EP0129744B1 - Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires - Google Patents

Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129744B1
EP0129744B1 EP84106347A EP84106347A EP0129744B1 EP 0129744 B1 EP0129744 B1 EP 0129744B1 EP 84106347 A EP84106347 A EP 84106347A EP 84106347 A EP84106347 A EP 84106347A EP 0129744 B1 EP0129744 B1 EP 0129744B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camouflage material
material according
camouflage
threads
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84106347A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0129744A3 (en
EP0129744A2 (fr
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch
Dieter E. Aisslinger
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Publication date
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84106347T priority Critical patent/ATE29924T1/de
Publication of EP0129744A2 publication Critical patent/EP0129744A2/fr
Publication of EP0129744A3 publication Critical patent/EP0129744A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0129744B1 publication Critical patent/EP0129744B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/919—Camouflaged article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camouflage material for camouflaging military targets against reconnaissance in the near and far infrared wave range as well as in the millimeter and centimeter wave radar range, with a base material constructed from threads in a net-like manner, which is at least one side electrically conductive with a low specific surface resistance and an outer layer applied thereon which has an emission factor that changes over the surface in the far infrared wave range.
  • camouflage nets which consist of a support net and camouflage material made of textile-like material applied to it.
  • the camouflage material is colored in such a way that the best possible adaptation to the background is given in the visible wave range and in the near infrared range.
  • these camouflage networks had no protection, so that they could be located for thermal imaging and radar devices.
  • camouflage materials In order to obtain a broadband camouflage also in the areas of modern locating devices, i.e. in particular in the wavelength ranges in which thermal imaging and radar devices work, camouflage materials have been developed which consist of a base material, a metallic reflective layer on the base material and a camouflage paint on the reflective Layer exist (see. DE-A-27 59 657, DE-A-21 51 349).
  • the camouflage paint should be formed by camouflage colors, the binder of which has good transparency in the spectral ranges of the atmospheric windows II and 111 and the pigments in the visible and near IR range have a reflection similar to chlorophyll.
  • the camouflage colors should have an emission factor that changes over their area and should preferably vary between 50 and 90% in the wavelength range from 3 to 5 ⁇ m and between 60 and 95% in the wavelength range from 8 to 14 ⁇ m. This variation in the emission factor gives the camouflage in the spectral range of the thermal imaging devices a structure which is matched to that of the natural background in this spectral range.
  • the camouflage in the radar spectral range is achieved in that the metallic layer has a specific surface resistance of at most a few ohms / square and that the camouflage material is in the form of a garnish with, for example, a sickle cut.
  • garnish a specific surface resistance of at most a few ohms / square
  • the camouflage material is in the form of a garnish with, for example, a sickle cut.
  • camouflage material has been its sensitivity.
  • the electrically conductive layer changes its resistance and thus its effectiveness due to the stress on the camouflage material in use so significantly that the camouflage properties suffer.
  • the previously known camouflage material has a tendency to heat up more than the natural environment, in particular natural foliage, as a result of solar radiation.
  • the foliage partially uses the sun's rays for photosynthesis.
  • part of the absorbed energy is released into the environment through water evaporation.
  • many plants change the angle of incidence of the sun's rays by changing the leaf position in order to avoid excessive heating by the sun's rays.
  • the warming of foliage does not depend solely on its emission coefficient, which means that a camouflaged target no longer fits into the image of the natural grasses and leaves in the background after prolonged exposure to the sun.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the known camouflage material described at the outset in such a way that the camouflage effect is retained as far as possible even in the case of prolonged exposure to the sun and that the camouflage properties also remain constant for a long time even under high usage stress.
  • This design of the camouflage material is based on the idea already belonging to the invention of using the convection flow which forms on the camouflage material due to its heating for better heat dissipation to the air by considerably increasing the heat transfer area. Due to the free spacing of the threads, an exchange of the air flows is also possible. In this way, the warming of the camouflage material due to solar radiation remains within the limits within which the surrounding foliage material also heats up.
  • camouflage material is not affected as quickly by its use because there is no closed electrically conductive layer that could tear.
  • the covering of the camouflage material is not complete due to the free spaces between the threads.
  • a compromise must be made on the one hand with regard to the size of the free spaces between the threads and on the other hand, the need to cover the military target.
  • Such a compromise can consist in that the free distances are at least one third of the thread thickness, better still about half the thread thickness. In this way enough space is created for the convective air flow, but on the other hand the coverage of the military target is still sufficient.
  • the threads for forming the net-like structure of the camouflage material are provided with an electrically conductive layer.
  • This expediently consists of a binder, for example a phenolic resin binder, with electrically conductive pigments, for example graphite or carbon black particles.
  • the binder should contain about 10 to 50% of the pigments.
  • Such an electrically conductive layer can be applied in a simple manner by spraying or brushing onto the threads of the base material. The layer causes camouflage in the radar area, because the radar beams are scattered in a wide variety of directions and thus create a picture similar to that of the foliage of trees.
  • the threads consist of metal. This can be done, for example, in that the threads are formed from plastic-laminated aluminum strips with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the aluminum strips can vary from 6 to 20 mm, whereby they are laminated on both sides with the same thickness.
  • the surface resistance should be in a range between 2 to 50 ohms / square, since the reflection of the radar waves is particularly pronounced in this range.
  • the outer layer according to the invention consists of a synthetic, open-cell foam covering.
  • the foam covering should contain about 5 to 25% flaky metal pigments, for example made of copper, zinc, steel or aluminum particles. In this way, an emission factor of 70 to 95% can be achieved, which is recommended for camouflage in summer. An emission factor of 40 to 60% is sufficient for camouflage in winter.
  • the emissivity or the emission factor is synonymous with the absorbency.
  • the outer layer can also be a color layer which consists of a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum, such as, for example, cyclo-rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene, and platelet-shaped metal pigments, such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, lime or cobalt blue.
  • a binder which is largely transparent in the infrared spectrum
  • platelet-shaped metal pigments such as, for example, chromium oxides, iron oxides or titanium oxides, or mineral pigments, such as, for example, Sienna, lime or cobalt blue.
  • the basic idea of the present invention can also be realized by providing the camouflage material of the type mentioned at the beginning with depressions and / or projections, which are preferably embossed, over the surface.
  • This measure also considerably increases the heat transfer area for the convective air flow, as a result of which better heat transfer to the ambient air is achieved.
  • the camouflage material heats up less when exposed to sunlight, even if the camouflage material is formed without free spaces between the threads.
  • the electrically conductive design and the outer layer can then be designed in the same way as for the camouflage material with the free spaces between the threads.
  • the depressions or projections can be hemispherical and / or conical, for example. In both cases, an increase in the heat transfer area and a scattering of the reflected radar beams is achieved.
  • the depressions and / or the projections can have a depth or height of approximately 5 to 25 mm and a diameter of the same order of magnitude.
  • the dimensions of the depressions or projections should expediently change distributed over the surface.
  • the projections can also be formed in the form of ribs by appropriate folding of the tamp material.
  • the invention provides that spots of the camouflage material are applied irregularly distributed on a support net, the support net should consist of the open-mesh camouflage material.
  • the camouflage material 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is designed as a carrier fabric, which consists of crossing threads 2, 3. Plastic monofilaments are particularly suitable as the material for the threads 2, 3.
  • the threads 2, 3 are, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, surrounded by an electrically conductive layer 4 which has been applied by means of an impregnation technique.
  • Their conductivity is brought about by electrically conductive pigments, such as graphite or carbon black.
  • the graphite or carbon black particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 50% in a phenolic resin binder.
  • the electrically conductive layer 4 appears black.
  • a synthetic, open-cell foam covering 5 is applied to this layer 4, namely by immersion in a corresponding bath and subsequent foaming and drying.
  • the open cell structure of this foam covering increases the heat transfer area effective for air convection.
  • the foam covering 5 can consist, for example, of polyurethane, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyether, polystyrene or polyacrylate. About 5 to 25% of metal pigments, for example copper, zinc, steel or preferably aluminum flakes, are embedded in the foam covering 5 in order to achieve a desired emission factor.
  • the emission factor or emissivity should be between 70 and 95% of the black body, while for winter camouflage an emissivity of 40 to 60% is sufficient.
  • the emissivity should change continuously over the area within the aforementioned ranges in order to tear apart the representation in the thermal imaging device and to adapt it to the representation of the natural environment.
  • the crossing threads 2, 3 run at a distance from each other, so that gaps 6 arise. This also contributes to the improvement of the heat transfer, since the heat transfer area for the convective air flow is thereby increased. This has the consequence that the camouflage material 1 is no longer heated by the solar radiation as much as was the case with the known material. It has proven to be a favorable compromise between the best possible coverage of the target to be camouflaged and the best possible air permeability to make the distance a between two adjacent threads 2 approximately half to one third as large as the thickness b of the thread 2 itself. A corresponding treatment, as is customary in the textile industry, can follow to fix the threads 2, 3.
  • camouflage material 7 is shown in FIG. This camouflage material 7 is also woven from threads 8.
  • the camouflage material 7 shown here is not air-permeable.
  • the threads 8 and the gaps between them are surrounded or filled with an electrically conductive layer 9, which can consist of the same material as the electrically conductive layer 4 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • an electrically conductive layer 9 which can consist of the same material as the electrically conductive layer 4 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • color layers 10, 11 are applied, the color binder of which is transparent in the thermal infrared range, that is to say, for example, made of cyclo-rubber, polyethylene or polypropylene. In this color binder, just like in the foam covering 5 in the embodiment according to FIGS.
  • metal pigments are incorporated, with which the emissivity can be set in the desired range, with the aim of adapting as well as possible to the emissivity of the surrounding nature to reach.
  • foam coverings of the type provided for the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 can again consist of plastic, such as polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or other filaments.
  • the threads 8 of the camouflage material 7 - like the threads 2, 3 of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 - can also be designed to be electrically conductive.
  • the preparation of the yarns 2, 3, 8 takes place then such that a thin aluminum foil with a thickness of 6 to 20 is laminated to both sides with a thin polyester film may have a thickness of 6 to 20 I lm. This material is then cut into endless threads with a width of 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
  • the threads can then partially or completely replace the plastic threads 2, 3, 8 in the camouflage materials 1, 7.
  • the camouflage material 7 according to FIG. 3 has an increased heat transfer surface for the passing convection air flow, its surface is additionally structured, as can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • the camouflage material 7 ' is provided with cup-shaped recesses 12.
  • pyramid-shaped depressions 13 are provided. Both types of depressions 12, 13 have been impressed by appropriately engraved calenders or rollers. The depressions 12, 13 not only have the task of increasing the heat transfer area, but should also scatter the radar beams reflected by the respectively electrically conductive layer 9 in a wide variety of directions.
  • the camouflage material 7 ′′ is folded in such a way that rib-shaped projections 14 are formed Projections 14 have the same effect as the depressions 12, 13 in the camouflage materials 7 'and 7 "in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a camouflage net 15, which consists of a support net 16 and colored spots 17 applied thereon in irregular shape and at intervals.
  • the spots 17 are cut out of the camouflage material 7 according to FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • the support net 16 consists of the camouflage material 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the support net 16 and / or the spots 17 - in the latter case before being applied to the support net 16 - can be provided with incisions.
  • a fabric made from polypropylene monofilaments with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm is coated with an electrically conductive lacquer of approximately 50 g / m 2 , the lacquer containing 12 to 20% carbon black or graphite or a mixture thereof.
  • the electrically conductive paint can be applied by spraying, rolling or soaking. After the fabric has dried to remove the solvent, it is immersed in a solution of 55% PVC and 45% phthalate plasticizer, which contains color and metal pigments. After drying to form a foam covering, spots are clipped onto the fabric. These spots consist of a woven textile material of approximately 12 threads per cm, which is covered on both sides with an electrically conductive layer.
  • Color layers are applied to both sides of this layer, which has a binder which is essentially transparent in the thermal infrared range and contains pigments reflecting heat radiation, the colors of which also have a camouflaging effect in the visible range.
  • the textile material is provided with embossed recesses, which have been embossed using an appropriate embossing calender.
  • polyester fibers are used instead of polypropylene monofilaments.
  • the electrically conductive layer contains aluminum particles and the foam covering consists of a pre-expanded acrylic dispersion.
  • threads are woven into the textile material that are themselves electrically conductive, since they consist of plastic-laminated aluminum strips.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Claims (18)

1. Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires à l'observation, dans les domaines du proches et lointain infrarouge, ainsi que des ondes radar, millimétriques et centimétriques, constitué d'un matériau de base réticulé en fils, dont une face au moins est conductrice de l'électricité, de résistivité superficielle faible et sur laquelle est appliquée une couche extérieure qui, dans le domaine de l'infrarouge lointain, a un facteur d'émission variable sur la surface, caractérisé en ce que les fils (2, 3) ont entre eux des espaces libres (a), et de ce fait la configuration électriquement conductrice du matériau de base et la couche externe se limitent aux fils eux-mêmes.
2. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les espaces libres (a) représentent au moins un tiers et notamment la moitié de l'épaisseur (b) des fils.
3. Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires à l'observation dans les domaines du proche et lointain infrarouge, ainsi que des ondes radar millimétriques et centimétriques, constitué d'un matériau de base réticulé en fils, dont une face au moins conductrice de l'électricité a une résistivité superficielle faible et sur laquelle est appliquée une couche extérieure qui, dans le domaine de l'infrarouge lointain, a un facteur d'émission variable sur la surface, également selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de camouflage (7) est muni de cavités (12, 13) et/ou d'aspérités (14) réparties sur la surface.
4. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les cavités (12, 13) et/ou les aspérités (14) sont obtenues par estampage.
5. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les cavités (12, 13) et les aspérités sont de forme hémisphérique et/ou conique.
6. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les cavités (12,13) et/ou les aspérités (14) ont une profondeur ou respectivement une hauteur d'environ 5 à 25 mm et un diamètre du même ordre de grandeur.
7. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les dimensions des cavités (12,13) et des aspérités (14) sort réparties de manière variable à la surface.
8. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les aspérités (14) sont en forme de nervure.
9. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les fils (2, 3, 8) sont munis d'une couche électriquement conductrice (4, 9) par exemple constituée d'un liant, notamment d'une résine phénolique comprenant des pigments électriquement conducteurs, notamment du graphite, de la suie ou des particules d'aluminium.
10. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les pigments représentent de 10 à 50 % du liant.
11. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des fils est en métal par exemple en bandes d'aluminium plaquées de matière plastique et ayant une largeur de 0,2 à 0,5 mm.
12. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les bandes d'aluminium sont plaquées des deux côtés d'une matière plastique d'une même épaisseur de 6 à 20 um.
13. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la résistivité superficielle est comprise entre 2 et 50 ohm/carré.
14. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la couche extérieure (5) est constituée d'un enrobage de mousse synthétique à cellules ouvertes par exemple en polyuréthanne, en polyoléfine, en poly(chlorure de vinyle), en polyester, en polyéther, en polystyrène ou en polyacrylate.
15. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'enrobage de mousse (5) contient environ de 5 à 50 % de pigments métalliques lamellaires, comme par exemple des particules de cuivre, de zinc, d'acier ou d'aluminium.
16. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la couche extérieure est une couche de peinture (10, 11), constituée d'un liant essentiellement transparent dans le spectre infrarouge, comme par exemple du caoutchouc cyclique, du polyéthylène ou du polypropylène et de pigments métalliques lamellaires par exemple des oxydes de chrome, des oxydes de fer ou des oxydes de titane ou des pigments minéraux par exemple de la terre de Sienne, de la chaux ou du bleu de cobalt.
17. Matériau de camouflage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les taches de matériau de camouflage (7) sont réparties irréqulièrement sur le filet support (16).
18. Matériau de camouflage selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le filet support (16) est en un matériau de camouflage (1) en ayant des fils (2, 3) se trouvant à distance les une des autres.
EP84106347A 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires Expired EP0129744B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106347T ATE29924T1 (de) 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Tarnmaterial fuer die tarnung militaerischer ziele.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US507969 1983-06-27
US06/507,969 US4465731A (en) 1983-06-27 1983-06-27 Universal camouflage for military objects

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0129744A2 EP0129744A2 (fr) 1985-01-02
EP0129744A3 EP0129744A3 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0129744B1 true EP0129744B1 (fr) 1987-09-23

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ID=24020840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84106347A Expired EP0129744B1 (fr) 1983-06-27 1984-05-30 Matériau de camouflage pour dissimuler des cibles militaires

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4465731A (fr)
EP (1) EP0129744B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE29924T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1230969A (fr)
DE (1) DE3466432D1 (fr)

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DE1916326A1 (de) * 1968-04-01 1969-10-30 Barracudaverken Ab Tarnungsmittel zum Verhindern oder Hemmen der Entdeckung durch Radarerkundung
GB1314624A (en) * 1971-04-06 1973-04-26 Barracudaverken Ab Radar camouflage
DE2310088A1 (de) * 1973-03-01 1974-09-19 Ogus Netze & Wirkwaren Tarnnetz
US3977927A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-08-31 Brunswick Corporation Machine and method for making camouflage nets
CA1070004A (fr) * 1975-04-16 1980-01-15 Barracudaverken Ab Materiel de camouflage
SE420236B (sv) * 1975-05-13 1981-09-21 Barracudaverken Ab Radarkamouflerande kamouflageduk med stodvev
FR2334080A1 (fr) * 1975-06-26 1977-07-01 Barracudaverken Ab Feuille de camouflage souple a revetement renforce
US4142015A (en) * 1977-05-04 1979-02-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Thermal camouflage
DE2750919C1 (de) * 1977-11-15 1984-03-01 Pusch, Günter, Dr.-Ing., 6903 Neckargemünd Breitbandige Tarnung militaerischer Ziele
FR2442422A1 (fr) * 1978-11-23 1980-06-20 Coureur Raymond Ecran absorbant et/ou reflechissant les radiations electromagnetiques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0129744A3 (en) 1985-11-06
CA1230969A (fr) 1988-01-05
DE3466432D1 (en) 1987-10-29
EP0129744A2 (fr) 1985-01-02
ATE29924T1 (de) 1987-10-15
US4465731A (en) 1984-08-14

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