EP0158946A2 - Procédé et appareil pour le chauffage de pièces métalliques non-magnétiques - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour le chauffage de pièces métalliques non-magnétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0158946A2
EP0158946A2 EP85104184A EP85104184A EP0158946A2 EP 0158946 A2 EP0158946 A2 EP 0158946A2 EP 85104184 A EP85104184 A EP 85104184A EP 85104184 A EP85104184 A EP 85104184A EP 0158946 A2 EP0158946 A2 EP 0158946A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
temperature
furnace
workpieces
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85104184A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0158946A3 (fr
Inventor
Norbert Raymond Balzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Park Ohio Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Park Ohio Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Park Ohio Industries Inc filed Critical Park Ohio Industries Inc
Publication of EP0158946A2 publication Critical patent/EP0158946A2/fr
Publication of EP0158946A3 publication Critical patent/EP0158946A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J17/00—Forge furnaces
    • B21J17/02—Forge furnaces electrically heated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for heating metal parts made of non-magnetic material to an elevated processing or forging temperature.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a new method and an apparatus for heating non-magnetic metal files to an elevated processing temperature, which eliminates the difficulties mentioned above, and which can be carried out with a high overall efficiency and in which the surface quality of the workpieces is not impaired .
  • a highly effective electric radiant heating furnace of the gap type allows the non-magnetic metal parts to be preheated to a preheating temperature which is substantially below the forging temperature.
  • An induction heating coil is then used to subject the preheated parts to induction reheating to their final temperature, which is required for forging.
  • the greater part of the total energy required to heat the metal parts to their forging temperature is used to heat the parts in a highly effective manner To complete the way without affecting the surface by removing or coarsening the grain unqiir; stiq.
  • the overall efficiency of the heating system is remarkably increased compared to those processes where the workpieces are completely inductively heated to their forging temperature be heated.
  • non-magnetic workpieces such as brass or copper billets
  • a preheating temperature of about 670 ° K in an electric high-performance radiant heater of the gap type and then immediately brought from the preheating furnace into an induction heating coil and there inductively on their final forging temperature of about 835 ° K can be reheated.
  • the drawings show a method and a device for heating metal parts made of non-magnetic material, such as billets or workpieces W made of brass, copper or aluminum, which are heated to the forging temperature in preparation for the production of forgings.
  • non-magnetic material such as billets or workpieces W made of brass, copper or aluminum
  • the invention also applies to heating objects made of other metals onto their - Forging temperature or elevated temperature can be used for other purposes where such elevated temperature may prove useful.
  • a non-magnetic metal such as brass, copper or aluminum
  • they have to be heated to a temperature of approximately 835 ° K in the case of brass or copper workpieces or to a somewhat lower temperature for aluminum workpieces.
  • the workpieces W are thereby reduced according to the invention to their forging temperature or another increased processing temperature brought that an initial preheating in an electric high-performance furnace F to an elevated preheating temperature of about 111 ° to 167 ° K below the processing temperature is combined with inductive reheating, in which the workpieces are brought to their chosen processing temperature T 2 in an induction heating coil C.
  • brass or copper workpieces W are to be forged, they are first preheated in an electric high-performance furnace F to a preheating temperature of approximately 665 ° K and then reheated to their chosen forging temperature of approximately 835 ° K in the induction heating coil C.
  • the electric furnace F can be any suitable so-called high power electric furnace, for example a gap type electric radiant heating furnace, as described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 4,159,415.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 which generally show a device for carrying out the new method according to the invention for heating non-magnetic metal workpieces to an elevated processing temperature, such as their forging temperature T 2 , a conveyor device can be seen A, which can convey workpieces W from a supply or pile 10 located in a container 12 into a high power electric radiation furnace F, for example a cracking type furnace, as shown in U.S. Patent 4,159,415.
  • the non-magnetic metal workpieces W have the form of comparatively short brass or copper rods in the case particularly shown.
  • the workpiece conveyor device A can have an endless conveyor belt which is movable in the vertical direction and which is driven by a reduction gear driven by an electric motor 16 is driven and is provided with a plurality of lifting troughs 18 extending in the horizontal direction, which pass through the workpiece supply 10 in the container 12 during their upward movement and receive one or more workpieces and these by tilting their troughs 18 into a fixed, extending in the horizontal direction Throw away the inlet trough 20 and finally fill this trough with a plurality or a row 22 of workpieces, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Excess workpieces, which are emptied from a lifting trough 18 onto workpieces already existing in the feed trough 20 and filling them, simply fall back into the storage container 12.
  • the row 22 of the workpieces W, which fill the feed trough 20, is conveyed into the furnace F by a bumper, which can be formed by the piston rod 24 of a hydraulic cylinder 26, which is actuated intermittently, by a suitable control device, not shown encountered when the latter is ready to accept them.
  • the actuation of the cylinder 26 by the control device causes the piston rod 24 to push the row of workpieces 22 from the feed trough 20 into the furnace F, through which they then move on to be progressively preheated to the aforementioned preheating temperature T 1 of, for example, about 665 ° K .
  • the hydraulic cylinder 26 is actuated by the control device provided for this purpose each time the furnace F is in a condition in which it can receive the row 22 of the workpieces from the feed trough 20, which, for example, does not result in a suitable electrical signal shown, solenoid-operated control valve of the control device is reached, which controls the actuation of the cylinder 26.
  • the furnace F has a fire-resistant housing 30, which is formed by vertically arranged walls, namely a front wall 32, a rear wall 34 and side walls 36, and the one ceiling wall 38 and a bottom wall 40. All of these walls enclose a preheating chamber 42, through which the workpieces are conveyed in order to preheat them progressively to the preheating temperature T 1 .
  • a plurality of elongated rod-shaped electrical heating resistor elements 44 are mounted in the chamber 42 in order to heat the chamber and to keep it at the aforementioned workpiece preheating temperature T 1 of approximately 665 ° K.
  • a plurality of heating elements 44 extend in a vertical distance from one another and on the inside at a distance from the front wall 32 and the rear wall 34 of the furnace housing 30, three of which are arranged in the illustrated case.
  • the heating elements penetrate the refractory-lined walls 36 of the housing and extend to the outside of the furnace, where they are connected by lead wires 45 (Fig. 3) to a suitable electrical power source, not shown, for example one to each phase of a three-phase 60Hz Power source with a suitable voltage of, for example, 480 V, as is indicated in FIG. 6 by the three conductor phases ph1, ph2 and ph3 of the circuit.
  • the transport device 50 has a plurality of successive, parallel storage chairs 52 which carry the successive rows 22 of the workpieces W, each row being transported from one storage chair to the next.
  • the bearing chairs 52 consist of mutually alternating, extending in the horizontal direction, vertically movable and backward inclined to each other parallel support rods 54 and alternating, horizontally extending, backward inclined and fixed, parallel to each other stop rods 56.
  • the workpieces W lie on the movable support rods 54 and are supported against the longitudinal edges of the fixed stop rods 56.
  • All vertically movable support rods 54 are supported at each end by supports 58 which stand on two mutually parallel side lifting beams 60 which extend horizontally in the lowest part of the furnace chamber 42 along its side walls-36.
  • the fixed stop rods 56 are carried by nuerreli 62, which are anchored with their opposite ends in the furnace side walls 36.
  • the vertical up and down movement of the lifting beams 60 for the further transport of the workpiece rows 22 from one bearing block 52 to the next is generated by a suitable lifting mechanism 70 of the workpiece feed device 50.
  • the lifting device 70 consists of lifting rods 72 which are arranged in pairs and extend in the vertical direction and are fastened to the opposite ends of associated lifting beams 60 and carry these.
  • the lifting rods 72 penetrate the bottom wall 40 of the furnace housing 30 and are mounted in a vertically reciprocating manner in slide bearings 74 which are fastened to the furnace support frame 76.
  • the lifting rods 72 are engaged at their lower ends with corresponding cam disks 78 and rest on them, all of which have the same curve shape and are fastened in the same position to one another on horizontally extending parallel camshafts which extend transversely to the lifting beam 60 and are rotatably supported at their opposite ends in brackets 82 which protrude from the furnace frame 76.
  • Drive levers 84 of the same shape, which are fastened in the same position to each shaft 80, are articulated with their outer or free ends to one end of drive rods 86 which extend in the horizontal direction and which have their other ends to the opposite ends of one another in the horizontal direction extending common piston rod 88 are articulated, which extends from a hydraulic cylinder 90 attached to the furnace frame 76 in both directions to the outside.
  • the cam discs 78 By actuating the cylinder 90 in one direction, the cam discs 78 are rotated so that their raised parts lift the lifting rods 72 and thus the lifting beams 60 uniformly, which then bring the support rods 54 of the workpiece storage chairs 52 into their raised position and the workpieces lying in them cause to roll down from the workpiece storage chairs 52 and onto the fixed stop bars 56 into a position from which they roll into the next front of the storage chairs 52 when the in the opposite direction are either lowered to their lower position.
  • the actuation of the cylinder 90 of the feed device 50 to produce the stepwise feed of the rows 22 of the workpieces by the preheating furnace F can be controlled either manually or automatically, for example in response to an electrical signal indicating that the discharge channel 64 of the furnace F does not Contains more workpieces.
  • the duration of the gradual feed movement of the workpieces through the furnace F is regulated so that the workpieces are at the desired preheating temperature T 1 , in the case of non-magnetic brass or copper workpieces of, for example, 665 ° K, when they are in the discharge channel 64 Be fired.
  • the preheated workpieces can be discharged individually from the discharge channel 64 of the furnace F by any suitable means, for example with the aid of a bumper 92 (FIG. 3), which penetrates an opening in the furnace side wall 36 and can be pushed back and forth in this and with the row 22 of the workpieces in the discharge channel 64 is aligned.
  • the bumper 92 can be operated either manually or, as shown, with the aid of a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder serving as the bumper 92 and being able to advance slowly or in successive steps in its workpiece ejection stroke to individually remove the workpieces from the discharge channel 64 and in a precisely timed sequence with the emission of one from the heart spiral C in which this workpiece has been reheated to the selected forging temperature T 2 .
  • each preheated workpiece falls into an inclined groove 96 and slides downwards therein into an axially aligned position with a guide groove 98 which extends in the horizontal direction and leads into the open insertion of a workpiece receiving opening, which is aligned with the workpiece receiving opening in the induction heating coil C and is ready for receiving the workpiece.
  • the induction heating coil C is a well-known multi-turn heating coil which has a hollow electrical conductor which is helically wound in several turns 102 around a linear screw axis and at opposite ends to a coolant inlet 104 and a coolant outlet 106 is connected, which are connected to a suitable coolant source, not shown.
  • Inlet 104 and outlet 106 form spaced leads to connect the entire length of the coil through an electrical circuit 108 to a suitable high frequency AC power source, shown schematically as a generator 110, to coil C continuously during operation of the device to supply with electricity.
  • the windings 102 of the heating coil C are embedded in a body made of refractory material 112, which forms the elongated, central workpiece receiving channel 100, which extends coaxially to the coil center axis.
  • the coil channel 100 is provided with workpiece support slide rails 114 (FIGS. 1 and 5) which extend in the longitudinal direction in the interior of the channel and on which the workpieces can slide along as they pass through the coil channel.
  • each preheated workpiece W die 96 slides down into the guide trough 98, it winds immediately into the open insertion end of the channel 100 of the continuously energized coil C in order to begin the inductive reheating of the workpiece.
  • the inserted workpiece abuts against the last of the workpieces previously inserted into the through-channel and advances the entire row of workpieces present in the channel by a sufficient amount, which corresponds to the length of a workpiece, by the foremost workpiece in the workpiece row eject the discharge end of the coil channel, the ejected workpiece having been reheated to the selected machining or forging temperature T 2 at this time.
  • the row of workpieces W in the coil channel 100 is thus gradually and progressively advanced and reheated in the channel by the current-carrying coil C until it reaches the selected processing or shredding temperature T 2 at the outlet end of the channel 100, at which time the workpieces are removed ejected from the canal.
  • the sliding movement of the workpiece W from the guide channel 98 into the coil channel 100 can be effected with the aid of a push rod 116, which can be the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 118, which is mounted behind the channel 96 on the furnace frame 76 and whose hollow rod 116 with the workpiece W. in the guide groove 98 and with an opening 120 in the groove 96, through which opening the piston rod moves back and forth when the cylinder 118 is actuated.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 118 is actuated to insert the preheated workpiece from the guide trough 98 into the coil channel 100 as soon as the foremost workpiece of the row located in the coil channel reaches the selected machining or forging temperature T 2 , for example by a temperature sensor 122, such as an infrared detector or optical pyrometer.
  • the sensor is one. window or one 124 is mounted in the further fixed body 112 of the induction heating coil C between its windings 102 and senses through this opening the temperature of the foremost workpiece in the coil channel 100 in the last of the step-by-step heating positions before ejection from the coil channel.
  • the temperature sensor 122 which is set to a predetermined temperature which corresponds to the desired, selected machining or forging temperature T 2 of the workpiece, generates an electrical signal which controls the actuation of the workpiece feed cylinder 118, for example with the aid of an electromagnetic valve, to another, to bring the workpiece brought to the preheating temperature T 1 into the coil channel 100 and at the same time eject the foremost workpiece in the channel, which has been recognized by the sensor 122 as being at the selected machining or forging temperature T 2 .
  • the workpiece W ejected from the spool channel 100 then runs on a continuously rotating drive roller 126, which is driven by an electrically driven reduction gear 128, in order to transport the ejected workpiece further and to deposit it in a suitable container or a collecting trough 130, from which it is removed Operator can be removed from a forging press.
  • the device according to the invention can operate either manually or automatically to achieve a substantially continuous supply of workpieces W of non-magnetic material, which is increased from a highly effective two-stage heating process according to the invention Machining or forging temperature T 2 are brought. What is particularly important here is that the surface quality of the workpieces is not adversely affected by surface abrasion or grain coarsening.
  • the heating system has a significantly increased efficiency of up to around 60% compared to the normal efficiency of 30 to 35% of previous heating systems, in which the workpieces were heated to their forging temperature T 2 completely by inductive heating to avoid surface abrasion and grain coarsening in non-magnetic metal workpieces .
  • a saving of approximately 50% in electrical energy is achieved in comparison with the exclusive induction heating processes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP85104184A 1984-04-20 1985-04-05 Procédé et appareil pour le chauffage de pièces métalliques non-magnétiques Withdrawn EP0158946A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US602542 1984-04-20
US06/602,542 US4577081A (en) 1984-04-20 1984-04-20 Heating nonmagnetic metal workpieces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0158946A2 true EP0158946A2 (fr) 1985-10-23
EP0158946A3 EP0158946A3 (fr) 1987-05-13

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EP85104184A Withdrawn EP0158946A3 (fr) 1984-04-20 1985-04-05 Procédé et appareil pour le chauffage de pièces métalliques non-magnétiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4577081A (fr)
EP (1) EP0158946A3 (fr)
ES (2) ES8700586A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991008089A1 (fr) * 1989-11-24 1991-06-13 Elind S.P.A. Systeme de chauffage d'acier en barres et de billettes situe en amont de cisailles a usinage supplementaire
EP0518815A1 (fr) * 1991-06-10 1992-12-16 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag Procédé de chauffage d'une pièce en alliage métallique
EP3072356B1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2021-03-03 NIKE Innovate C.V. Procédé de durcissement par transport ajustable

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6860317B2 (en) 2000-10-31 2005-03-01 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Method and apparatus for producing uranium foil and uranium foil produced thereby
US6911633B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2005-06-28 Ajax Magnethermic Corporation Suspended induction coil and method for replacement of turns comprising same
US7767940B2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2010-08-03 Lincoln Global, Inc. Device and method for drying electrode coating
US20100236317A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Sigelko Jeff D Method for forming articles at an elevated temperature
CN101862805B (zh) * 2010-07-06 2012-12-12 杨少华 一种内加热炉
CN101879574B (zh) * 2010-07-06 2012-11-14 杨少华 一种锻前加热炉
CN102527909B (zh) * 2012-01-16 2014-04-30 彭亦楚 连续锻造加热炉
CN103317079B (zh) * 2013-06-27 2015-09-09 彭亦楚 连续锻造加热炉
CN103317080B (zh) * 2013-06-27 2015-09-09 彭亦楚 用于连续锻造生产的加热炉
CN103769510B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2016-08-03 宁波腾工精密机械制造有限公司 大直径复相材料冷镦前置处理装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE749576C (de) * 1939-05-21 1944-11-28 Einrichtung zur Warmbehandlung von Metallbloecken, insbesondere aus Messing, in einem elektrischen Ofen
US2858405A (en) * 1956-12-24 1958-10-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp 60-cycle induction furnace
DE1113763B (de) * 1958-12-24 1961-09-14 Philips Patentverwaltung Vorrichtung zum induktiven Erhitzen von Werkstuecken
GB1040931A (en) * 1962-03-03 1966-09-01 West Midlands Gas Board Improvements relating to a furnace for and process of heating metal billets
DE1248081B (de) * 1957-09-03 1967-08-24 Acec Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen Erhitzen von Staeben in einem laenglichen Induktor
DE2149352A1 (de) * 1970-10-05 1972-04-06 Park Ohio Industries Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Heizen einer Platte
FR2356108A1 (fr) * 1976-06-25 1978-01-20 Junker Gmbh O Four d'egalisation de temperature pour pieces metalliques chauffees au defile
FR2377857A1 (fr) * 1977-01-21 1978-08-18 Klein Tools Inc Four electrique a fente, notamment pour chauffage de l'acier aux temperatures de forgeage

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4159415A (en) * 1977-01-21 1979-06-26 Klein Tools, Inc. Electric slot furnace
US4356861A (en) * 1980-10-06 1982-11-02 Olin Corporation Process for recrystallization of thin strip material

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE749576C (de) * 1939-05-21 1944-11-28 Einrichtung zur Warmbehandlung von Metallbloecken, insbesondere aus Messing, in einem elektrischen Ofen
US2858405A (en) * 1956-12-24 1958-10-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp 60-cycle induction furnace
DE1248081B (de) * 1957-09-03 1967-08-24 Acec Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen Erhitzen von Staeben in einem laenglichen Induktor
DE1113763B (de) * 1958-12-24 1961-09-14 Philips Patentverwaltung Vorrichtung zum induktiven Erhitzen von Werkstuecken
GB1040931A (en) * 1962-03-03 1966-09-01 West Midlands Gas Board Improvements relating to a furnace for and process of heating metal billets
DE2149352A1 (de) * 1970-10-05 1972-04-06 Park Ohio Industries Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Heizen einer Platte
FR2356108A1 (fr) * 1976-06-25 1978-01-20 Junker Gmbh O Four d'egalisation de temperature pour pieces metalliques chauffees au defile
FR2377857A1 (fr) * 1977-01-21 1978-08-18 Klein Tools Inc Four electrique a fente, notamment pour chauffage de l'acier aux temperatures de forgeage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991008089A1 (fr) * 1989-11-24 1991-06-13 Elind S.P.A. Systeme de chauffage d'acier en barres et de billettes situe en amont de cisailles a usinage supplementaire
EP0518815A1 (fr) * 1991-06-10 1992-12-16 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag Procédé de chauffage d'une pièce en alliage métallique
US5282910A (en) * 1991-06-10 1994-02-01 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ltd. Process for heating a metal alloy workpiece
CH683267A5 (de) * 1991-06-10 1994-02-15 Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag Verfahren zum Aufheizen eines Werkstückes aus einer Metallegierung.
EP3072356B1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2021-03-03 NIKE Innovate C.V. Procédé de durcissement par transport ajustable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES542422A0 (es) 1986-11-16
ES544578A0 (es) 1986-06-16
EP0158946A3 (fr) 1987-05-13
ES8700586A1 (es) 1986-11-16
US4577081A (en) 1986-03-18
ES8608052A1 (es) 1986-06-16

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