EP0143231A2 - Dispositif de séparation de particules métalliques - Google Patents
Dispositif de séparation de particules métalliques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0143231A2 EP0143231A2 EP84110928A EP84110928A EP0143231A2 EP 0143231 A2 EP0143231 A2 EP 0143231A2 EP 84110928 A EP84110928 A EP 84110928A EP 84110928 A EP84110928 A EP 84110928A EP 0143231 A2 EP0143231 A2 EP 0143231A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal detector
- metal
- sorting
- counter
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
- B07C5/362—Separating or distributor mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0036—Sorting out metallic particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for sorting out metal particles from a flow of conveyed material, for example a flow of regrind or granulate, with a metal detector installed in a conveying line and contactlessly scanning the conveyed material flow, a sorting switch arranged in the conveying direction behind the metal detector, which can be switched between two end positions and in one end position connects the delivery line to a delivery port and in the other end position the delivery line to an ejection port, and with an actuation mechanism controlled by the metal detector for controlling the sorting switch in dependence on the signals of the metal detector such that when the metal detector contains a metal particle recognizes, the flow of goods to be conveyed is temporarily directed through the discharge nozzle and then the flow of goods to be conveyed back into the delivery nozzle conducts when the metal particle is precipitated, wherein the conveyor line between the metal detector and the sorting gate has a length which corresponds at least to the minimum length formed from the product of the conveying speed and the reaction time of the metal detector and the sorting gate.
- the excretory member designed as a guide tube, is pivoted in a housing at the end adjacent to the metal detector and can be pivoted with its lower end back and forth via an opening mechanism actuated by the metal detector.
- the metal detector works inductively and scans the material to be conveyed without contact.
- the metal detector has a passage opening penetrated by an alternating electromagnetic field, which is aligned with the guide tube, so that the material to be conveyed is passed through the metal detector and the guide tube. If there is a metal particle in the material to be conveyed, the metal detector responds and emits a switching signal that controls the actuating mechanism for the guide tube.
- the guide tube is pivoted from its starting position (good side) to the second end position, the bad side. After a certain dwell time in which the metal particle has separated out, the guide tube is pulled back into the starting position by a return spring.
- This known device works very reliably, but can only be used in an open conveyor system in which the material to be conveyed passes the device in free fall. If the material to be conveyed is conveyed at a certain constant speed, the required distance between the metal detector can be and calculate the separating member very precisely in order to achieve a safe separation of metal particles in the conveyed material at a specific conveying speed of the conveyed material and the response delay of the separating mechanism.
- the excretion member is reset after a certain fixed period of time, which is independent of the conveying speed of the conveyed material. For example, at relatively high conveying speeds, the metal particle may already have left the device while the period for the reset has not yet expired. So unnecessarily good material is excreted. It can also happen that several metal particles enter the device one after the other and that, for example, the last metal particle is in the excretory organ when it is reset. This metal particle is not excreted. In the known devices, there is therefore no control as to whether the metal particles that have entered the device have also left the device before the excretion member is reset.
- a device for closed pipe systems and suction conveyor systems is also known (brochure MONTAN Plast Automation GmbH., Isny, Germany), which consists of a metal detector built into the material line, a pneumatically operated discharge flap connected downstream and a failure container connected to the ejection nozzle via a hose, the is connected to the delivery line again via an air filter and a further connecting hose. A pressure drop during the excretion is avoided.
- this known device has quite bulky dimensions and is therefore very bulky in practice. For example, the distance between the metal detector and the sorting gate can be several meters depending on the conveying speed of the material to be conveyed.
- An object of the invention is to arrange the metal detector as close as possible to the sorting switch even at relatively high conveying speeds of the conveyed material, without falling below the reaction time.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in a device of the type initially characterized in that the distance between the metal detector and the sorting gate is smaller than the minimum length and that the delivery line in the area between the metal detector and the sorting gate is designed as a delay line which has at least one Has deflection or bend.
- the advantages of the invention consist in a shorter overall length than the known devices, which simplifies handling, and in a reduction in the amount of material to be conveyed which is passed through the ejection nozzle when a metal particle is being sorted out.
- the invention is based initially on the fact that with a certain, uncontrollable reaction time, which the device needs to operate the switch after the detection of a metal particle, and at a maximum conveying speed of the conveyed material, there is a certain conveying path between the metal detector and the switch must in order to safely separate a metal particle.
- this does not mean, as is the case in the prior art, that the distance between the metal detector and the sorting switch must be equal to the length of the conveyor line between the metal detector and the switch. Rather, the distance between the two parts can be significantly reduced without falling below the minimum length of the delivery line between the parts.
- the minimum length of the delivery line between the metal detector and the sorting gate need not be straight, but can be curved in a certain shape.
- the conveying speed of the material to be conveyed depends on the shape and the number of curvatures, so that a delay effect occurs which enables a further reduction in the distance between the metal detector and sorting switch or the conveying line length between the two parts.
- a small metal particle of low weight e.g. an aluminum chip
- a heavy metal particle e.g. a steel nut
- Another object of the invention is to provide a device for sorting out metal parts, in which the sorting switch is immediately reset regardless of the conveying speed of the material flow when a metal part has passed the sorting switch.
- a second non-contact metal detector is arranged on or behind the discharge nozzle, which detects the flow of conveyed material deflected by the discharge nozzle and which controls the actuating mechanism of the sorting switch in such a way that the delivery line is reset to the discharge nozzle when a Metal particle that has excited the first metal detector, then comes into the response range of the second metal detector.
- the sorting switch is immediately reset by the second metal detector when a metal particle passes the second metal detector. In this way it is prevented changes that a larger amount of the conveyed material flow is directed into the discharge nozzle.
- the device can be designed in such a way that the metal particles entering and exiting the device are checked, and within a comparison interval it is determined whether the metal particles which have entered and which were recognized by the first metal detector subsequently also pass the second metal detector to have. For this purpose, the metal particles that pass through each of the two metal detectors are counted and the two counter readings are compared with one another. In the event of a tie, the sorting gate is reset to its rest position.
- the switch is swung back after the time function has expired and the counters are deleted. If If a signal is sent from the second metal detector within the running time of the time function, the time function is interrupted and the sorting gate reset. The control of the sorting gate via the counter therefore has priority. In the event that a metal particle enters the device in which the first metal detector does not respond, there is no danger because this metal particle is also of a size that is not critical to the processing process of the material to be conveyed.
- the counter of the first metal detector thus has a counter reading n that is greater than "1".
- the metal particles could clump together in the device due to different speeds, so that the counter of the first metal detector still has a counter reading n-1, although all metal parts have passed the second metal detector.
- a provision is also made in this operating case.
- the sorting is reset by a time function or a timer. It would be possible that one or more metal particles were still in the device and would not be excreted.
- the time function is expediently deleted and restarted after each increase in the counter reading of the second counter. If the counter reading from the second counter is equal to the counter reading n of the first counter, the sorting gate is reset and the counters are deleted.
- any installation position is possible with the device according to the invention.
- the conveying by the device should advantageously take place vertically from top to bottom in this operating mode, so that after switching off the funding that is still in the device conveyed goods can pass or trickle down in free fall. This ensures that a metal particle that has entered the device can also leave it again. It is only necessary to ensure that the delivery line between the first metal detector and the sorting switch has a sufficiently large gradient at every point.
- the devices shown in the figures of the drawings are suitable for installation in a suction or pressure conveyor y stem.
- the medium is air.
- first metal detector 12 installed at the entrance to a nozzle 11 of the delivery line 10 and contactlessly scanning the delivery flow
- a sorting switch 13 arranged at a certain distance from the first metal detector 12, with a delivery nozzle 14 and an ejection nozzle 15, a separation element 16 and an actuation mechanism 17 actuated by the first metal detector 12.
- the devices furthermore contain a second metal detector 18 arranged directly behind the ejection nozzle 15. Between the first metal detector 12 and the sorting switch 13, the delivery line 10, which ends at the outlet of the device in a connecting piece 19, runs in a non-linear manner .
- the sorting switches 13 of the devices according to FIGS. 1 and 5 are identical and have a slightly inclined position relative to the inlet and outlet ports 11 and 19, respectively.
- the sorting switch 13 is made of a solid metal block, for example aluminum, and is divided lengthways. In each half 131, 132 a part of the longitudinally extending delivery nozzle 14 and a part of the discharge nozzle 15 branching off from the delivery nozzle 14 at an acute angle are formed, for example milled out.
- the two halves 131, 132 are connected to one another by screws 20, the two halves of the delivery nozzle 14 and the ejection nozzle 15 complementing one another to form a complete delivery or ejection nozzle 14 and 15, respectively.
- the excretory member 16 is mounted in the gusset, which is formed by the two connecting pieces 14 and 15, the excretory member 16 is mounted.
- the bearing axis 21 protrudes from the sorting gate body on one side.
- the actuating mechanism 17 acts on it via a lever joint 22.
- At the elimination body 16 it is a flap that opens the delivery port 14 in one end position and closes the ejection port 15 and vice versa closes the delivery port 14 in the other end position and opens the ejection port 15, so that in this position the flow rate for a certain adjustable period of time the ejection nozzle is directed when a metal particle contained in the flow has come into the response range of the first metal detector 12.
- a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder serves as the actuating mechanism 17.
- another drive e.g. Electromagnet or linear motor can be used.
- the first metal detector 12 has a greater sensitivity than the second metal detector 18.
- the metal detectors 12 and 18 inductively scan the conveyed material flowing through their passage opening and generate a control signal when a metal particle is in its response range.
- the metal detector 12 is connected to a control part 24 and a first counter 25 via a control line 23.
- the metal detector 18 is also connected to a second counter 27 via a control line 26.
- Both counters 25 and 27 are connected to an evaluation circuit 28 with a time function, which is connected to the control part 24.
- the control part 24 converts the control signals coming from the metal detector 12 or the evaluation circuit 28 into switching signals by means of which the actuating mechanism 17 is controlled, possibly via a converter stage 29.
- the separating member 16 closes the ejection nozzle 15, and the material to be conveyed can pass freely through the conveyor nozzle 14. If the material to be conveyed contains a metal particle that comes into the response range of the metal detector 12, the latter emits a control signal and the separating member 16 is pivoted from its starting position into the second end position by the actuating mechanism 17, whereby the ejection nozzle 15 is opened and the conveyor nozzle 14 is closed . The flow is deflected by the ejection nozzle 15.
- the counter 25 is advanced by one unit. If the metal particle comes into the response range of the second metal detector 18, the counter 27 is advanced by one unit by its control signal. Both counters 25 and 27 therefore have the same counter reading. The two counter readings are compared with one another in the evaluation circuit 28. If there is a match, the excretion member 16 is returned to its starting position via the control part 24 and the actuating mechanism 17. The flow of material to be conveyed is thus conducted back through the delivery nozzle 14 when the metal particle has been discharged through the ejection connector 15. The evaluation circuit 28 checks whether all metal particles that have entered the device have been discharged through the ejection nozzle 15. 5 of the drawing, all of the electrical assemblies described above are combined in the function block 30.
- the described mode of operation relates only to one of the possible operating cases in which the metal particles enter the Enter the device and leave it again so that a full actuation rhythm can run for each metal particle.
- Operating case II only occurs when the metal detectors are functioning properly if a metal particle detaches itself from the device in the area of the ejection connector 15 and activates the metal detector 18.
- the conveyor line 10 From the entry of a metal particle into the response range of the metal detector 12 to the actuation of the separating member 16, a certain reaction time passes, which cannot be influenced. Therefore, a certain minimum length of the conveyor line 10 must be present between the metal detector 12 and the sorting switch 13, so that it is always ensured that the response time is shorter than the time it takes for a metal particle to pass from the metal detector 12 through the conveyor line 10 to the sorting switch 13 to arrive.
- the distance between the metal detector 12 and the sorting switch 13 is smaller than the length of the delivery line 10 between these two parts.
- the conveyor line 10 according to FIG. 1 has a loop or a deflection 31. An additional delay effect occurs due to the deflection 31, so that the distance between the ends of the delivery line 10 is smaller than in the case of straight line routing. This also applies to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5 to 9.
- the delivery line 10 is bent as a helical coil 32. There are two turns in total. Depending on the requirements, more or fewer turns can of course also be provided. It essentially depends on the conveying speed. The pitch of the helix 32 can also be varied. When conveying granular material, however, it is advantageous if the incline is so large that, when the conveyor is at a standstill, the residual amount remaining in the conveying line automatically trickles through the device. This is true in the rest of also true for the embodiments according Fi g n. 1 and 9. There are also applications where this effect is not important is, for example, in continuous operation. In this case, the delivery line 10 can be designed freely and, for example, can be designed as a pipe loop 33 according to FIG. 6.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 Further options for the design of the delivery line 10 between the first metal detector 12 and the switch 13 are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the delivery line 10 is zigzag-shaped.
- cone-like guide segments 35 are arranged within a rectangular, elongated guide body 34 with an inlet connection 11 arranged on one end face and a cone-like guide segment 35 on the other end face, the inlet connection 11, between which the conveyed material flows.
- a total of six guide segments 35 are provided, between which the delivery line 10 is formed with a serpentine shape.
- more or fewer guide segments can also be provided.
- baffle plates 36 are arranged within the guide body 34. There are a total of five baffle plates 36 projecting from the walls of the guide body at an angle of 45 °, which partially overlap and result in a feed line 10 with a serpentine profile. Here, too, the number of sheets 36 can be increased or decreased.
- the delivery line 10 is formed as a meander 37 with two deflections 38 and an obliquely extending center piece 39.
- the delivery line 10 consists of a flexible, antistatic hose, so that the desired line shape can be bent in a simple manner and fixed by clamps 40.
- the switch 13 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 is in effect with the switch according to FIGS. 1 and 5 comparable, but has a slightly different structure.
- the switch 13 has a square shape there and consists of a base body 49 and a head plate 41 flanged on a longitudinal side of the base body.
- the delivery nozzle 14 is incorporated in the parting plane.
- the ejection nozzle 15 branches off at a right angle and is connected via a 360 ° pipe elbow 42 to a separation container 43, in which the material to be conveyed is separated from the conveying means.
- the conveyed material contaminated with metal particles passes through the discharge nozzle 44 into a collecting container (not shown) and the conveying means, e.g. Compressed air is cleaned by a filter 45 and returned through a return pipe 46 into the delivery pipe 14 behind the separating member 16.
- the device according to FIGS. 9 and 10 allow multiple installation positions.
- the separating container 43 has further discharge nozzles 47, 48, each offset by 90 ° with respect to one another.
- the separating container 43 is, as is apparent from FIG. 9, part of the base body 49 and consists of a cylindrical recess into which the return pipe 46 and the outlet pipe 44, 47 and 48 open.
- the opening of the separation container 43 is closed by a funnel-shaped cover 50.
- the second metal detector 18 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10 is plugged with its passage opening 51 onto the elbow 42 and scans the conveyed material directed by the first metal detector 12 through the ejection nozzle 15.
- the separating container 43 is formed separately from the switch 13 and has an inlet connection 52 and a return connection 46. With the inlet connection 52, the separating container 43 is at the ejection connection 15 of the switch 13 and with the return connection 46 behind the separating member 16 via the connecting connection 53 connected to the delivery nozzle 14.
- the air filter not shown, is located in the cover 54 of the separating container 43.
- the metal detector 18 is plugged with its passage opening onto the inlet connection 52 or the inlet connection is passed through the passage opening of the metal detector 18.
- the inlet connection 52 and the elbow 42 are made of non-conductive material in order to avoid influencing the metal detector 18.
- FIGS. 1 and 5 of the drawings are designed for a vertical arrangement in which the material to be conveyed passes through the device from top to bottom. Accordingly, the separating container 43 has only a single outlet nozzle 44 for a collecting container (not shown).
- the devices described in the exemplary embodiments are each mounted on a base plate 55 which can be installed in a housing 56.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833342878 DE3342878A1 (de) | 1983-11-26 | 1983-11-26 | Vorrichtung zum ausscheiden von metallteilen |
DE3342878 | 1983-11-26 | ||
DE3411859 | 1984-03-30 | ||
DE3411860 | 1984-03-30 | ||
DE19843411859 DE3411859A1 (de) | 1984-03-30 | 1984-03-30 | Vorrichtung zum aussortieren von metallteilchen |
DE19843411860 DE3411860A1 (de) | 1984-03-30 | 1984-03-30 | Vorrichtung zum aussortieren von metallteilchen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0143231A2 true EP0143231A2 (fr) | 1985-06-05 |
EP0143231A3 EP0143231A3 (fr) | 1988-02-03 |
Family
ID=27191461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84110928A Withdrawn EP0143231A3 (fr) | 1983-11-26 | 1984-09-13 | Dispositif de séparation de particules métalliques |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0143231A3 (fr) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0218882A2 (fr) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-04-22 | Pulsotronic Merten GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de triage de particules métalliques |
EP0266309A2 (fr) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-04 | Varicolor Ag | Appareil de séparation de corps étrangers, en particulier de particules métalliques dans un matériau apte à s'écouler |
US4977645A (en) * | 1988-07-23 | 1990-12-18 | Trutzschler Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus for removing foreign metal bodies from a fiber transporting duct |
DE3924566A1 (de) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Hamos Elektronik | Vorrichtung zum ausscheiden von metallteilchen aus rieselfaehigen schuettguetern (metallseparator) |
US5377847A (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1995-01-03 | Pulsotronic Merten Gmbh & Co. Kb | Device for separating metal particles from a flow of material |
DE4322345B4 (de) * | 1992-08-24 | 2005-12-08 | Jossi Holding Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausscheiden von Metallteilen aus einem Materialstrom |
DE102007058604A1 (de) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Putzmeister Concrete Pumps Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Fördern von Dickstoff |
EP2383039A2 (fr) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | Axel Schirp | Séparateur de métal |
DE202011100038U1 (de) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-12-27 | Axel Schirp | Metallabscheider |
CN113087451A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-09 | 苏永青 | 一种复合混凝土及其制备工艺 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4249660A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1981-02-10 | Aquasonics, Inc. | Potato sorting apparatus |
DE2944192A1 (de) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-05-14 | Harro Dipl.-Ing. 8191 Königsdorf Müller | Vorrichtung zur ausscheidung von metallteilchen |
FR2505682A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-12 | 1982-11-19 | Bertin & Cie | Machine de triage de grains, feves et amandes |
US4480753A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1984-11-06 | Metal Detectors, Inc. | Metal detector apparatus and method |
-
1984
- 1984-09-13 EP EP84110928A patent/EP0143231A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4249660A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1981-02-10 | Aquasonics, Inc. | Potato sorting apparatus |
US4480753A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1984-11-06 | Metal Detectors, Inc. | Metal detector apparatus and method |
DE2944192A1 (de) * | 1979-11-02 | 1981-05-14 | Harro Dipl.-Ing. 8191 Königsdorf Müller | Vorrichtung zur ausscheidung von metallteilchen |
FR2505682A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-12 | 1982-11-19 | Bertin & Cie | Machine de triage de grains, feves et amandes |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0218882A2 (fr) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-04-22 | Pulsotronic Merten GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de triage de particules métalliques |
EP0218882A3 (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1988-02-03 | Pulsotronic Merten Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for sorting metallic particles |
EP0266309A2 (fr) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-04 | Varicolor Ag | Appareil de séparation de corps étrangers, en particulier de particules métalliques dans un matériau apte à s'écouler |
EP0266309A3 (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1989-08-09 | Varicolor Ag | Apparatus for separating foreign parts, in particular metallic particles, from a flowable material |
US4863040A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1989-09-05 | Varicolor Ag | Apparatus for separating a contaminated portion of bulk material from a flow of bulk material |
US4977645A (en) * | 1988-07-23 | 1990-12-18 | Trutzschler Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus for removing foreign metal bodies from a fiber transporting duct |
DE3924566A1 (de) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Hamos Elektronik | Vorrichtung zum ausscheiden von metallteilchen aus rieselfaehigen schuettguetern (metallseparator) |
US5377847A (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1995-01-03 | Pulsotronic Merten Gmbh & Co. Kb | Device for separating metal particles from a flow of material |
DE4322345B4 (de) * | 1992-08-24 | 2005-12-08 | Jossi Holding Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausscheiden von Metallteilen aus einem Materialstrom |
DE102007058604A1 (de) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Putzmeister Concrete Pumps Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Fördern von Dickstoff |
EP2383039A2 (fr) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | Axel Schirp | Séparateur de métal |
DE202011100038U1 (de) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-12-27 | Axel Schirp | Metallabscheider |
CN113087451A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-09 | 苏永青 | 一种复合混凝土及其制备工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0143231A3 (fr) | 1988-02-03 |
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