EP0139085B2 - Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles liquides ou gazeux avec diminution de la formation de NOx - Google Patents

Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles liquides ou gazeux avec diminution de la formation de NOx Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0139085B2
EP0139085B2 EP84106790A EP84106790A EP0139085B2 EP 0139085 B2 EP0139085 B2 EP 0139085B2 EP 84106790 A EP84106790 A EP 84106790A EP 84106790 A EP84106790 A EP 84106790A EP 0139085 B2 EP0139085 B2 EP 0139085B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
guide tube
burner
combustion
windbox
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84106790A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0139085A1 (fr
EP0139085B1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Oppenberg
Helmut Wiehn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke AG
Priority to AT84106790T priority Critical patent/ATE27854T1/de
Publication of EP0139085A1 publication Critical patent/EP0139085A1/fr
Publication of EP0139085B1 publication Critical patent/EP0139085B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels with reduced formation of NO x with the features of the first part of claim 1 or 8.
  • the combustion air can be fed in in partial flows, the combustion being carried out in a reducing manner in a first combustion zone.
  • a known burner US-A-4 004 875
  • the partial flows of the combustion air are supplied at intervals along the burner axis.
  • the proportion of primary air is less than the proportion of secondary air, so that an initial flame with insufficient UV radiation can occur.
  • a portion of the incompletely burned reaction products formed in the primary combustion zone is still sucked back and returned to the primary combustion zone.
  • the known burner is therefore particularly unsuitable for the combustion of heavy heating oil.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a burner for the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels, with the help of which the formation of NO x can be effectively suppressed during combustion with proper flame monitoring and without contamination of the burner.
  • the combustion air is supplied in two or more stages via concentric channels, the openings of which follow at intervals along the burner axis.
  • the return of flue gas via an injector intake by means of the primary air flow serves to further suppress NO x formation.
  • the flue gas is removed from the combustion chamber, where it is largely burned out, so that coking and contamination are avoided.
  • the high proportion of primary air generates an initial flame with sufficient UV radiation, which ensures perfect flame monitoring by means of a UV photo cell.
  • the large amount of primary air that is sucked back increases the amount of smoke gas.
  • the essential design elements of the oil and gas burners, which have proven themselves in operation, are retained.
  • the oil flame in the potential vortex is to be stabilized behind a sufficiently large impeller, and the oil nozzles and gas lances can be arranged in such a way that a stable, ignited initial flame is produced.
  • the burner arrangement consists of an air box 1 through which a burner lance 2 for oil and several burner lances for gas are passed.
  • the gas burner lances 3 are arranged around the oil burner lance 2.
  • An impeller 4 is attached to the oil burner lance 2.
  • the burner lance 2, 3 are surrounded by a first guide tube 5, the inlet opening 6 of which lies within the air box 1 and the outlet opening 7 of which lies within the burner mouth, which is represented by the burner groove 8.
  • a combustion chamber 9 connects to the burner groove 8.
  • the air box 1 is separated from the burner groove 8 by a cover plate 10 through which the first guide tube 5 projects.
  • a swirl device 11 and an air guide tube 12 are provided in front of its inlet opening 6.
  • the air guide tube 12 is axially adjustable via a linkage 13 guided to the outside. In one end position, the air guide tube 12 covers the air inlet cross section on the swirl device 11. In the other end position of the air guide tube 12, the air inlet cross section on the swirl device 11 is released and the rest of the inlet cross section to the first guide tube 5 is covered.
  • the former position of the air duct 12 is in the upper part and the other position is in the lower part of the Fi gur 1 shown. Intermediate positions between the two end positions are also possible.
  • a second guide tube 14 is arranged within the burner groove 8 in the longitudinal axis of the burner at an axial distance from the outlet opening 7 of the first guide tube 5 and the cover plate 10 of the air box 1.
  • the second guide tube 14 preferably consists of a conically widening section which is adjoined by a cylindrical section.
  • the second guide tube 14 is surrounded by a third guide tube 16 within the burner groove 8 at a distance, forming an annular channel 15.
  • This third guide tube 16 like the other two guide tubes 5, 14, can be metallic. Depending on the temperatures to be expected, the third guide tube 16 can also consist of a refractory ceramic material. According to FIG. 1, the third guide tube 16 can extend into the transition of the burner groove 8 into the combustion chamber 9 or, according to FIG. 2, also end shortly before the transition. The outlet cross section of the third guide tube 16 is closer to the combustion chamber 9 than the outlet cross section of the second guide tube 14.
  • the second guide tube 14 projects further into the burner groove 8 than the third guide tube 16.
  • the second guide tube 14 contains an outwardly directed deflection edge 28.
  • the second guide tube 14 can be provided with lateral bores 17, through which a connection between the ring channel 15 between the guide tubes 14, 16 and the interior of the second guide tube 14 is made.
  • the second guide tube 14 can also be extended by a tube section 18 which partially surrounds the second guide tube 14 within the third guide tube 16. In the direction of the combustion chamber 9, the inlet opening of this pipe section 18 is present and its outlet opening behind the outlet opening of the second guide pipe 14.
  • the annular channel 15 has thus been given two outlet cross sections one behind the other.
  • the ring channel 15 is closed at its end facing the air box 1 and connected to the air box 1 via connecting pipes 19.
  • the connecting pipes 19 can open into an air inlet chamber 20 which is formed within the air box 1 and which is open to the air box 1 via an inlet opening.
  • the inlet opening of the air inlet chamber 20 is adjustable via a drum slide 21 which can be axially displaced with the aid of a linkage 22. In the upper part of FIG. 1, the drum slide 21 has opened the inlet opening of the air inlet chamber 20, while in the lower part of FIG. 1 this inlet opening is closed.
  • the connecting pipes open directly into the air box.
  • the air inlet chamber 20 with the opening that can be adjusted via the drum slide 21 is then not present.
  • the third guide tube 16 is arranged at a radial distance from the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 and at an axial distance from the cover plate 10 of the air box 1. In this way, an annular connecting channel 24 is created, via which the combustion chamber 9 is connected to the interior of the second guide tube 14.
  • the wall 23 of the burner throat 8 can be formed by cooling pipes (FIG. 2) or be refractory-lined (FIG. 3). Training with cooling pipes is recommended if the burner is connected to a steam generator operated in forced flow.
  • the wall 23 of the burner groove 8 is surrounded by an annular chamber 25.
  • the annular chamber 25 is provided with an air connection 26, through which air is conveyed into the annular chamber 25 with the aid of a pressure-increasing blower.
  • the annular chamber 25 is connected to the air box 1.
  • an angled baffle plate 27, which laterally delimits the annular chamber 25 and is arranged at a distance from the wall 23 of the burner groove 8, serves to guide the air stream cooling the wall 23.
  • the ring line 29 is provided with nozzles through which water is sprayed into the connecting channel 24.
  • cooling air is blown through the annular duct 15 when the burner is at a standstill.
  • a cooling air line 30 is accommodated in the air box 1, which is supplied with cooling air from outside the air box 1.
  • the cooling air line can also be designed as a distribution box which is connected to the annular chamber 25 shown in FIG. 1 for cooling the wall 23 of the burner groove 8.
  • the cooling air line 30 is provided with pipe sockets 31 which protrude into the connecting pipes 19. The cooling air line 30 is only supplied with cooling air when the burner is at a standstill.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 can be operated both with air as the combustion medium using the intake of combustion gas from the combustion chamber 9 and with exhaust gas from a gas turbine as the combustion medium.
  • the air or the exhaust gas are optionally supplied to the air box 1.
  • a drum slide 32 is arranged in the air box 1 and can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the burner.
  • the cover plate 10, the Closes air box 1 to burner groove 8, is provided with an annular opening 33. This opening 33 is provided in the extension of the connecting channel 24.
  • the position of the drum slide 32 shown in the lower part of FIG. 5 is selected for the operation of the burner with air as the combustion medium. In this position, the drum slide 32 closes the opening 33, as a result of which combustion gases are sucked in from the combustion chamber 9 through the connecting channel 24 in the manner described so far by the injector action of the primary air.
  • the drum slide 32 When operating with exhaust gas from a gas turbine, the drum slide 32 is brought into the position shown in the upper part of FIG. 5. The drum slide 32 now opens the opening 33 so that the exhaust gas can flow through the connecting channel 24 in addition to the first guide tube 5 and the annular channel 15. In this way, a sufficiently large flow cross-section is made available to the exhaust gas.
  • the air volume is regulated by means of a control element located in the supply line.
  • the combustion air is divided into a primary air component and a secondary air component.
  • the primary air flows through the inner guide tube 5 and burns the fuel emerging from the oil burner lance 2 or the gas lances 3 in a flame under substoichiometric conditions.
  • the secondary air enters the annular duct 15 between the first and the second guide tubes 14, 16 via the connecting tubes 19.
  • the secondary air is fed in at an axial distance behind the primary air via the outlet opening of the second guide tube 14.
  • the embodiments of the second guide tube 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 split the secondary air again and add it to the flame in two successive stages.
  • the secondary air emerging from the ring channel 15 is directed outwards through the deflection edge 28, ie. H. distracted away from the flame. In this way, the mixing of the secondary air with the flame gases is further delayed.
  • the proportion of primary air in the total combustion air is greater than the proportion of secondary air and is between 60 and 80%, preferably about 70%.
  • the quantitative division of the combustion air takes place via the drum slide 21 or by dimensioning the flow cross-sections in accordance with the division.
  • the primary air is only swirled or only swirled axially or partly swirled and partly axially parallel to the burner mouth.
  • Fixed swirl devices are also possible in the path of the secondary air, so that secondary air can be supplied in an axially parallel flow or also swirled.
  • the injector effect which is exerted by the primary air flowing out of the first guide tube 5, means that burned-out smoke gases are sucked out of the combustion chamber 9.
  • These flue gases are led through the connecting channel 24 and the space between the inlet opening of the second guide tube 14 and the cover plate 10 of the air box 1 into the interior of the second guide tube 14. They come to the beginning of the flame between the primary air task and the secondary air task.
  • the sucked-in flue gases can be cooled in the interior of the second guide tube 14 before they are mixed with the flame gases. The cooling takes place by injecting water from the ring line 29 into the flow of the sucked-in flue gases. This cooling causes the flame temperature to rise less and thus contributes to a further reduction in the formation of NO x .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Claims (19)

1. Procédé de combustion de combustibles liquides et/ou gazeux dans une chambre de combustion, permettant de réduire la formation de NOX, l'air de combustion étant amené, en tant qu'air primaire d'une part et d'air secondaire d'autre part, en débits partiels, dans une direction d'écoulement symétrique par rapport à l'axe du brûleur, avec des décalages axiaux, et amené à la chambre de combustion, l'air primaire représentant une fraction de l'air de combustion total plus élevée que celle de l'air secondaire, et l'air de combustion créant un effet d'injection, grâce auquel les gaz de combustion à peu près totalement brûlés sont aspirés de la chambre de combustion après l'arrivée de l'air secondaire, caractérisé en ce que l'air primaire est amené exclusivement au moyen d'un tube conducteur central, en ce que l'air secondaire est amené concentriquement par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit annulaire délimité par deux autres tubes conducteurs situés à une certaine distance axiale de l'arrivée d'air primaire, et en ce que les gaz de combustion aspirés sont guidés dans l'espace situé entre l'amenée d'air primaire et l'amenée d'air secondaire, dans le tube conducteur interne du conduit annulaire et à la naissance de la flamme.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'air primaire est amené sous un débit partiel représentant environ 60 à 80 %, et de préférence environ 70 %, de l'air de combustion global.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'air secondaire est amené soit parallèlement à l'axe d'écoulement, soit en chicane.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'air primaire est amené parallèlement à l'axe d'écoulement ou en chicane, ou encore partiellement à l'axe d'écoulement et partiellement en chicane.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'air secondaire est distribué en plusieurs débits partiels débouchant sur le circuit des gaz de combustion en des points présentant un décalage axial.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'air secondaire est, à sa sortie dans la chambre de combustion, renvoyé vers l'extérieur.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les gaz de combustion aspirés sont, avant d'être mélangés aux gaz incandescents constituant la flamme, refroidis par injection d'eau.
8. Brûleur, pour la combustion de combustibles liquides et/ou gazeux dans une chambre de combustion (9), à l'aide d'air de combustion, réparti en air primaire et en air secondaire, permettant de réduire la formation de NOX, comportant des lances (2, 3) passant à travers un caisson d'air (1) séparé de la gorge (8) du brûleur par une plaque de recouvrement (10), les lances (2, 3) étant entourées d'un premier tube conducteur (5) destiné à guider l'air primaire et traversant la plaque de recouvrement (10) et dont l'entrée (7) est prévue à l'intérieur du caisson d'air (1) et la sortie (7) dans la gorge (8), le premier tube conducteur (5) étant entouré concentriquement par un guidage destiné à l'air secondaire et la chambre de combustion (9) étant reliée à l'amenée d'air primaire, par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit de retour (24) destiné à l'aspiration des gaz de combustion à peu près totalement brûlés, pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'en direction de l'axe du brûleur, à l'intérieur de la gorge (8) du brûleur, sont disposés un deuxième tube conducteur (14) et un troisième tube conducteur (16), entourant le deuxième tube conducteur (14) à un certaine distance axiale de la sortie du premier tube conducteur (5) et de la plaque de recouvrement (10), en ce qu'entre le deuxième et le troisième tubes de guidage (14, 16) se trouve un conduit annulaire (15) destiné au guidage de l'air secondaire, en ce que le conduit annulaire (15) est fermé à l'extrémité opposée au caisson d'air (1) est relié au caisson d'air (1) par l'intermédiaire de tubes de liaison (16), en vue de former le conduit de retour (24), à une certaine distance radiale de la cloison (23) de la gorge (8) du brûleur, en ce que le conduit de retour (24) est relié à l'extrémité côté entrée du deuxième tube conducteur (14) et en ce que par le premier tube conducteur (5) peut être amenée une quantité d'air supérieure à celle amenée par le conduit annulaire (15).
9. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que les tubes de liaison (19) débouchent dans une chambre d'entrée d'air (20) en liaison avec le caisson d'air (1) par une ouverture d'entrée se réglant par l'intermédiaire d'un registre annulaire (21).
10. Brûleur selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'ouverture de sortie du troisième tube conducteur (16) fait saillie au-dessus de l'ouverture de sortie du deuxième tube conducteur (14) en direction de la chambre de combustion.
11. Brûleur selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'ouverture de sortie du deuxième conducteur (14) fait saillie au-dessus de l'ouverture de sortie du troisième tube conducteur (16) en direction de la chambre de combustion (9) et est équipée d'un bec déflecteur (28) dirigé vers l'extérieur.
12. Brûleur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'ouverture de sortie du troisième tube conducteur (16) fait saillie jusqu'à la zone de transition de la gorge du brûleur (8) dans la chambre de combustion (9).
13. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que dans le deuxième tube conducteur (14), sont prévus des perçages latéraux (17).
14. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'entre les deuxième et troisième tubes conducteurs (14, 16), est prévu un secteur tubulaire (18) dont la section d'entrée est disposée, pour un observateur regardant dans le sens de la chambre de combustion (9), avant la section de sortie du deuxième tube conducteur (14) et dont la section de sortie est disposée après cette même section de sortie du deuxième tube conducteur (14).
15. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que la cloison (23) de la gorge (8) du brûleur est entourée d'une chambre annulaire (25) équipée d'un raccord d'air (26) et en communication avec le caisson d'air (1).
16. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que dans le prolongement orienté vers l'arrière du premier tube de guidage (5) à l'intérieur du caisson d'air (1), sont prévus un dispositif de chicane (11) et un tube d'air (12) à déplacement axial et que le tube d'air (12) recouvre, sur une position terminale, la section d'entrée d'air du dispositif de chicane (11) et, sur l'autre position terminale, la section d'entrée d'air du premier tube conducteur (5).
17. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'intérieur d'un conduit annulaire (24), est posée une tuyauterie annulaire (29) véhiculant de l'eau et pourvue de gicleurs.
18. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'intérieur du caisson d'air (1) est disposée une conduite d'air de refroidissement (30) équipée de tubulures (31) faisant saillie dans les tubes de liaison (19).
19. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que la plaque de recouvrement (10) est dotée, dans le prolongement du canal annulaire (24), d'une ouverture (33) et que cette ouverture (33) peut être obturée par un registre à tambour (32) disposé à l'intérieur du caisson d'air (1).
EP84106790A 1983-07-30 1984-06-14 Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles liquides ou gazeux avec diminution de la formation de NOx Expired - Lifetime EP0139085B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106790T ATE27854T1 (de) 1983-07-30 1984-06-14 Verfahren und brenner zum verbrennen von fluessigen oder gasfoermigen brennstoffen unter verminderter bildung von nox.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3327597 1983-07-30
DE19833327597 DE3327597A1 (de) 1983-07-30 1983-07-30 Verfahren und brenner zum verbrennen von fluessigen oder gasfoermigen brennstoffen unter verminderter bildung von nox

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0139085A1 EP0139085A1 (fr) 1985-05-02
EP0139085B1 EP0139085B1 (fr) 1987-06-16
EP0139085B2 true EP0139085B2 (fr) 1993-08-18

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ID=6205376

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EP84106790A Expired - Lifetime EP0139085B2 (fr) 1983-07-30 1984-06-14 Procédé et brûleur pour la combustion des combustibles liquides ou gazeux avec diminution de la formation de NOx

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4575332A (fr)
EP (1) EP0139085B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0713527B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE27854T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3327597A1 (fr)

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JPH0713527B2 (ja) 1995-02-15
EP0139085A1 (fr) 1985-05-02
JPS6038513A (ja) 1985-02-28
US4575332A (en) 1986-03-11
DE3464283D1 (en) 1987-07-23
ATE27854T1 (de) 1987-07-15
DE3327597A1 (de) 1985-02-07
DE3327597C2 (fr) 1992-07-16
EP0139085B1 (fr) 1987-06-16

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