EP0136305A1 - Installation de skiascopie - Google Patents

Installation de skiascopie

Info

Publication number
EP0136305A1
EP0136305A1 EP19840900834 EP84900834A EP0136305A1 EP 0136305 A1 EP0136305 A1 EP 0136305A1 EP 19840900834 EP19840900834 EP 19840900834 EP 84900834 A EP84900834 A EP 84900834A EP 0136305 A1 EP0136305 A1 EP 0136305A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
converging lens
distance
lens arrangement
focal length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19840900834
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfdietrich Steinhuber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0136305A1 publication Critical patent/EP0136305A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/103—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for skiascopy with an illumination device and a skiascope mirror, to which an aperture is connected on the examiner side.
  • a skiascope 5 The objective determination of the refractive condition of an eye can be determined without the test specimen being said.
  • the far point is the eye by means of suitable Vorsatzlin ⁇ sen in a practical for the examiner distance moved, and the retinoscope so arranged that the aperture plane passing through the point at infinity, then the 'refraction of about prü ⁇ fenden eye is due to the respective illumination his Determined pill.
  • the approximately parallel beam of light deflected by the illuminating device via the retinoscope mirror is directed onto the eye to be examined and is slowly moved so that it runs across the pupil.
  • the moving light bundle which is observed in the direction of incidence through the diaphragm, brings about a sharp and uniform illumination of the pupil to be examined, ie an abrupt change between darkness and complete illumination. If the eye to be examined is defective, the transition between darkness and complete illumination of the pupil does not begin immediately, but a migration of the light / dark boundary can be observed. This hike is opposite in the case of a short-sighted eye, in the case of a far-sighted eye it follows the movement of the light beam.
  • skiascopes are provided with an aperture with a small opening width.
  • This diaphragm can be formed, for example, by a bore in the ski retractable mirror or by a separate diaphragm if a partially permeable ski copy mirror is used.
  • Galilean telescope A slightly magnifying, Galilean telescope is used as the telescope. Since the pupil of the eye to be examined appears enlarged, a small central section of the observation beam passes through the diaphragm of the retinoscope. However, it is disadvantageous that the illuminating beam must also pass through the telescope. There are therefore different examination conditions than with a mere reduction of the aperture with the illumination beam unchanged.
  • the invention has now set itself the task of a To improve the device for skiascopy so that it has a reduced aperture opening width and the non-central ring area of the observation beam can be masked out without disturbing side effects such as diffraction phenomena at the edge of the 5 aperture opening.
  • this object is now achieved in that a first converging lens arrangement is provided at a first distance from the distant point of the normal-sighted, possibly corrected eye, which lies between the single and 10, double the focal length of the first converging lens arrangement, and in that the diaphragm on the examiner side a second distance from the first converging lens arrangement which is dependent on the first distance and which is greater than the double focal length thereof, the aperture being reduced in the far point.
  • the aperture the opening width of which can preferably be changed, is in turn reduced in size as an image diaphragm due to its distance lying above the double focal length of the converging lens arrangement on the side of the converging lens arrangement facing the eye to be examined.
  • the image diaphragm which has been moved to the far point in this way does not bring about any diffraction phenomena and can therefore have a much smaller opening width than physical diaphragms.
  • a first magnifying lens arrangement which magnifies ten times, an examiner aperture 0 with a 3 mm opening width is imaged in the far point as an image aperture with an opening width of 0.3 mm. Since, on the one hand, the first converging lens arrangement can have any magnification and, on the other hand, the aperture can preferably be adjusted in its opening width, 5 '' image apertures of any size can be achieved.
  • the distance between the first converging lens arrangement and the far point of the eye can be varied to an extent between the single and double the focal length of the first converging lens arrangement, so that the size of the first intermediate image can be adapted to the respective examination conditions. If it is also provided that the distance of the diaphragm from the first intermediate image of the first converging lens arrangement can be changed, which results in an axial displacement of the image diaphragm, the stationary device according to the invention is also suitable for carrying out the so-called unstable skiascope method, which is used in the There is observation of the changeover point between the direction of travel of the light / dark boundary when the examination distance changes.
  • the resulting first intermediate image is reversed, so that the direction of travel of the light / dark boundary is opposite to that of conventional ski ascopes.
  • a reversing lens system is placed in front of the examiner, the distance from the diaphragm being as small as possible.
  • the diaphragm can therefore also be provided in the reversing lens system.
  • the reversing lens system now creates an upright real second intermediate image.
  • Direct examination of the examiner is further facilitated if the diaphragm or, in particular, the reversing lens system is placed in front of the examiner on the side of a second converging lens arrangement whose distance from the first, wrong intermediate image or the second, upright intermediate image is equal to the simple focal length of the second converging lens arrangement is.
  • This second collecting lens arrangement forming the eyepiece therefore forms a magnifying glass for enlarged viewing of the intermediate image.
  • the device according to the invention enables a further reduction in the investigator distance by projecting a very small image aperture into the far point with a corresponding shortening of the far point distance from the eye to be examined, without significantly influencing the measuring accuracy.
  • the device according to the invention can therefore also be designed as an additive to a phoropter and fixed thereon by means of a suitable holder.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a device according to the invention
  • Fi 2 is an enlarged view of the observation beam path
  • the device according to the invention for skiascoping knows a simple skiascope, which is housed in a housing 16.
  • a Skiasko pier mirror 3 is provided, which is preferably partially permeable, but may also have a central opening with respect to the axis A.
  • the illuminating beam emitted by a schematically illustrated illuminating device 8 falls on the retinoscope mirror and, essentially deflected coaxially to the optical axis A, falls on the eye 1 to be examined.
  • the skiascopy mirror 3 shown embodiment consists of several narrow isosceles triangular mirror surfaces, which with their tips a form the side surface of a polygonal pyramid.
  • the retinoscope mirror 3 is rotatably mounted about the axis 10 passing through the spit and can be driven by a motor 9 which can be switched in both directions of rotation. As a result, movement of the illuminating beam bundle qu over the pupil of the eye 1 to be examined is achieved.
  • An optical system 17 extends coaxially to the optical axis A and is described in more detail below.
  • the tube 18 of the optical system 17 is rotatably mounted on a Hal tion 12, the bearing 11 being assigned a scale with graduation.
  • the bracket 12 is with
  • OMPI provided a handle 15 on which the device for hands-free examination can be held.
  • the handle 15 can also be replaced by a stand or a frame.
  • the holder 12, as shown in dashed lines, can be provided with a support arm 19 which is attached to a schematically indicated phoropter 13.
  • the optical system 17 has a first converging lens arrangement 4, which is at a distance from the far point F lies between the single and double focal length f .. the first converging lens arrangement 4.
  • This first converging lens arrangement 4 generates a first real inverted intermediate image ⁇ which, since the observation beam strikes the converging lens arrangement 4 approximately in parallel, lies essentially in the focal point of the converging lens arrangement 4 on the examiner side.
  • a diaphragm 5, which can be changed in particular in the opening width, is placed on the examiner side of the first converging lens arrangement 4, its distance from the first converging lens arrangement 4 being greater than its double focal length f 1 .
  • This second distance is selected as a function of the first distance of the converging lens arrangement 4 from the far point F so that the aperture 5 is reduced in size as an image aperture 20 at the far point F.
  • the observation beam bundle striking the examiner eye 2 is therefore narrowed by the image diaphragm 20, the projected opening edge of which naturally does not cause diffraction phenomena, and not by a physical diaphragm.
  • the opening width of the image diaphragm 20 can therefore be kept very small.
  • the converging lens arrangement 4 and the diaphragm 5 can optionally be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the axis A, whereby on the one hand also the unstable skiascopy method is used and on the other hand the reduction factor of the image diaphragm 20
  • OMPI can be chosen.
  • a reversing lens system 6 which forms an upright second intermediate image B ? generated.
  • the upright, second intermediate image B_ now appears to the examiner eye 2 through a second single lens arrangement 7, which serves as an eyepiece and whose distance from the intermediate image B is approximately equal to the simple focal length f, the second common lens arrangement 7.
  • the image diaphragm 20 generated in the far point F can have, for example, an opening width of 0.2 mm, so that a very high measuring accuracy can be achieved.
  • This also makes it possible to move the far point F much closer to the eye 1 to be examined and to fix the device to the phoropter 13, the movement of the illuminating beam being caused by the rotating retinoscope mirror 3.
  • the examination distance that can be achieved in this way can be kept small, which results in an extremely favorable distance of the examiner from the phoropter 13.
  • the lens arrangements 4, 6 and 7 specified above can represent individual lenses, but advantageously conventional lens combinations, in which case the distances described apply in each case to a main plane of the lens combination.
  • the optical system 17 had the following dimensions:
  • first distance (farthest point F - concentrating lens array 4): 22 mm focal length of the first collecting lens arrangement '4: 18 itm second distance (converging lens array 4 - aperture 5): 100 irm focal length of the relay lens system 6: 25 to remove the cover 6 from the reversal lens system: mm 8 Distance of the reversing lens system 6 from the first intermediate image B ..: 36 mm focal length of the second converging lens arrangement 7: 20 mm distance of the second focusing lens arrangement from the second intermediate image B: 20 mm examination distance: 100 mm distance of the examination eye 2 from the phoropter 13: 350 ⁇ m
  • an adapted periscope which can be pivoted into the optical axis A can be provided, with the aid of which the test specimen can view, for example, a conventional reading panel arranged behind the examiner.
  • the device described above for examining the refractive condition of the eye can of course also be used in the same way for checking other optical systems and elements.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Un skiascope doté d'une installation d'illumination (8) et d'un miroir de skiascopie (3) est raccordé du côté de l'examinateur à un système optique (17). Celui-ci possède un premier dispositif de lentille convergente (4) et un diaphragme (5) dont la largeur d'ouverture est de préférence réglable. Le dispositif de lentille convergente est placé à un certain écart du punctum remotum (F) de l'oeil (1) emmétrope, le cas échéant amétrope, écart valant entre une et deux fois la focale (f1) du premier dispositif de lentille convergente (4). Entre le diaphragme (5) et le premier dispositif de lentille convergente (4) est prévu du côté de l'examinateur un second écart supérieur au double de la focale (f1), de telle façon que le diaphragme (5) paraisse plus petit au punctum remotum (F). Au diaphragme (5), on raccorde du côté de l'examinateur de préférence un système de lentille à redressement (6) espacé du diaphragme (5) par un écart le plus petit possible. Au premier dispositif de lentille convergente (4), respectivement au système de lentille à redressement (6), on raccorde avantageusement ducôté de l'examinateur un second dispositif de lentille convergente (7) servant d'oculaire. L'écart entre le second dispositif de lentille convergente et son image intermédiaire réelle (B1, respectivement B2) est égal à sa focale (f3).
EP19840900834 1983-03-01 1984-02-20 Installation de skiascopie Withdrawn EP0136305A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833307168 DE3307168C2 (de) 1983-03-01 1983-03-01 Einrichtung zum Skiaskopieren
DE3307168 1983-03-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0136305A1 true EP0136305A1 (fr) 1985-04-10

Family

ID=6192179

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840900834 Withdrawn EP0136305A1 (fr) 1983-03-01 1984-02-20 Installation de skiascopie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0136305A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATA902184A (fr)
DE (1) DE3307168C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1984003430A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202009014746U1 (de) 2009-10-31 2010-10-28 Galinker, Eduard Einrichtung für die Beleuchtung des Auges

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3136839A (en) * 1958-09-16 1964-06-09 Safir Aran Apparatus for objectively testing an optical system
US3259039A (en) * 1962-09-18 1966-07-05 Nippon Kogaku Kk Ophthalmoscopic camera
DE1217103B (de) * 1964-05-27 1966-05-18 Rodenstock Optik G Skiaskop mit veraenderbarer Messempfindlichkeit
US3536383A (en) * 1967-10-09 1970-10-27 Stanford Research Inst Automatic optometer for measuring the refractive power of the eye
DE1772434B1 (de) * 1968-05-15 1970-11-26 Optotechnik Gmbh Skiaskop
US3586424A (en) * 1968-09-13 1971-06-22 American Optical Corp Monocular indirect ophthalmoscope
DE2744707C3 (de) * 1977-10-05 1980-07-24 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Ophthalmologisches Gerät zur stereoskopischen Untersuchung und Photographic des Augenhintergrundes
JPS5491997A (en) * 1977-12-28 1979-07-20 Nippon Chemical Ind Optical system for correcting visual power with internal focus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8403430A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3307168C2 (de) 1985-10-03
ATA902184A (de) 1991-06-15
WO1984003430A1 (fr) 1984-09-13
DE3307168A1 (de) 1984-09-13

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