 15 a moving in the direction of the arrow 18 (see FIG. 2), the granular fuel flows down and to the side from the tube on both sides, as in FIG. 3 is indicated by the arrows 21 and 22.

Für die optimale Funktionsfähigkeit des Auslaufrohrs 15, 15 a ist es wichtig, daß sich der vordere Auslaufbereich 23 und der hintere Auslaufbereich 24 auf gleicher Höhe befinden und der ganze Auslaufbereich etwa symmetrisch zur Mittelebene B, die in Fig. 2 strichpunktiert eingezeichnet ist, ausgebildet ist. Je mehr von dieser symmetrischen Ausbildung zur Mittelebene B abgewichen wird, umso mehr kann das Aublaufende beim Bewegen in Richtung des Pfeils 18 die bei der vorausgegangenen Umdrehung des Verteilers 6 auf das Festbett 17 abgelegten Brennstoffe zur Seite schieben und damit Platz für das Nachfließen frischen Brennstoffs auch dann machen, wenn sich das Festbett inzwischen nicht gesenkt hat. Wie bereits erläutert, ist dies nicht erwünscht und kann über einen längeren Zeitraum, währenddem durch Störungen die Vergasung im Festbett unterbleibt, zum Überfüllen des Reaktors führen.For the optimal functionality of the outlet pipe 15, 15 a, it is important that the front outlet area 23 and the rear outlet area 24 are at the same height and the entire outlet area is formed approximately symmetrically to the central plane B, which is shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 . The more deviated from this symmetrical design to the central plane B, the more the run-off end can move the fuels deposited on the fixed bed 17 during the previous rotation of the distributor 6 to the side when moving in the direction of the arrow 18 and thus also space for the inflow of fresh fuel then do when the fixed bed has not dropped in the meantime. As already explained, this is not desirable and can lead to overfilling of the reactor over a long period of time, while the gasification in the fixed bed is omitted due to disturbances.

In Fig. 3 ist die Schnittebene 20 dargestellt, durch die der Ausschnitt 19 entstanden gedacht sein kann. Diese Schnittebene steht in einem Winkel X zur Horizontalebene 25, wobei der Winkel X üblicherweise im Bereich von 25 bis 500 liegt. Es ist möglich, daß die beiden Ausschnitte 19 und 19a eines Rohrs 15 unterschiedliche Schnittwinkel X aufweisen. Die Gesamthöhe des Rohrs 15 beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens das Zweifache und üblicherweise bis zum Vierfachen des Durchmessers des Rohres. Dadurch wird dafür gesorgt, daß auch während des Normalbetriebs Anbackungen im Rohr 15 möglichst vermieden werden.In Fig. 3 the sectional plane 20 is shown, through which the cutout 19 may have been thought. This section plane is at an angle X to the horizontal plane 25, the angle X usually being in the range from 25 to 50 ° . It is possible that the two cutouts 19 and 19a of a tube 15 have different cutting angles X. The total height of the tube 15 is preferably at least twice and usually up to four times the diameter of the tube. This ensures that caking in the tube 15 is avoided as much as possible even during normal operation.

Claims (5)

1. Reactor for gasifying solid granular fuels with grain sizes in the range of about 2 to 80 mm at a pressure of 5 to 150 bar using gasification agents containing oxygen, water vapour and/or carbon dioxide, the fuels in the reactor forming a fixed bed, which moves slowly downwards, into which the gasification agents are introduced from below and beneath which the non- combustible mineral constituents are removed as solid ash or liguid slag, with a rotary distributor arranged above the fixed bed with at least one fuel outlet directed toward the fixed bed and with a lock chamber arranged above the distributor for supplying fuel to the distributor, characterised in that the fuel outlet is formed as a pipe, the outlet end of which has an arc-shaped cutout on both sides at right angles to the direction of movement of the pipe, through which cutouts the fuel flows out approximately at right angles to the direction of movement.
2. Reactor according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cutout has a sectional plane which forms an angle X of about 25 to 50° to the horizontal.
3. Reactor according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the outlet end of the pipe, viewed in the direction of movement, has about the same height behind and in front.
4. Reactor according to Claim 1 or one of the following, characterised in that both cutouts are formed approximately symmetrically to the central plane of the pipe, which runs vertically and is perpendicular to the direction of movement.
5. Reactor according to Claim 1 or one of the following, characterised in that the height of the pipe is at least twice the pipe diameter.
EP85201792A 1984-11-07 1985-11-05 Fuel distributing device in a reactor for gasifying solid granulated fuel Expired EP0181045B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843440618 DE3440618A1 (en) 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 FUEL DISTRIBUTOR IN A REACTOR FOR GASIFYING SOLID, GRAINED FUELS
DE3440618 1984-11-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0181045A2 EP0181045A2 (en) 1986-05-14
EP0181045A3 EP0181045A3 (en) 1987-02-04
EP0181045B1 true EP0181045B1 (en) 1989-01-25

Family

ID=6249691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85201792A Expired EP0181045B1 (en) 1984-11-07 1985-11-05 Fuel distributing device in a reactor for gasifying solid granulated fuel

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4643739A (en)
EP (1) EP0181045B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61115995A (en)
AU (1) AU572771B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3440618A1 (en)
ES (1) ES296319Y (en)
ZA (1) ZA858581B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4764184A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-08-16 Sasol Operations (Proprietary) Limited Apparatus for the gasification of coal
US5618321A (en) * 1994-09-15 1997-04-08 Thermal Technologies, Inc. Pyrolysis gasifier with inner sleeve member
FI123030B (en) * 2008-11-24 2012-10-15 Gasek Oy Myötävirtakaasutin

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR850306A (en) * 1938-02-25 1939-12-14 An Forni Ed Impianti Ind Soc Device for charging gasifiers
FR1019852A (en) * 1950-06-08 1953-01-27 Sarl Heurtey & Cie Powder solid fuel dispenser
US2925334A (en) * 1955-06-17 1960-02-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Pressure closure valve
DE1545461A1 (en) * 1966-05-20 1970-01-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for the production of mainly carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen containing gases from solid fuels
DE2212700C2 (en) * 1972-03-16 1982-07-08 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Process for producing a methane-rich gas that is exchangeable with natural gas
DE2352900C2 (en) * 1973-10-22 1975-11-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Reactor for gasifying coals under pressure
GB1512677A (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-06-01 British Gas Corp Quench chambers in coal gasification plant
GB1507905A (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-04-19 British Gas Corp Removal of slag from coal gasification plant
DE2607742C2 (en) * 1976-02-26 1983-03-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Reactor for gasifying solid fuels, especially coal, under increased pressure
GB1508671A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-04-26 British Gas Corp Coal gasification plant
DE3032949A1 (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-04-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DELIVERING SOLID FUELS IN THE FIXED BED GASIFICATION

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES296319U (en) 1987-08-01
ES296319Y (en) 1988-02-16
DE3567904D1 (en) 1989-03-02
EP0181045A3 (en) 1987-02-04
US4643739A (en) 1987-02-17
DE3440618A1 (en) 1986-05-07
AU4934885A (en) 1986-05-15
AU572771B2 (en) 1988-05-12
EP0181045A2 (en) 1986-05-14
JPS61115995A (en) 1986-06-03
ZA858581B (en) 1987-07-29

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