EP0173755A1 - Dispositif d'étirage dans une presse - Google Patents

Dispositif d'étirage dans une presse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0173755A1
EP0173755A1 EP84107551A EP84107551A EP0173755A1 EP 0173755 A1 EP0173755 A1 EP 0173755A1 EP 84107551 A EP84107551 A EP 84107551A EP 84107551 A EP84107551 A EP 84107551A EP 0173755 A1 EP0173755 A1 EP 0173755A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
sheet metal
metal holder
cylinder
cheek
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84107551A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0173755B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Schneider
Peter Pfeifle
Wolfgang Michael
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L Schuler GmbH
Original Assignee
L Schuler GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L Schuler GmbH filed Critical L Schuler GmbH
Priority to DE8484107551T priority Critical patent/DE3476524D1/de
Priority to EP84107551A priority patent/EP0173755B1/fr
Priority to US06/743,080 priority patent/US4601190A/en
Priority to BR8503119A priority patent/BR8503119A/pt
Publication of EP0173755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0173755A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0173755B1 publication Critical patent/EP0173755B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
    • B21D24/04—Blank holders; Mounting means therefor
    • B21D24/08—Pneumatically or hydraulically loaded blank holders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drawing device in a press, with a pressure cheek that is adjustably mounted in the press table and can be moved via at least one printing unit, and with a number of pressure cylinders for holding the drawing workpiece that cooperate with the parts of the sheet metal holder and the parts of the sheet metal holder Drawing tool parts and, if necessary, for ejecting the drawing workpiece to be deformed in the drawing tool parts.
  • Devices of this type are generally known in presses and e.g. Can be used in the drawing stage of a transfer press.
  • DE-OS 28 24 723 describes a method for forming the edge flange in angled corners in drawing workpieces, a drawing tool and a sheet metal holder therefor, the sheet metal holder acting with graduated holding force on the drawing workpiece to avoid material accumulations due to contraction during the drawing process.
  • DE-PS 32 02 134 describes a pulling device for a press which has a pressure cheek which can be moved in the press table.
  • the pressure cheek is located below a clamping plate for the lower part of the tool and is in a frame-fixed print cylinder supported.
  • a number of pressure cylinders, which act on the ejector pins in the lower part of the tool via a pin plate, are arranged with the pressure cheek. The pressure cheek is lowered due to the pulling process over the pin plate and the ejector pins.
  • the piston of the pressure cylinder in the sense of an ejector for drawing the workpiece to be low, however, applied to the same pressure for all the printing cylinder while the ram beam being pneumatically in the traversed downward position ehal- g th.
  • the pressure cheek retracts with a time delay to act on the pin plate at the start of the next drawing process.
  • DE-OS 32 42 705 describes a die cushion for a sheet metal drawing press with a number of pressure cylinders permanently installed in the press table, the working pistons of which act together on a pressure cheek at spaced-apart pressure points.
  • the pressure in each pressure cylinder can be adjusted to differing pressure levels via pilot control units.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the pressure cylinders cooperating with the pressure cheek and with the sheet holder are rigidly fastened to the cylinder housings in the press table for the operating state, the cylinder spaces are possibly formed by the press table in that the pistons of the pressure cylinders are on both sides Piston rods are led out of the cylinder housings, interact with the sheet metal holder at one end and with the pressure cheek at the other end, and that the cylinder space of each pressure cylinder on the piston side facing away from the sheet metal holder is separated by a flow-variable valve with passive control with one drain, with active control with one Printing unit for the pressure medium is flow-connected.
  • the special embodiment of the invention according to the characterizing part of claim 2 avoids additional control effort.
  • the enlarging cylinder space below the piston of each pressure cylinder fills e.g. from a reservoir located above the pressure cylinder.
  • circuit structure can be hydraulic, pneumatic as well as mixed hydraulic / pneumatic in order to take advantage of e.g. damped starting and stopping of one and the other system while avoiding the disadvantages, e.g. Rust formation due to moisture precipitation.
  • FIGS. 1 and 6 there is a tool upper part with 1 attached to the ram of a press, a press table with 2, a pressure cheek with 3, a first pressure cylinder with 4 fixedly arranged in the press table 2 and others in the press table 2 for the press operation (drawing processes ) fixedly arranged, otherwise interchangeable and / or adjustable in the sense of transverse movements when setting up the drawing tool with 6.
  • the plunger or the tool upper part 1, which can be moved in relation to the press table 2, has an ejector plate 7, which ejects a shaped drawing workpiece 9 via one or more ejector rods 8 during the plunger run-up from the upper tool part 1.
  • the drawing workpiece 9 lies in FIGS.
  • the sheet metal holder 11 is supported by piston rods 13 of the pressure cylinder 6.
  • the housing of the pressure cylinder 6 can also be formed by cavities in the press table 2, taking standard dimensions into account.
  • the piston rods 13 are on both sides of the housing of the Druckzy Linder 6 and on the one hand with the sheet metal holder 11, on the other hand with the pressure cheek 3 in operative connection.
  • the drawing workpiece 9 inserted into the tool from the upper tool part 1 and a lower tool part 12, here drawn as a male part, is to be deformed in the drawing process, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the counter-holding force between the sheet metal holder 11 and the upper part 1 of the tool during the drawing process is applied by the pressure cylinders 6 with appropriate control (FIG. 6).
  • the separate control of each individual pressure cylinder 6 enables an adjustment to deformation-specific conditions, particularly in the corner areas of the drawn parts.
  • the drawing of the drawing workpiece 9 can also take place via separate ejectors 14 according to FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 2 shows the completed molding process, wherein the one ends of the piston rods 13 are guided into the area of the pressure cheek 3 lowered before or during the molding process, but without touching it. Otherwise, the ends of the piston rods 13 can then rest on the pressure cheek 3 if the latter is carried along with the tappet movement.
  • FIG. 3 shows the completed start-up process
  • the drawing workpiece 9 is pressed out of the upper tool part 1 by means of the pressure plate 7 and the ejector rod (s) 8.
  • the pressure cylinder 4 is acted upon by the pump unit 16 (FIG. 6), possibly from a pressure accumulator 31, in order to pull the drawing workpiece 9 via the pressure cheek 3, the piston rods 13 and the sheet metal holder 11 in raise the transport plane for the drawing workpiece 9.
  • FIG. 4 After the sheet metal holder 11 has been raised, the Pressure cylinder 4 reversed in order to lower the pressure cheek 3 via its piston rod 15.
  • pressure cylinder 4 Another possibility provides for the pressure cylinder 4 to be controlled via the multi-way valve 18 shown in FIG. 6 in such a way that the pressure cheek 3 follows the movement of the upper tool part 1.
  • the pressure for raising the pressure cheek 3 can then also be derived from the pressure accumulator 31.
  • Fig. 5 the ejector operation and the lifting of the drawing workpiece 9 in the transport plane are effected separately via e.g. Hydraulic pressure cylinder controllable ejector 14 is shown, the sheet metal holder 11 is to be lifted by means of the pressure cheek 3 regardless of the raising of the drawing workpiece 9 or with a time delay to accommodate a new drawing workpiece 9.
  • Fig. 6 shows a basic circuit structure using the components explained in Figs. 1 to 5 with a pressure unit from a pump unit 16, a pre-pressure unit 17, a multi-way valve 18, which via pipes 19 to the upper and lower pressure chambers 21, 22 of the
  • the first pressure cylinder 4 is connected to selectively pressurize the pressure cylinder 4 in one or the other adjustment direction.
  • the upper pressure chamber 21 is flow-connectable via the multi-way valve 18, the lower pressure chamber 22 via an adjustable safety valve 23 with a pressure relief 25.
  • the upward and downward movements of the piston 24, the piston rod 15 and, via this, the pressure cheek 3 take place by switching the multi-way valve 18 into corresponding switching positions.
  • the lower pressure chambers 26 of the pressure cylinder 6, of which four pressure cylinders are shown, but which are present in number of discrete pressure points on the sheet metal holder 11, are each via a controllable proportional valve 27, which can also be a pressure limiting valve or, for example, a throttle valve, with which Pressure relief 25 connected. Parallel to these proportional valves 27, a common or a non-return valve 28 is connected, which block in the direction of the pressure drain and is fluidly connected to a pressure medium reservoir 29 for filling the lower pressure chambers 26 when the pressure cheek 3 is raised.
  • the upper pressure chambers (not shown in detail) are the pressure cylinders 6 connected to the atmosphere, an internal gas or a pressureless medium during press operation. For the tool change, for example, it is necessary to apply pressure to the upper pressure chambers in order to hold the sheet metal holder 11 or lower the piston rods 13. The lowering process is possible by means of the existing pressure unit or another pressure unit and corresponding control means.
  • the piston rods 13, the pressure cylinder 6 and the sheet metal holder 11 are to be brought into a position corresponding to the transport plane for the drawing workpieces in order to receive a new drawing workpiece 9.
  • the pressure cheek 3 must be raised with the corresponding switching position of the multi-way valve 18 (right switching position) and when the lower pressure chamber 22 is acted upon.
  • pressure fluid flows from the pressure fluid reservoir 29 via the check valves 28 in the bottom, situated under the piston 30 Druckkam - numbers 26 a of the impression cylinder. 6
  • the pressure cheek 3 is then brought into the lower position by switching the multi-way valve 18 (left switching position).
  • the pressure cylinder 6 builds up in the lower pressure chambers 26 a pressure that can be set for each pressure cylinder 6 by means of the proportional valves 27. It is understood that the pulling device is not tied to the vertical position as shown and described. In contrast to the passive control described above, however, active control of the lower pressure chambers 26 of the pressure cylinders 6 is also possible by means of a pressure unit and separately quantity-controlled valves (proportional valves). For a movement sequence of the pressure cheek 3 that is synchronized with the tappet movement, the upper and the lower pressure chamber 21, 22 can optionally be connected to the pressure accumulator 31 or a pressure relief 25.
  • the switch positions of the multi-way valve 18 and a corresponding, pressure-regulating measure of the pump unit 16 have not been shown in particular since they are easy to imagine. It is essential here that the pressure cheek 3 with a lower pressure (n ⁇ 10%) than is required as a counter pressure when pulling, the plunger must be tracked when it is raised.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
EP84107551A 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Dispositif d'étirage dans une presse Expired EP0173755B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8484107551T DE3476524D1 (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Drawing device in a press
EP84107551A EP0173755B1 (fr) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Dispositif d'étirage dans une presse
US06/743,080 US4601190A (en) 1984-06-29 1985-06-10 Drawing installation in a press
BR8503119A BR8503119A (pt) 1984-06-29 1985-06-28 Conjunto de estiragem em uma prensa

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84107551A EP0173755B1 (fr) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Dispositif d'étirage dans une presse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0173755A1 true EP0173755A1 (fr) 1986-03-12
EP0173755B1 EP0173755B1 (fr) 1989-02-01

Family

ID=8192025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84107551A Expired EP0173755B1 (fr) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Dispositif d'étirage dans une presse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4601190A (fr)
EP (1) EP0173755B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8503119A (fr)
DE (1) DE3476524D1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2197813A (en) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-02 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Controlling or adjusting blank holder force during a drawing process
DE3717768A1 (de) * 1987-05-26 1988-12-08 Schuler Gmbh L Zieheinrichtung im pressentisch einer presse
EP0312809A2 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-26 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Presse à double effet pour emboutir d'elements en tôle
EP0312808A2 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-26 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Presse pour emboutir d'elements en tôle
DE3807683A1 (de) * 1988-03-09 1989-09-21 Schuler Gmbh L Ziehapparat in ziehstufen von pressen
US5099673A (en) * 1989-10-10 1992-03-31 L. Schuler Pressen Gmbh Drawing apparatus in drawing stages of presses
FR2667257A1 (fr) * 1990-10-02 1992-04-03 Erfurt Umformtechnik Gmbh Serre-flan hydraulique pour presses a simple effet.
US5138857A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-08-18 Maschinenfabrik Mueller-Weingarten Ag Drawing device in a press for drawing shaped sheet-metal parts
EP0573830A1 (fr) * 1992-06-10 1993-12-15 Umformtechnik ERFURT GmbH Dispositif d'étirage hydraulique dans une presse
EP0596696A1 (fr) * 1992-11-05 1994-05-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler, vérifier ou optimaliser la pression des goupilles des cylindres d'amortissement d'une presse par déchargement du fluide ou de la pression initiale
EP0635320A1 (fr) * 1993-07-24 1995-01-25 Umformtechnik ERFURT GmbH Serre-flan pour presses à simple effet en particulier pour presses mécaniques et presses de transfert
US5457980A (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-10-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and device for controlling, checking or optimizing pressure of cushion pin cylinders of press by discharging fluid or initial pressure
US5471861A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-12-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for diagnosing press cushioning device, on optimum range of blank-holding force
EP0713735A1 (fr) * 1994-11-23 1996-05-29 Umformtechnik ERFURT GmbH Système de compensation de longueur dans un dispositif de serrage entre l'outil supérieur et inférieur d'une presse
US5687598A (en) * 1994-07-15 1997-11-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Press having cushioning cylinders each having two chambers whose pressure difference is adjustable to control blank-holding force
US5701778A (en) * 1994-03-03 1997-12-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Press having gas cylinders of plastically deformable members for even distribution of blank-holding force on pressure member through cushion pins
EP1138406A2 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 FAGOR, S.Coop Presse avec un coussin hydraulique et un système pour regler la force de pression et la position du serre-flan dudit coussin hydraulique

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4112943A1 (de) * 1991-04-20 1992-10-22 Schuler Gmbh L Zieheinrichtung im pressentisch einer presse
FI100646B (fi) * 1995-12-14 1998-01-30 Balaxman Oy Menetelmä levytyökeskuksessa ja levytyökeskus
DE102007005011B4 (de) * 2007-02-01 2012-09-06 Saeta Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Ziehwerkzeug zum Tiefziehen von Rohlingen aus Blechmaterial zu flanschlosen Formlingen
KR101545364B1 (ko) * 2007-10-01 2015-08-18 인벤티오 아게 딥 드로잉 장치

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1562988A (en) * 1922-11-02 1925-11-24 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Power press
US1625991A (en) * 1922-10-21 1927-04-26 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Blank-holding means
US1664485A (en) * 1927-04-15 1928-04-03 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Hydraulic cushion for sheet-metal presses
US2243986A (en) * 1935-11-05 1941-06-03 French Oil Mill Machinery Method of drawing metal blanks
US3914978A (en) * 1974-06-06 1975-10-28 Vyzk Ustav Tvarecich Stroju Lower blankholder for sheet-forming mechanical presses
DE2824723A1 (de) * 1978-06-06 1979-12-13 Uniplanung Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum anziehen eines randflansches mit wenigstens einer raeumlichen ecke bei ziehteilen aus chrom-nickelstahlblechen und werkzeug dafuer
FR2520271A1 (fr) * 1982-01-23 1983-07-29 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Dispositif pneumatique de soulevement de pieces faconnees, muni d'une jumelle de pression guidee dans la table de presse
DE3242705A1 (de) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-24 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG, 7987 Weingarten Drucklufteinrichtung im pressentisch

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3530702A (en) * 1967-08-29 1970-09-29 Reynolds Metals Co Extruding method and apparatus and parts therefor
US4309888A (en) * 1976-07-22 1982-01-12 Kraftco Corporation Apparatus for forming a container pan

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1625991A (en) * 1922-10-21 1927-04-26 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Blank-holding means
US1562988A (en) * 1922-11-02 1925-11-24 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Power press
US1664485A (en) * 1927-04-15 1928-04-03 Marquette Tool & Mfg Co Hydraulic cushion for sheet-metal presses
US2243986A (en) * 1935-11-05 1941-06-03 French Oil Mill Machinery Method of drawing metal blanks
US3914978A (en) * 1974-06-06 1975-10-28 Vyzk Ustav Tvarecich Stroju Lower blankholder for sheet-forming mechanical presses
DE2824723A1 (de) * 1978-06-06 1979-12-13 Uniplanung Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum anziehen eines randflansches mit wenigstens einer raeumlichen ecke bei ziehteilen aus chrom-nickelstahlblechen und werkzeug dafuer
FR2520271A1 (fr) * 1982-01-23 1983-07-29 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Dispositif pneumatique de soulevement de pieces faconnees, muni d'une jumelle de pression guidee dans la table de presse
DE3242705A1 (de) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-24 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG, 7987 Weingarten Drucklufteinrichtung im pressentisch

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 7, Nr. 120 (M-217)[1265], 25. Mai 1983; & JP-A-58 038617 (KAWASAKI SEITETSU K.K.) 07.03.1983 *

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2607416A1 (fr) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-03 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Dispositif pour la commande ou la regulation de la force du serre-flan d'une presse par exemple pendant une operation d'emboutissage
GB2197813B (en) * 1986-11-27 1991-07-24 Mueller Weingarten Maschf A mechanical drawing press.
GB2197813A (en) * 1986-11-27 1988-06-02 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Controlling or adjusting blank holder force during a drawing process
DE3717768A1 (de) * 1987-05-26 1988-12-08 Schuler Gmbh L Zieheinrichtung im pressentisch einer presse
EP0312809A2 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-26 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Presse à double effet pour emboutir d'elements en tôle
EP0312808A2 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-26 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Presse pour emboutir d'elements en tôle
EP0312808A3 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1989-10-18 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Presse pour emboutir d'elements en tôle
EP0312809A3 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1989-10-18 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Presse à double effet pour emboutir d'elements en tôle
DE3807683A1 (de) * 1988-03-09 1989-09-21 Schuler Gmbh L Ziehapparat in ziehstufen von pressen
US5099673A (en) * 1989-10-10 1992-03-31 L. Schuler Pressen Gmbh Drawing apparatus in drawing stages of presses
US5138857A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-08-18 Maschinenfabrik Mueller-Weingarten Ag Drawing device in a press for drawing shaped sheet-metal parts
FR2667257A1 (fr) * 1990-10-02 1992-04-03 Erfurt Umformtechnik Gmbh Serre-flan hydraulique pour presses a simple effet.
EP0573830A1 (fr) * 1992-06-10 1993-12-15 Umformtechnik ERFURT GmbH Dispositif d'étirage hydraulique dans une presse
EP0596696A1 (fr) * 1992-11-05 1994-05-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler, vérifier ou optimaliser la pression des goupilles des cylindres d'amortissement d'une presse par déchargement du fluide ou de la pression initiale
US5457980A (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-10-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and device for controlling, checking or optimizing pressure of cushion pin cylinders of press by discharging fluid or initial pressure
EP0773075A3 (fr) * 1992-11-05 1997-10-15 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Procede et dispositif pour controler verifier ou optimaliser la pression des coupilles des cylinders d'amortissement d'une presse pour dechargement ou fluide ou de la pression initiale
US5471861A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-12-05 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for diagnosing press cushioning device, on optimum range of blank-holding force
EP0635320A1 (fr) * 1993-07-24 1995-01-25 Umformtechnik ERFURT GmbH Serre-flan pour presses à simple effet en particulier pour presses mécaniques et presses de transfert
US5701778A (en) * 1994-03-03 1997-12-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Press having gas cylinders of plastically deformable members for even distribution of blank-holding force on pressure member through cushion pins
US5687598A (en) * 1994-07-15 1997-11-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Press having cushioning cylinders each having two chambers whose pressure difference is adjustable to control blank-holding force
EP0713735A1 (fr) * 1994-11-23 1996-05-29 Umformtechnik ERFURT GmbH Système de compensation de longueur dans un dispositif de serrage entre l'outil supérieur et inférieur d'une presse
EP1138406A2 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-04 FAGOR, S.Coop Presse avec un coussin hydraulique et un système pour regler la force de pression et la position du serre-flan dudit coussin hydraulique
EP1138406A3 (fr) * 2000-03-30 2003-05-21 FAGOR, S.Coop Presse avec un coussin hydraulique et un système pour regler la force de pression et la position du serre-flan dudit coussin hydraulique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0173755B1 (fr) 1989-02-01
US4601190A (en) 1986-07-22
BR8503119A (pt) 1986-03-18
DE3476524D1 (en) 1989-03-09

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