EP0158306B1 - Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung - Google Patents

Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0158306B1
EP0158306B1 EP85104196A EP85104196A EP0158306B1 EP 0158306 B1 EP0158306 B1 EP 0158306B1 EP 85104196 A EP85104196 A EP 85104196A EP 85104196 A EP85104196 A EP 85104196A EP 0158306 B1 EP0158306 B1 EP 0158306B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant
additive
phosphoric acid
weight
acid ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85104196A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0158306A3 (en
EP0158306A2 (de
Inventor
Michael Ahlgrim
Gerhard Dr. Mietens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT85104196T priority Critical patent/ATE38854T1/de
Publication of EP0158306A2 publication Critical patent/EP0158306A2/de
Publication of EP0158306A3 publication Critical patent/EP0158306A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0158306B1 publication Critical patent/EP0158306B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1065—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C10M2209/1075—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106 used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • C10M2209/1085—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified used as base material
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C10M2209/1095—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified used as base material
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/02—Macromolecular compounds from phosphorus-containg monomers, obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricant for metalworking based on oil and / or polyglycol with an additive.
  • drawing and release agents To reduce the friction in the production of metal parts and to reduce wear on the drawing and embossing tools, the use of drawing and release agents is essential, whereby forming processes under extremely high mechanical and thermal stress, such as drop forging, are only possible with special lubricants .
  • the lubricant For the so-called “heavy” pull or “heavy” forming, the lubricant must maintain its lubricating effectiveness in a wide temperature range even at high pressures. In order to maintain the lubricity of oils or polyglycols under the extreme conditions mentioned, additives must be added to them.
  • a lubricant which consists of esters of mono- or polyfunctional alcohols on the one hand and mono- or polyfunctional carboxylic acids of the aliphatic or aromatic series on the other hand, the esters 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of a mono- and / or diphosphoric acid esters are added.
  • DE-OS 2 108 780 describes a lubricant based on mineral oil or synthetic oil, to which 0.1 to 20 percent by weight of heavy metal dithiophosphates or heavy metal dithicarbamates and sulfided or polysulfided phosphorus have been added.
  • a disadvantage of the mineral oil containing anhydrous phosphorous acid is that the suspension is only stable in storage for a few days. If emulsifiers are added to the suspension, a clear solution is obtained, but it has a greatly reduced pressure absorption capacity.
  • dithiophosphates are also more suitable as additives in this regard, they are unusable in lubricants for shaping processes at higher temperatures because they split off hydrogen sulfide at these temperatures, as a result of which sludge formation in the lubricant is promoted by sulfidic reaction products.
  • This is achieved according to the invention in that it contains, as an additive, a mixture of phosphorous acid and at least one phosphoric acid ester.
  • the lubricant according to the invention is homogeneous and has a good pressure absorption capacity.
  • the phosphoric acid ester in the lubricant according to the invention should be composed of a fatty alcohol with at least 4 carbon atoms in order to ensure its solubility in the oil or polyglycol.
  • the carbon number should not exceed 22, otherwise the oil or polyglycol will thicken.
  • the homogeneity of the lubricant according to the invention is improved if its additive contains an ethoxylated phosphoric acid ester.
  • a steel sheet (dimensions: 100 x 100 x 0.5 mm) is coated with the lubricant evenly on both sides and clamped between the sheet holder and the die of the deep-drawing press according to Erichsen with a precisely measurable force (sheet holding force). Now the drawing die of the deep-drawing press is pressed against the clamped steel sheet through an opening in the sheet metal holder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung auf der Basis von Öl und/oder Polyglykol mit einem Additiv.
  • Zur Verminderung der Reibung bei der Herstellung von Metallteilen und zur Reduzierung des Verschleißes an den Zieh- und Prägewerkzeugen ist die Verwendung von Zieh- und Trennmitteln unerläßlich, wobei Umformungsvorgänge unter extrem hoher mechanischer und thermischer Belastung, beispielsweise Gesenkschmieden, durch spezielle Schmiermittel überhaupt erst möglich sind. Für den sog. "schweren" Zug bzw. die "schwere" Umformung muß das Schmiermittel auch bei hohen Drucken seine Schmierwirksamkeit in einem großen Temperaturbereich behalten. Um die Schmierwirksamkeit von Ölen oder Polyglykolen unter den erwähnten extremen Bedingungen zu erhalten, müssen ihnen Additive zugesetzt werden.
  • Nach der DE-PS 901 833 wird die mechanische Belastbarkeit von Mineralöl erheblich verbessert, wenn in ihm beispielsweise 0,5 Gewichtsprozent wasserfreie phosphorige Säure in feiner Form suspendiert ist.
  • Aus der DE-OS 1 594 439 ist ein Schmiermittel bekannt, welches aus Estern von mono- oder polyfunktionellen Alkoholen einerseits und mono- oder polyfunktionellen Carbonsäuren der aliphatischen oder aromatischen Reihe andererseits besteht, wobei den Estern 0,1 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent eines Mono- und/oder Diphosphorsäureesters zugesetzt sind.
  • Schließlich wird in der DE-OS 2 108 780 ein Schmiermittel auf der Basis von Mineralöl oder Syntheseöl beschrieben, welchem als Additiv 0,1 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent Schwermetalldithiophosphate oder Schwermetalldithicarbamate sowie sulfidierter oder polysulfidierter Phosphor zugesetzt sind.
  • Nachteilig ist bei dem wasserfreie phosphorige Säure enthaltenden Mineralöl, daß die Suspension nur wenige Tage lagerstabil ist. Setzt man der Suspension Emulgatoren zu, so wird zwar eine klare Lösung erhalten, die jedoch ein stark reduziertes Druckaufnahmevermögen aufweist.
  • Bei der Verwendung von Phosphorsäureestern als Additiv ist von Nachteil, daß das resultierende Schmiermittel zur Aufnahme hoher Drucke ungeeignet ist. Wenn in dieser Beziehung Dithiophosphate als Additive auch besser geeignet sind, so sind sie in Schmiermitteln für Verformungsvorgänge bei höheren Temperaturen unbrauchbar, weil sie bei diesen Temperaturen Schwefelwasserstoff abspalten, wodurch die Schlammbildung im Schmiermittel durch sulfidische Umsetzungsprodukte gefördert wird.
  • Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Schmiermittel auf der Grundlage von Öl oder Polyglykol mit einem Additiv anzugeben, welches bei höheren Temperaturen und Drucken verwendbar ist, wobei das Additiv im Öl bzw. Polyglykol klar löslich ist. Das wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß es als Additiv eine Mischung aus phosphoriger Säure und mindestens einem Phosphorsäureester enthält.
  • Das Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung kann wahlweise auch noch dadurch weitergebildet sein, daß
    • a) die Mischung 1 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent phosphorige Säure enthält;
    • b) die Phosphorsäureester aus Fettalkoholen mit 4 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen aufgebaut sind;
    • c) die Fettalkohole bis zu 10 Mole Ethylenoxid pro Mol Fettalkohol enthalten;
    • d) es 1 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent Additiv enthält.
  • Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel ist homogen und weist ein gutes Druckaufnahmevermögen auf.
  • Der Phosphorsäureester im Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung sollte aus einem Fettalkohol mit mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatomen aufgebaut sein, um seine Löslichkeit im Öl bzw. Polyglykol sicherzustellen. Andererseits sollte die Kohlenstoffzahl 22 nicht überschreiten, weil sonst eine Verdickung des ÖI bzw. des Polyglykols eintritt.
  • Die Homogenität des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels wird verbessert, wenn sein Additiv einen ethoxilierten Phosphorsäureester enthält.
  • Überschreitet beim Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung der Anteil des Additivs 40 Gewichtsprozent, so ist seine Homogenität nicht mehr gewährleistet.
  • In den folgenden Beispielen werden Schmiermittel verwendet mit
    • Basis:
      • Coray 909 naphthenbasisches Öl, Handelsprodukt der Esso AG
      • Polyglykol B01/120 Handelsprodukt der Hoechst AG
    • Additiv:
      • Zum Vergleich
        • V1: Mono-di-phosphorsäureester des Tridecylalkohols, Handelsprodukt der Hoechst AG
        • V2: Mono-di-phosphorsäureester des Dodecylalkohols mit 4 Mol Ethylenoxid, Handelsprodukt der Hoechst AG
      • Erfindungsgemäße Mischungen
        • £1: 90 Gew.-% Mono-di-phosphorsäureester des Dodecylalkohols mit 4 Mol Ethylenoxid
          • 10 Gew.-% phosphorige Säure, wasserfrei
        • E2: 90 Gew.-% Mono-di-phosphorsäureester des 2-Ethylhexylalkohols
          • 10 Gew.-% phosphorige Säure, wasserfrei
  • Die Prüfung der Schmiermittel erfolgte mit der Reibverschleißwaage nach Reichert (vergl. DE-GM 1 749 247), mit der Tiefziehpresse nach Erichsen (vergl. DIN 50 101, Teile 1 und 2 sowie DIN 50 102; jeweils September 1979) und mit dem Shell- Vierkugel Apparat (vergl. DIN 51 530, Teile 1 und 2; jeweils Januar 1977).
    • Beispiel 1
  • Es wurde die Änderung des spezifischen Flächendruckes [bar] sowie die Geräuschmeter [m] mit der Reibverschleißwaage nach Reichert unter Verwendung verschiedener Schmiermittel bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Zahlenwerte sind in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt.
    • Der spezifische Flächendruck ist ein Maß für das Lasttragevermögen bzw. die Druckaufnahmefähigkeit des Schmiermittels und ist aus der Belastung der Reichert-Maschine und dem Abrieb ihrer Prüfrolle errechenbar:
      Figure imgb0001
      Figure imgb0002
    • Geräuschmeter ist eine Maßzahl für die Beendigung des Reiberschleißes. Solange das Schmiermittel zwischen Prüfring und Prüfrolle der Reichert-Maschine noch keine Reaktionsschicht gebildet hat, ist ein mahlendes Geräusch hörbar. Das plötzliche Aufhören des Laufgeräusches der Reichert-Maschine ist an ihrem Zählwerk als Geräuschmeter ablesbar.
      Figure imgb0003
    Beispiel 2
  • Der Materialabtrag [mg] nach einer Laufstrecke von 100 bzw. 600 m wurde auf der Reibverschleißwaage nach Reichert bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Zahlenwerte sind in Tabelle 2 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0004
    • Beispiel 3
  • Zur Beurteilung der Schmierwirkung wird ein Stahlblech (Abmessungen: 100 x 100 x 0,5 mm) mit dem Schmiermittel auf beiden Seiten gleichmäßig bestrichen und zwischen dem Blechhalter und der Matritze der Tiefziehpresse nach Erichsen mit einer genau meßbaren Kraft (Blechhaltekraft) eingespannt. Nun wird der Ziehstempel der Tiefziehpresse durch eine Öffnung im Blechhalter gegen das eingespannte Stahlblech gedrückt. Die Eindringtiefe des Ziehstempels [mm] in das Stahlblech im Augenblick seines Einreißens sowie die zugehörige Ziehkraft [N] werden ermittelt, wo bei bei Bestreichen des Stahlbleches mit einem qualitativ hochwertigen Schmiermittel statt des Einreißens ein zylindrischer Hohlkörper ("Näpfchen") gebildet wird, d. h. die Eindringtiefe des Ziehstempels ("Ziehstrecke") ist ein Maß für die Schiermittelqualität. Die erhaltenen Zahlenwerte sind in Tabelle 3 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0005
    • Beispiel 4
  • Die Schweißkraftprüfung wurde an verschiedenen Schmier mitteln mit dem Shell-Vierkugel-Apparat durchgeführt. Die erhaltenen Zahlenwerte sind in Tabelle 4 aufgeführt.
    • Als Schweißkraft [N] bezeichnet man die Prüfkraft, bei welcher ein Verschweißen des Vierkugelsystems im Prüfgerät eintritt.
    • Als Gutkraft fNI bezeichnet man die vor Erreichen der Schweißkraft gemessene Prüfkraft, bei welcher noch kein Verschweißen des Vierkugelsystems im Prüfgerät eintritt.
      Figure imgb0006

Claims (5)

1. Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung auf der Basis von Öl und/oder Polyglykol mit einem Additiv, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Additiv eine Mischung aus phosphoriger Säure und mindestens einem Phosphorsäureester enthält.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mischung 1 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent phosphorige Säure enthält.
3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phosphorsäureester aus Fettalkoholen mit 4 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen aufgebaut sind.
4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fettalkohole bis zu 10 Mole Ethylenoxid pro Mol Fettalkohol enthalten.
5. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es 1 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent Additiv enthält.
EP85104196A 1984-04-13 1985-04-06 Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung Expired EP0158306B1 (de)

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DE901833C (de) * 1945-02-20 1954-01-14 Bayer Ag Schmier- bzw. Poliermittel
US2453710A (en) * 1946-09-17 1948-11-16 Standard Oil Co Grinding oil composition
FR1283193A (fr) * 1959-11-12 1962-02-02 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Procédé de production de compositions tensio-actives et compositions obtenues
DE1594439C3 (de) * 1963-12-31 1979-10-18 Gaf Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) Schmiermittel auf Esterbasis
US3496104A (en) * 1965-10-18 1970-02-17 Yawata Seitetsu Kk Cold rolling agent
US3372117A (en) * 1965-11-26 1968-03-05 Hooker Chemical Corp Cold forming lubricant
US4178260A (en) * 1974-10-31 1979-12-11 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Ester based metal working lubricants
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DE3413941A1 (de) 1985-10-24

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