EP0146140B1 - Process for metal forming - Google Patents

Process for metal forming Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0146140B1
EP0146140B1 EP84115695A EP84115695A EP0146140B1 EP 0146140 B1 EP0146140 B1 EP 0146140B1 EP 84115695 A EP84115695 A EP 84115695A EP 84115695 A EP84115695 A EP 84115695A EP 0146140 B1 EP0146140 B1 EP 0146140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
metal
workpiece
weight
lubricating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84115695A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0146140A2 (en
EP0146140A3 (en
Inventor
Takao Uematsu
Shigeki Komatsuzaki
Tomoe Takamura
Fumio Nakano
Toshikazu Narahara
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Publication of EP0146140A3 publication Critical patent/EP0146140A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C10M2215/082—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms] containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2215/122—Phtalamic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
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    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for metal forming employing a substantially water-free liquid lubricant.
  • a lubricant for metal forming must have a satisfactory lubricating ability up to an elevated temperature caused by deformation, friction, etc. and also to increasing new surface area of a workpiece created by the metal formation.
  • the lubricants so far proposed for this purpose are water-soluble or water-insoluble liquid lubricants containing mineral oil or synthetic oil or their mixture as the major component and further containing a semi-solid lubricant such as metal soap, beef tallow, etc., a sulfur-based, chlorine-based, or phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, or a solid lubricant such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, etc.
  • lubricants can be used, without any problem, for the metal forming with low reduction of area, but in the case of high reduction of area which produces a higher temperature or a higher surface pressure, or in the case of forming products of complicated shapes, their load-carrying capacity, heat resistance, etc. are not satisfactory, resulting in galling.
  • For the lubrication for larger plastic deformation, or forming products of complicated shapes it has been so far proposed to plate a workpiece surface with a soft metal, such as copper, etc., or to coat a workpiece surface with a plastic resin film.
  • a phosphate coating process comprising a series of such steps as defatting-water washing-acid pickling-phosphating-water washing-neutralization treatment-metal soap lubrication treatment-heat drying of a workpiece is also well known.
  • FR-A-2 289 601 discloses a process for cold and hot metal forming, respectively. Said process is characterized by the use of a lubricant which consists of a monocarboxylic tetraester of pentaerythritol, a phosphorus containing compound as well as a mineral oil.
  • the composition used in said process is an emulsion of oily components in an aqueous phase which additionally comprises an emulsifier.
  • the amount of phosphorus compound in said composition is very low, i.e., restricted to the range of 0.1 to 1.1 parts per 100 parts of mineral oil.
  • Such composition could not meet the requirements of liquid lubricants for metal forming under high pressure, for example to keep an excellent lubricating ability even under high reductions of area.
  • an acidic lubricant for cold forming which is prepared by reaction of a multivalent metal cation, orthophosphate, and alkyl alcohol or alkylaryl alcohol having 10 to 36 carbon atoms, and which has a water content of not more than 20% by weight has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication Kokai (Laid-open) No.
  • liquid or paste lubricants further containing mineral oil, carboxylic acid, and alkylamine besides the said lubricant components, lubricants for cold forming, which comprises 30 to 94% by weight of a lubricant such as mineral oil, oleic acid, or oleylamine, 5 to 60% by weight of a reaction product of a multivalent metal cationic salt, polyphosphoric acid and an alcohol having 10 to 36 carbon atoms in a ratio of the metal cation : P2O5 : the alcohol 1 : 3-60 : 14-150 by weight, and 0.5 to 10% by weight of water have been proposed (U.S. Patent No. 3,932,287).
  • These lubricants show good results in drawing processing of pipes, etc., but fail to meet the requirements for forming steel workpieces with high reduction of area.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process for metal forming in a very simple manner in forming a lubricating film, using a substantially water-free, liquid lubricant for metal forming, which can keep an excellent lubricating ability even under high reductions of area which produces a higher temperature and a higher pressure, and can give a distinguished formability during the cold forming.
  • a lubricating film having a good heat resistance and a good lubricating ability is formed on at least contact part between the surface of a die and the surface of a metallic workpiece such as a steel workpiece by virtue of the heat generated by deformation, or friction during the metal forming only by wetting the surface with a substantially water-free, liquid lubricant for metal forming, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a lubricating oil having a viscosity of 50 to 200 mm2/sec at 40°C and 2 to 30 parts by weight of at least one phosphoric acid monoester represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkylalkenyl group or an aryl group, and then pressing the workpiece against the die, thereby carrying out metal forming while forming a lubricating film on the surface of the workpiece.
  • a lubricating film having a good heat resistance and a good lubricating ability is formed on at least the contact part between the surface of a die and the surface of a metallic workpiece by virtue of the heat generated by deformation or friction during the metal forming only by wetting the surface with a substantially water-free, liquid lubricant for-metal forming, which additionally comprises at least one of fatty acid, fatty acid amide, and metal soap.
  • the lubricating oil for use in the process of the present invention is the ordinary, commercially available lubricating oil, including, for example, mineral oil, synthetic oil such as ester oil, ether oil, silicone oil and fluorinated oil, and their mixtures.
  • the phosphoric acid monoesters for use in the present invention include, for example, monomethyl phosphate, monoisopropyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, monooctyl phosphate, monoisodecyl phosphate, monododecyl phosphate, monotridecyl phosphate, monooctadecyl phosphate, monooleyl phosphate, monophenyl phosphate, etc.
  • the phosphoric acid monoesters can be used in the form of solution or suspension or dispersion in said lubricating oil. In the case of dispersion, it is preferable to add an emulsifying agent thereto.
  • Preferable emulsifying agent includes polybutenylsuccinic acid imide or ester obtained by reaction of polybutenylsuccinic acid anhydride with an amine or alcohol, copolymers of polybutenylsuccinic acid ester and polymethacrylate or polyolefin, etc.
  • the fatty acid and fatty acid amide for use in the present invention are natural fatty acids, synthetic fatty acids and fatty acid amide prepared by condensation reaction of fatty acid and amine, and include, for example, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, cis-9-cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, cis-9-cis-12-cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 9-decenoic acid, cis-9-octadecenoic acid, heptanoic acid, and their amides, for example, hexanamide, butanamide, octanamide, nonanamide, decanetriamide, undecanamide, dodecanamide
  • the metal soap for use in the present invention includes, for example, soap obtained by reaction of fatty acid having not more than 22 carbon atoms with a metal such as an alkali metal or nickel.
  • a liquid lubricant which comprises employing (a) a lubricating oil and (b) a phosphoric acid monoester represented by the general formula (1)
  • Below 2 parts by weight of the phosphoric acid monoester formation of a lubricating film is deteriorated and a sufficient formability cannot be obtained, so that galling may sometimes occur, whereas above 30 parts by weight thereof, no better formability can be obtained and such excessive addition is not economical.
  • a liquid lubricant which comprises employing (a) a lubricating oil, (b) a phosphoric acid monoester represented by the general formula (1), and (c) at least one of fatty acid, fatty acid amide and metal soap, it is essential to use 2 to 30 parts by weight of the phosphoric acid monoester and preferred to use 1 to 20 parts by weight of at least one of fatty acid, fatty acid amide and metal soap per 100 parts by weight of the lubricating oil.
  • an emulsifying agent can be used, where it is desirable to use 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of the emulsifying agent per 100 parts by weight of the lubricating oil.
  • a liquid lubricant comprises 100 parts by weight of a lubricating oil (viscosity: 50 to 200 mm2/sec at 40°C), 2 to 30 parts by weight of a phosphoric acid monoester such as monobutyl phosphate, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight of fatty acid such as heptanoic acid, and optionally 1 to 5 parts by weight of an emulsifying agent such as polybutenylsuccinic acid ester.
  • the lubricating film obtained from this liquid lubricant has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m or less, which is considerably smaller than the thickness of the conventional phosphate coating film, e.g. about 10 ⁇ m, though the formability of the present lubricating film is equivalent or superior to that of the conventional one, and particularly a more smooth forming surface can be obtained.
  • the liquid lubricant can be put into service only by wetting the surface of a metallic workpiece or a die for metal forming with the present liquid lubricant according to the well known method, for example, by spraying, brushing, dipping, etc., followed by metal forming, or can be also used by heating either the present liquid lubricant or the metallic workpiece and dipping the metallic workpiece into the lubricant, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of metallic workpiece.
  • a metallic workpiece is dipped into the liquid lubricant heated to at least 50°C for 0.5 - 10 minutes, for example, 100°C for 0.5 minutes, whereby a lubricating film having a lubricating effect equivalent or superior to that of the conventional phosphate coating film and a high rust-proof effect on the metallic workpiece can be very readily formed.
  • the present invention can considerably shorten the lubricating film-forming process.
  • An antioxidant for preventing deterioration of the present liquid lubricant, a rust proof agent for preventing a metallic workpiece from rust, etc. can be added to the liquid lubricant, so far as they are not in ranges to deteriorate the desired lubricating effect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a workpiece used for evaluation of the properties of lubricants.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an extrusion die used for evaluation of the properties of lubricants.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing relationship between the reduction of area or extrusion diameter and forming limit temperature (°C) according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing relationship between the content of fatty acid and the forming limit temperature (°C).
  • the present liquid lubricants having compositions shown in Table 1, where mineral oil (FBK150 R , trademark of a product made by Nippon Oil Company, Ltd., Japan) was used as a base oil, were applied to the surfaces of workpiece 2 , as shown in Fig.
  • mineral oil FBK150 R , trademark of a product made by Nippon Oil Company, Ltd., Japan
  • the workpieces 2 were subjected to metal forming by forward extrusion with a hard metal die 5 with an extrusion angle of 120° and an extrusion diameter of 5 mm (reduction of area: 75%) and a punch 1 , as shown in Fig. 2, to evaluate the formability.
  • the results of evaluation are shown in Table 2.
  • a band heater 4 was provided around the die 5 to elevate the die temperature from the room temperature stagewise, for example, by 5 to 20°C for each stage, and 20 - 30 workpieces 2 of each Example, to which the liquid lubricants were applied, were subjected to metal forming, and maximum formable temperatures up to which no galling developed on the surfaces of workpieces after the metal forming were measured.
  • a higher maximum formable temperature has a better formability of the lubricant.
  • Forming load at the maximum formable temperature is obtained by recording an extrusion pressure at the forming by a strain gage.
  • the conventional lubricants used for comparison with the liquid lubricants used in the process of the invention are as follows:
  • Comparative Example 1 Commercially available oil for metal forming similar to that of Comparative Example 1, which comprises a mixture of mineral oil and ester oil as a base oil, and fatty acid, oleic acid, and chlorinated hydrocarbon compound as additives was used.
  • the liquid lubricants for metal forming were prepared by mixing polyol ester oil having a viscosity of 56 mm2/sec at 40°C with octanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanamide and phosphoric acid monoester as shown in Table 3 by means of a high speed mixer.
  • the liquid lubricants were applied to workpieces of chromium-molybdenum steel and the formability and forming load of the lubricants were measured by means of the same die as used in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.
  • liquid lubricants for metal forming were parepared from compositions of mineral oil having a viscosity of 150 mm2/sec at 40°C, fatty acid, fatty acid amide and metal soap shown in Table 5.
  • the forming loads and formabilities are shown in Table 7.
  • the liquid lubricants containing mineral oil having a viscosity of 56 mm2/sec at 40°C (FBK-56, a product made by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd., Japan) and/or polyol ester oil having a viscosity of 56 mm2 /sec at 40°C, shown in Table 8, were used as a lubricating film-treating agent for a metallic workpiece.
  • FBK-56 a product made by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd., Japan
  • polyol ester oil having a viscosity of 56 mm2 /sec at 40°C shown in Table 8
  • Fig. 3 a diagram showing relationship between the reduction of area (%) or extrusion diameter (mm) on the abscissa and the forming limit temperature (°C) on the ordinate according to typical Examples of the present invention and Comparative Example is given, where the reduction of area (%) is given by the following formula:
  • liquid lubricants used according to the invention have better formabilities than the conventional one.
  • the formable limit temperatures were measured up to 280°C, but those which seem to have higher formable limit temperatures are indicated by the upward arrow mark ⁇ on the curve.
  • Fig. 3 examples consisting only of mineral oil, of mineral oil and fatty acid and of mineral oil and metal soap are shown for comparison, which have considerably poor formabilities.
  • liquid lubricants consisting of 100 parts by weight of mineral oil having a viscosity of 150 mm2/sec at 40°C, 1 to 30 parts by weight of monobutyl phosphate, 1 to 12 parts by weight of heptanoic acid, and 1 part by weight of polybutenylsuccinic acid ester as an emulsifying agent were prepared and their formabilities were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the results are shown in Fig. 4.
  • preferable ranges are 2 to 30 parts by weight of monobutyl phosphate and 1 to 10 parts by weight of heptanoic acid.
  • the liquid lubricant used in the present process for metal forming can form a dense and heat-resistant lubricating film on the frictional surface of a workpiece or die by virtue of the heat generated during the forming owing to a synergistic effect of phosphoric acid monoester and fatty acid or aliphatic acid amide or metal soap as added to lubricating oil, and thus can be used in forming of parts with higher reduction of area or articles with more complicated shape than the conventional lubricant for the forming.
  • the lubricating film formed by dipping a heated workpiece into the liquid lubricant or by dipping a workpiece into the heated liquid lubricant used according to the present invention has a formability equivalent to that obtained by phosphate film treatment. Furthermore, only one run of film treatment is enough in the process of the present invention, and thus the present invention can greatly contribute to simplification of the process and cost reduction.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP84115695A 1983-12-19 1984-12-18 Process for metal forming Expired - Lifetime EP0146140B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58237828A JPS60130693A (ja) 1983-12-19 1983-12-19 金属加工用潤滑油及びその使用方法
JP237828/83 1983-12-19

Publications (3)

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EP0146140A2 EP0146140A2 (en) 1985-06-26
EP0146140A3 EP0146140A3 (en) 1986-09-17
EP0146140B1 true EP0146140B1 (en) 1991-04-03

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EP (1) EP0146140B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS60130693A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
KR (1) KR880000067B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE3484387D1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6103675A (en) * 1997-03-12 2000-08-15 Clariant Gmbh Phosphoric esters as extreme pressure additives

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MY101125A (en) * 1985-12-23 1991-07-31 Kao Corp Gel-like emulsion and o/w emulsions obtained from gel-like emulsion
JPH0393897A (ja) * 1989-09-06 1991-04-18 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 金属加工油組成物
JP2002037988A (ja) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-06 Oiles Ind Co Ltd 摺動部材用樹脂組成物および摺動部材
CN1263893C (zh) * 2001-05-09 2006-07-12 西铁城钟表株式会社 减少最大扭距用的组合物、使用该组合物的具有滑动部分的部件以及使用该组合物的压入配合方法
DE10256639A1 (de) * 2002-12-03 2004-06-24 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Schmierstoffbeschichtetes Metallblech mit verbesserten Umformeigenschaften
JP2010037500A (ja) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-18 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 潤滑油組成物
SA119400826B1 (ar) 2018-06-16 2022-05-17 انديان اويل كوربوريشين ليمتد طريقة لعمل تركيبات معدنية قابلة للذوبان في الهيدروكربون
CN109181835A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-11 广西大学 一种含氮双相不锈钢板材静液挤压加工工艺润滑油组合物
JP7731324B2 (ja) * 2021-08-27 2025-08-29 株式会社ネオス 金属加工油剤、金属加工液、金属の腐食抑制方法及び金属加工方法
CN116814324B (zh) * 2023-06-25 2025-01-21 洛斯石油（浙江）有限公司 一种电池外壳用拉伸润滑油及其制备方法

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US2391631A (en) * 1943-03-05 1945-12-25 Du Pont Compositions and processes
NL131056C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1959-12-31
GB1365943A (en) * 1970-09-16 1974-09-04 Gaf Corp Metalworking additive and composition and process for making the same
GB1520422A (en) * 1974-10-31 1978-08-09 Exxon Research Engineering Co Industrial lubricant
US4612127A (en) * 1983-09-28 1986-09-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Lubricant for metal forming and process for metal forming
DE3413941A1 (de) * 1984-04-13 1985-10-24 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Schmiermittel fuer die metallbearbeitung

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6103675A (en) * 1997-03-12 2000-08-15 Clariant Gmbh Phosphoric esters as extreme pressure additives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3484387D1 (de) 1991-05-08
EP0146140A2 (en) 1985-06-26
JPS60130693A (ja) 1985-07-12
JPH0439518B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1992-06-29
KR850004262A (ko) 1985-07-11
EP0146140A3 (en) 1986-09-17
KR880000067B1 (ko) 1988-02-22

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