EP0148949A1 - Feuermeldegerät - Google Patents

Feuermeldegerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0148949A1
EP0148949A1 EP84901398A EP84901398A EP0148949A1 EP 0148949 A1 EP0148949 A1 EP 0148949A1 EP 84901398 A EP84901398 A EP 84901398A EP 84901398 A EP84901398 A EP 84901398A EP 0148949 A1 EP0148949 A1 EP 0148949A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
value
data
accumulated
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84901398A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0148949B1 (de
EP0148949A4 (de
Inventor
Yoshiaki C/O Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co. Ltd. Okayama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nohmi Bosai Ltd
Original Assignee
Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
Publication of EP0148949A1 publication Critical patent/EP0148949A1/de
Publication of EP0148949A4 publication Critical patent/EP0148949A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0148949B1 publication Critical patent/EP0148949B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire sensing apparatus, and more particularly it relates to a fire sensing apparatus having a microcomputer built-in to the fire sensing means whereby a fire detecting level is varied in response to variations in the environmental conditions at the installation site so that a fire can be continuously detected with an appropriate fire detection sensitivity.
  • a smoke type fire sensing means such as an ionization type or a light scattering type operable, for example, at 10 % smoke density
  • this sensing means will operate at a smoke density of about 10 % because there is little floating dust at night or on Sundays in the area, but on the contrary the fire sensing means will actually operate for a smoke density of 10 % down to a few % because there is so much floating dust in the daytime from Monday through Saturday that this amount of floating dust is equivalent to a few % of smoke density, and therefore the smoke density for operating the fire sensing means in the daytime is different from that in the nighttime.
  • the room temperature is kept at about 25°C by coolers operating in the daytime, but the room temperature rises up to aobut 30°C when the coolers are stopped at night, and in the winter, the room temperature is kept at about 20°C by heaters operating in the daytime, but lowers to mearly 0°C when the heaters are stopped at night.
  • this fire sensing means will operate after an increase of room temperature of about 40°C on a summer night, but an increase of about 70°C is necessary on a winter night.
  • a conventional fire sensing means having a fixed fire detection sensitivity because of the environmental conditions which vary according to time period, day of the week and seasons of the place of installation, its relative fire detecting sensitivity varies from time to time, and it is not able to detect a fire at a continuously constant sensitivity, and consequently, false alarms, delayed alarms or failure alarms will occur. This holds true even for fire sensing means for catching gas, light etc. which are generated besides smoke and heat in case of a fire.
  • a conventional fire sensing means having 2 or 3 measuring levels which is used by switching said levels. In this case, however, there are very many problems such as the following.
  • a receiver having a timer is set to a previously scheduled time period such as daytime and nighttime, and set so as to continuously keep the sensitivity by automatically switching the sensitivity with a command signal from the receiver.
  • a previously scheduled time period such as daytime and nighttime
  • the best sensitivity level is not always obtained, and when the intended use of the place of installation or the partitioning of the room is changed or when there is remarkable environmental variations such as the seasons and the like, the setting of the sensitivity level must be modified each time.
  • a fire sensing apparatus which can detect fire with a continuously appropriate fire detecting sensitivity by means of varying fire detection level in response to the variations in the environmental conditions at the place of installation by the computation of a CPU.
  • the fire sensing apparatus of the present invention has a microcomputer built in, physical amounts of phenomena similar to a fire phenomenon which are noise components periodically measured by the microcomputer, and are stored as accumulated data, and the amount of environmental noise, for example the average of the noise components, being forecast at the moment at each time period or at each time period for the days of the week on the basis of previously stored data, and then the fire detecting level is varied at each time period by determining the set sensitivity corresponding to the average values of said noise components, thereby eliminating the variations in fire detection sensitivity.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the basic construction of a fire sensing means according to the present invention.
  • the construction of the fire sensing means currently on the market can be employed, and therefore, only a sensor portion 1 of the fire sensing means and an amplifier 1' for properly amplifying its output are described in this figure.
  • Fig. 1 the construction of the fire sensing means currently on the market can be employed, and therefore, only a sensor portion 1 of the fire sensing means and an amplifier 1' for properly amplifying its output are described in this figure.
  • 1, 1 is a sensor portion for producing an analog output by means of detecting phenomena of a fire such as heat, smoke, light or gas or the phenomena of a fire and temperature change or change in the amount of dust
  • l' is an amplifier for properly amplifying the output from the sensor
  • 2 is a sample-hold circuit by which the analog output as the output value of the amplifier 1' is sampled and held at predetermined time intervals, for example, every 2 seconds
  • 3 is an A-D converter which converts said sample-held analog signal to a digital signal to be read by CPU 5
  • 4 is a clock portion
  • 5 is a CPU which is the main portion of a microcomputer
  • 6 - 9 are respectively a lst through a 4th memory
  • 10 is a signal generating circuit for outputting a fire signal under control of CPU 5.
  • the lst memory 6 and the 2nd memory 7 consist of ROMs. Control programs are stored in the 1st memory 6, and a fire recognition lelvel when there is no noise component, or a temporary reference level at the starting time point, are stored in the 2nd memory as the standard value together with the time for storing the data and the time for updating the reference value. Also, the 3rd memory 8 and the 4th memory 9 consist of RAMs, and they are respectively employed as temporary staring memories.
  • the 3rd memory 8 is employed as a memory for storing a reference value which is the fire recognizing level
  • the 4th memory 9 is employed as a memory for storing the data classified by a day of the week and time, the storing locations thereof being shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow-chart for explaining the operation of Fig. 1.
  • a source voltage is provided to a fire sensing means through some power lines or signal and power lines from a receiver or a transmitter
  • the fire sensing means having a built-in microcomputer starts its function.
  • CPU 5 starts the operation according to the steps shown in Fig. 2 by means of control programs in the lst memory 6.
  • CPU 5 clears the contents of the 3rd memory 8 and of the 4th memory 9, and sets the initial values of the registers and the like in CPU 5.
  • the standard value is read out of the 2nd memory 7, and this standard value is stored as the reference value into the 3rd memory 8 for the reference value.
  • the initial reference value of the fire sensing means namely the initial fire detecting level
  • the standard value is set at 10 % so that the fire sensing means determines a fire if, for example, it is a situation where there is 0 % dust and 10 % smoke.
  • CPU 5 reads the output data of the sensor 1, so CPU 5 sends a holding instruction to a smaple-hold circuit 2 for the purpose, and the sample-hold circuit 2 samples and holds the output of the sensor 1 according to this holding instruction, and then the hold signal is outputted to CPU 5 after the completion of the holding operation.
  • CPU 5 outputs the converting instruction to an A-D converter 3, and according to this instruction, the A-D converter 3 converts the analog output signal of the sensor portion 1 being held in the sample-hold circuit 2 to a digital signal, and then the conversion completion signal is outputted to CPU 5 after the completion of the converting operation.
  • CPU 5 reads the output data of the sensor portion 1 being converted to the digital signal from the A-D converter 3.
  • CPU reads the reference value from the 3rd memory 8, and compares this reference value with the output data previously read in said 3rd step S3 to determine whether a fire has occurred or not.
  • the step shifts to the 5th step S5 in a fire condition
  • the step shifts to the 6th step S6 by determining that it is a normal condition.
  • CPU 5 outputs the fire signal transmitting instruction to a signal generating circuit 10, and the signal generating circuit 10 outputs the fire signal to a receiver, a transmitter and so on.
  • CPU 5 when shifting to the 6th step S6, reads the day of the.week, time and so on from a clock portion 4 to determine whether or not that time matches the data storing time stored in the 2nd memory 7. If by chance that time matches, in the 7th step S7, CPU 5 stores the output data of the sensor portion 1 read in the 3rd step S3 into a predetermined location of the 4th momory 9 according to the data of the day of the week and time read in the 6th step S6.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of storing in the 4th memory 9, which is made up so that the data for 4 weeks can be stored every 2 hours of each day of the week.
  • the data of the sensor portion 1 is stored into the 1st week zone of the Monday, . 3 o'clock region. At this time, if this storing region is entirely filled up from the 1st week zone to the 4th week zone, the data in the 4th week zone is cleared, and all the data in the 1st week zone through the 3rd week zone is shifted by one week zone, and then the latest data is stored into the 1st week zone. The updating of the data is carried out by this process.
  • CPU 5 reads the day of the week and time from the clock portion 4, and distinguishes whether that time has reached the time for updating the reference value stored in the 2nd memory 7.
  • the times for updating the reference value for example, the even-numbered hours every 2 hours, are stored in the 2nd memory 7. Namely, switching of the sensitivity is carried out at the even-numbered time so that computing is performed on the basis of the data at 1 o'clock during the interval of 0 - 2 o'clock and on the basis of the data at 3 o'clock during the interval of 2 - 4 o'clock.
  • CPU 5 reads from the 4th memory 9 the accumulated data in the past corresponding to the data of the week and time read in the 8th step S8, and computes the latest reference value. For example, if it is 4 o'clock on Monday, the data of the past 4 weeks is read out of the 5 o'clock, Monday memory region in the 4th memory 9, and then the average value during the 4 weeks is computed according to the 4 weeks of data read out. This average value can be obtained, if necessary, by means of a simple average or a weighted average, and this computed result becomes the average value of the noise component during 4 weeks in the past. Next, the standard value is read out of the 2nd memory 7, and the reference value for distinguishing fire in the corresponding time period can be obtained by adding the average value to this standard value.
  • the CPU 5 stores the previously described reference value obtained in the former 9th step S9 into the 3rd memory 8 as the latest reference value, and returns to the former 3rd step.
  • the operation is performed by means of such a loop as described above.
  • CPU 5 stops its operation, and consequently the function of the fire sensing means is stopped.
  • the reference value to be initially stored into the 3rd memory 8 was set to be the standard value (for example, 10 %) which is the fire sensing level when the noise component is zero, it is also able to determine the initial set value comprizing the noise component being expected beforehand (for example, 12 %) that differs from the standard value, and then this initial set value may also be made to be stored into the 3rd memory 8.
  • the sensor portion 1 is a temperature sensor, for example, 70°C can be selected as the initial set value and 50°C as the standard value.
  • time for storing the data can be made to be the same time as that for updating the reference value.
  • Fig. 4 is the constructional diagram of another embodiment, and the portions corresponding to those of Fig. 1 are shown with the same signs. In this case, when the power source is turned on, the operation of the fire sensing means is started by the control program stored in ROM 1 and the set sensitivity for the fire sensing means is stored into a RAM.
  • RAM 8 storing the accumulated data is entirely cleared, and also the memory contents of RAM 4, RAM 5 and RAM 6 respectively storing the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value are cleared.
  • the sensing means Upon the completion of the setting and clearing of these memories, the sensing means starts to read the output from the sensor portion 1 at the predetermined intervals. To continue the description further, the output from the sensor portion 1 is amplified through an amplifier, and the output value is held by the sample and hold circuit 2. This output is converted from an analog signal to a degital signal through-the multiplexer 16 which switches the set values described before. The conversion being completed, a conversion completion signal is sent to CPU 5.
  • CPU 5 receives the digital signal from the A-D converter 3 as the data, and inputs the data to the temporary holding memory RAM 9. Still more, in this case, it is assumed that CPU 5 employs 10 memories including 9 RAMs, RAM 1 - RAM 9, and 1 ROM 1.
  • CPU 5 reads the current time and the day of the week from the clock portion 4, and reads the data, as data 8, at the address corresponding to the current time and the day of the week of the memory RAM 8 for the accumulated data.
  • the initial reference set value is sent to the digital comparator 12 as the signal from RAM 2.
  • the uppper limit value and the lower limit value of the operation level are respectively read out of RAM 1 and RAM 3 as data 1 and data 3.
  • the maximum value and the minimum value of the environmental noise level are respectively read from RAM 4 and RAM 5 as data 4 and data 5.
  • the initial reference set value is sent as the signal to the digital comparator 12 from RAM 2.
  • CPU 5 provides the data 11 to the digital comparator 12 as the signal.
  • the digital comparator 12 compares the sizes of numbers at this time. In case that the data of the A-D converter 3 is larger than the data 11 which is the computed output of CPU 5, the output of the digital comparator 12 shifts from the level H to the level L, thereby the latch circuit 13 operates to hold the level L. Still more, the latch circuit 13 may be considered to be a switching circuit, and the buzzer 14 to be a receiver, and in this case, the buzzer 14 is sounded to tell of an abnormal condition.
  • CPU 5 determines that the operating level has not been attained, and the data in RAM 9 storing the current data is applied to the averaging memory RAM 7, CPU 5 determines whether or not it is time to totalize the data in the time period according to the data from the clock portion 4, and if it is the totalizing time, data 7 is produced by averaging the data in RAM 7, the data then being read out at the predetermined address of RAM 2 in which the past accumulated data corresponding to the time and the day of the week of the current time point has been entered.
  • these data 8 and data 7 are averaged at a certain weighted ratio, for example at the ratio of 1: 2, and this result is stored into the corresponding address of RAM 8 as the latest accumulated data only when that said result does not exceed the lower limit value stored in RAM 3. If it does exceed, the data of RAM 3 is stored.
  • Fig. 5 shows the memory map for CPU 5 in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is the main flowchart of the employed software
  • Figs. 7a - 7g are flowcharts of the subroutines; Fig.
  • Fig. 7a is an example of an initial setting program
  • Fig. 7b is an example of a sensor input reading program
  • Fig. 7c is an example of a time reading program
  • Fig. 7d is an example of a fire operating program
  • Fig. 7e is an example of a fire restoring program
  • Fig. 7f is an example of a program for computing the set sensitivity
  • Fig. 7g is an example of a program for updating the accumulated past data.
  • Fig. 8 shows examples of the set level with the passage of time; where Fig. a shows the case of a conventional sensing means, and Fig. b shows the case of the embodiment in Fig. 4.
  • the set sensitivity at the current time is determined on the basis of the stored accumulated past data of the emvironmental noise where the fire sensing means is installed, and therefore, when the environmental noise varies according to time, the sensitivity is made to be dull if the noise level is high and the sensitivity is made to be high if the noise level is low, so that its own sensitivity is automatically regulated, and therefore the appropriate fire detection sensitivity can alway be maintained by eliminating the influences of the seasons, the surrounding temperature and so on.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic con- sruction of the fire sensing means of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart for describing the operation of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the store locations of the 4th memory in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a constructional diagram of another embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a memory map for CPU 5 in case of Fig. 4
  • Fig. 6 is an illustrated main flowchart of the employed flowcharts
  • Figs. 7a - 7g are respectively illustrated flowcharts for the subroutines
  • Figs. 8a and 8b are diagrams respectively showing the illustration of the set level with the passage of time according to the conventional manner and that according to the present invention.
  • 1 is a sensor portion
  • 2 is a sample-hold circuit
  • 3 is an A-D converter
  • 4 is a clock portion
  • 5 is a CPU
  • 6 are ROMs
  • 8, 9 are RAMs
  • 10 is a signal generating circuit
  • 15 is a resistance for dividing voltage
  • 16 is a multiplexer
  • 12 is a digital comparator
  • 13 is a latch
  • RAM 1 - RAM 9 are memories.
EP19840901398 1983-03-31 1984-03-29 Feuermeldegerät Expired EP0148949B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58053900A JPH0610837B2 (ja) 1983-03-31 1983-03-31 火災感知装置
JP53900/83 1983-03-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0148949A1 true EP0148949A1 (de) 1985-07-24
EP0148949A4 EP0148949A4 (de) 1988-02-23
EP0148949B1 EP0148949B1 (de) 1991-05-22

Family

ID=12955591

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840901398 Expired EP0148949B1 (de) 1983-03-31 1984-03-29 Feuermeldegerät

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0148949B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0610837B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3484620D1 (de)
WO (1) WO1984003976A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2206433A (en) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-05 Nittan Co Ltd Environmental abnormality alarm apparatus
WO1991009390A1 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-27 Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate S.P.A. Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests
FR2708121A1 (fr) * 1993-07-21 1995-01-27 Sicli Automatismes Dispositif de détection d'une caractéristique liée directement ou indirectement à l'incendie.
EP0751488A1 (de) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-02 Hochiki Corporation Melder-Endgerät für ein System zur Verhinderung von Katastrophen
US5734335A (en) * 1989-12-20 1998-03-31 Finmeccanica S.P.A. Forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires
US5868729A (en) * 1994-04-29 1999-02-09 Pelfrey; Robert J. Surgical prosthesis insertion device

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61109196A (ja) * 1984-11-02 1986-05-27 ニツタン株式会社 防災用検出装置
JPS62295199A (ja) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-22 日本フエンオ−ル株式会社 感知器
JPS63159484U (de) * 1987-04-03 1988-10-19
JPH0195395A (ja) * 1987-10-08 1989-04-13 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd 火災警報装置
JP2577009B2 (ja) * 1987-10-22 1997-01-29 能美防災株式会社 火災警報装置
JP2690317B2 (ja) * 1988-03-18 1997-12-10 能美防災株式会社 火災警報装置
JP2831655B2 (ja) * 1988-07-14 1998-12-02 能美防災株式会社 差動式火災警報装置
JP4676253B2 (ja) * 2005-05-31 2011-04-27 理研計器株式会社 ガス検知器
JP2012074086A (ja) * 2012-01-16 2012-04-12 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 警報装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2380542A1 (fr) * 1977-02-15 1978-09-08 Security Patrols Co Installation de detection de flammes
EP0036276A2 (de) * 1980-03-19 1981-09-23 Hochiki Corporation Feueralarmsystem

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50123299A (de) * 1974-03-15 1975-09-27
JPS5631625A (en) * 1979-08-24 1981-03-31 Hochiki Corp Smoke detector of photoelectronic type
JPS56133548A (en) * 1980-03-25 1981-10-19 Shigeo Kobayashi Fan device for air exhaust
JPS5927395A (ja) * 1982-08-05 1984-02-13 ニツタン株式会社 警報装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2380542A1 (fr) * 1977-02-15 1978-09-08 Security Patrols Co Installation de detection de flammes
EP0036276A2 (de) * 1980-03-19 1981-09-23 Hochiki Corporation Feueralarmsystem

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8403976A1 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2206433A (en) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-05 Nittan Co Ltd Environmental abnormality alarm apparatus
GB2206433B (en) * 1987-06-30 1991-06-19 Nittan Co Ltd Environmental abnormality alarm apparatus
WO1991009390A1 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-27 Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate S.P.A. Fire fighting system mainly conceived to safeguard forests
US5734335A (en) * 1989-12-20 1998-03-31 Finmeccanica S.P.A. Forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires
FR2708121A1 (fr) * 1993-07-21 1995-01-27 Sicli Automatismes Dispositif de détection d'une caractéristique liée directement ou indirectement à l'incendie.
US5868729A (en) * 1994-04-29 1999-02-09 Pelfrey; Robert J. Surgical prosthesis insertion device
EP0751488A1 (de) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-02 Hochiki Corporation Melder-Endgerät für ein System zur Verhinderung von Katastrophen
US5715177A (en) * 1995-06-30 1998-02-03 Hochiki Corporation Terminal sensing device for a disaster prevention monitoring system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0610837B2 (ja) 1994-02-09
WO1984003976A1 (en) 1984-10-11
JPS59180694A (ja) 1984-10-13
EP0148949B1 (de) 1991-05-22
EP0148949A4 (de) 1988-02-23
DE3484620D1 (de) 1991-06-27

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