EP0128365B1 - Dispositif de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents
Dispositif de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0128365B1 EP0128365B1 EP84105274A EP84105274A EP0128365B1 EP 0128365 B1 EP0128365 B1 EP 0128365B1 EP 84105274 A EP84105274 A EP 84105274A EP 84105274 A EP84105274 A EP 84105274A EP 0128365 B1 EP0128365 B1 EP 0128365B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- fan
- temperature
- combustion engine
- thermostatic valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/02—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air
- F01P7/08—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by cutting in or out of pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
- F01P7/167—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control by adjusting the pre-set temperature according to engine parameters, e.g. engine load, engine speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/08—Temperature
- F01P2025/13—Ambient temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/08—Temperature
- F01P2025/40—Oil temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/08—Temperature
- F01P2025/44—Outlet manifold temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/08—Temperature
- F01P2025/50—Temperature using two or more temperature sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/60—Operating parameters
- F01P2025/62—Load
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P2025/00—Measuring
- F01P2025/60—Operating parameters
- F01P2025/64—Number of revolutions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for cooling an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, with a thermostatic valve controlling the coolant flow to and from the internal combustion engine via a direct return line or via a cooler and with at least one coolant associated with the cooler, depending on at least one lower and one higher coolant temperature fans that can be operated in at least two power levels.
- the thermostatic valve influences the coolant temperature and thus also the temperature of the internal combustion engine by determining the temperature level through the temperature at which it releases the connection to the cooler.
- the fan assigned to the radiator is only switched on when it is needed, i.e. when the coolant temperature and thus the engine temperature exceed a certain value. It is customary to operate the fan in several stages, the lowest power level of the fan being assigned to a lower coolant temperature. As the coolant temperature rises, the fan is operated at higher output.
- the invention has for its object to design the device of the type mentioned so that the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine can be changed and that this is not associated with increased power consumption.
- thermostatic valve can be set to at least two different opening temperatures, and that by adjusting the thermostatic valve to the higher opening temperature, the switching on of the fan to the power level assigned to the lower coolant temperature is blocked.
- This design enables the engine temperature to be set via different opening temperatures of the thermostatic valve, in particular to optimize the work of the internal combustion engine. For example, it can be provided that in winter the thermostatic valve is adjusted depending on low outside temperatures so that the internal combustion engine works at a higher temperature. In order to prevent the effect of the temperature increase from being partially canceled out and also not to cause any increased power consumption, it is then provided that the fan assigned to the cooler is at the lower coolant temperature at which it would normally start if the internal combustion engine operated at the lower temperature level, does not respond.
- a relay controlled by the same signal transmitter is arranged, which actuates an opener, which in the electrical supply line for the lower coolant temperature associated power level of electrically driven fan.
- the thermostatic valve contains a thermostatic working element, the housing of which carries a valve plate of a valve leading to the cooler and whose working piston extends when heated and is opposite an abutment, the position of which can be changed such that the distance of the support point for the working piston is adjustable to the housing with the valve plate.
- a thermostatic valve 32 which controls the coolant flow of an internal combustion engine from an inlet 17 to a direct return 18 and / or to a connecting piece 15, which is connected in a manner not shown to a heat exchanger, a so-called cooler.
- the cooler is then in turn connected to an inlet of the internal combustion engine.
- the thermostatic valve has a thermostatic working element 3, which consists of a housing containing an expansion material and a working piston 2 extending out of the housing when heated.
- the volume of the expansion element of the working element changes in accordance with the temperature, so that the working piston 2 is expelled or, when it cools down, is also pressed back into the housing.
- the housing of the working element 3 is with a valve plate 4, for example by pressing or Flaring or the like firmly connected, which is associated with a conical edge forming a right angle valve seat 16, which is formed by the connecting piece 15.
- the valve formed from the valve plate 4 and the valve seat 16 closes or opens the connection between the inlet 17 and the connecting piece 15 leading to the cooler.
- the valve plate 4 is held in the closed position shown with a conically wound compression spring 19.
- a further valve plate 20, which is assigned to a valve seat 21 of the return 18, is arranged on a sliding guide of the housing of the working element 3.
- the valve plate 20 is loaded with a compression spring 22 guided on the housing of the working element 3.
- the coolant flows through the inlet 17 located between the two valves 4, 16 and 20, 21 to and via the direct return 19, back to the internal combustion engine.
- the expansion material of the working element 3 expands, so that the working piston 2 extends from the housing of the working element 3 and is supported on an abutment 5.
- the housing of the working element 3 with the valve plate 4 and the valve plate 20 is displaced.
- valve 4, 16 is opened and then valve 20, 21 is closed.
- the abutment 5 for the working piston 2 of the thermostatic working element 3, which is located in an extension 26 of the connecting piece 15, is adjustable such that the opening temperature of the thermostatic valve 32 can be changed by its adjustment.
- the abutment 5 is a body which can be displaced approximately transversely to the axis of the working piston 2 and which is guided in the extension 26 against the action of a compression spring 25.
- the abutment 5 is moved by an actuator 9 which is screwed into the shoulder 26 with a shoulder 27 and which can move the abutment 5 against the action of the spring 25 with a piston 23.
- the abutment 5 is provided with an inclined support surface 13 which extends at an inclination to the direction of movement of the working piston 2.
- the abutment 5 is displaceable such that the support points formed by it on the support surface 13 can assume any position between the value X of FIG. 1.
- the abutment 5 is set in such a way that the working piston 2 only has to travel an empty path of size X when the expansion material expands, before it bears against the inclined surface 13 of the abutment 5 and when the valve 4 is extended further, 16 opens and the valve 20, 21 closes.
- the internal combustion engine is operated at an elevated temperature.
- the valve 4, 16 opens earlier, i.e. at a lower temperature, while the valve 20, 21 is also closed accordingly at a lower temperature.
- the internal combustion engine then works at a lower temperature level.
- the actuator 9, which can be an electrical actuator, for example, is actuated by a signal generator 28, which represents the command variable.
- This signal transmitter can respond to various conditions, for example the outside temperature or the exhaust gas temperature or the speed or the torque of the internal combustion engine or the negative pressure in the intake manifold or the pressure difference in a vacuum box or the oil temperature. In this way, the work of the internal combustion engine can be optimized by changing the working temperature of the internal combustion engine.
- the cooler is assigned at least one fan which is driven by an electric motor.
- the fan is only driven when it is needed, i.e. if certain temperatures in the coolant and thus in the engine are exceeded.
- a temperature sensor 34 is provided, for example in the engine area or in the radiator, around which the coolant flows. This temperature sensor 34 switches a tap changer 35 which, for example, switches on the fan with a first power level 31 at a determined temperature of 95 ° C. and the fan with a second power level 33 at a temperature of 105 ° C. It can be provided that several fan drives are provided for the fan in accordance with the power levels 31 and 33.
- resistors in the power supply line it is also possible to place resistors in the power supply line to the drive motor in accordance with power levels 31 and 33.
- a drive motor for the fan with two windings, which are then switched according to the power levels 31 and 33.
- two fans of which only one is switched on at power level 31, which is assigned to the lower coolant temperature, and both of them at power level 33.
- stepless regulation of the fan drive is also possible.
- the signal generator 28 controls the actuator 9 of the thermostatic valve 32 in accordance with its command variable in such a way that an increased opening temperature is set for the thermostatic valve.
- a relay 29 is switched, which actuates an opener 30 which is in the supply line to the first power stage 31.
- the first power stage 31 can then not be controlled via the temperature sensor and the step switch 35. This means that at the desired, increased Motor temperature this is not reduced again by switching on the fan with the first power stage 31, and that, in addition, the power consumption is further reduced with this desired temperature increase.
- This blocking of the first power stage 31 of the fan during operation with an increased engine temperature can accordingly also be used in a fan in which a stepless speed adjustment is provided depending on the coolant temperature.
- the circuit must then be selected so that the first area is switched off, in which the speed of the fan is assigned to a lower coolant temperature.
- the same system can also be used if the fan is connected to a shaft of the internal combustion engine by means of a fluid coupling. In this case, the filling quantity of the fluid friction clutch must then be controlled accordingly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3320338 | 1983-06-04 | ||
DE3320338A DE3320338A1 (de) | 1983-06-04 | 1983-06-04 | Vorrichtung zum kuehlen eines verbrennungsmotors |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0128365A2 EP0128365A2 (fr) | 1984-12-19 |
EP0128365A3 EP0128365A3 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
EP0128365B1 true EP0128365B1 (fr) | 1987-07-01 |
EP0128365B2 EP0128365B2 (fr) | 1991-02-13 |
Family
ID=6200730
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84105274A Expired - Lifetime EP0128365B2 (fr) | 1983-06-04 | 1984-05-10 | Dispositif de refroidissement pour moteur à combustion interne |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4537158A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0128365B2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS603425A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3320338A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3934201A1 (de) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-04-18 | Behr Thomson Dehnstoffregler | Vorrichtung zum kuehlen eines verbrennungsmotors |
DE19500648A1 (de) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-18 | Behr Thomson Dehnstoffregler | Kühlanlage für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem Thermostatventil |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3502817C2 (de) * | 1985-01-29 | 1996-04-04 | Wahler Gmbh & Co Gustav | Kühlwasserregler für Brennkraftmaschinen |
US4744335A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1988-05-17 | Chrysler Motors Corporation | Servo type cooling system control |
US4744336A (en) * | 1987-08-03 | 1988-05-17 | Chrysler Motors Corporation | Servo type cooling system valve |
US4875437A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-10-24 | Procedes Vernet | Apparatus for controlling the flow of cooling fluid in an engine |
DE3817952A1 (de) * | 1988-05-27 | 1989-11-30 | Wahler Gmbh & Co Gustav | Kuehlwasserregler fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
US4961530A (en) * | 1988-10-03 | 1990-10-09 | Robert Shaw Controls Company | Engine cooling system, structure therefor and methods of making the same |
US6138617A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2000-10-31 | Kuze; Yoshikazu | Cooling system for an automotive engine |
DE19728814A1 (de) * | 1997-07-05 | 1999-01-07 | Behr Thermot Tronik Gmbh & Co | Kühlanlage für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
DE19923775A1 (de) | 1999-05-22 | 2000-11-23 | Heinrich Reutter | Verschlußdeckel für Kraftfahrzeugkühler |
DE10053699B4 (de) * | 2000-10-25 | 2010-11-11 | Behr Thermot-Tronik Gmbh | Regelventil |
JP3978395B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-23 | 2007-09-19 | 愛三工業株式会社 | 流量制御弁 |
US6742716B1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-06-01 | Standard-Thomson Corporation | Thermostat |
US6764020B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-07-20 | Standard-Thomson Corporation | Thermostat apparatus for use with temperature control system |
US6994310B2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2006-02-07 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Stepper motor driven valve for thermal management and associated method of use |
US6918357B2 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-07-19 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Stepper motor driven fluid valve and associated method of use |
DE102013111618A1 (de) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-23 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Thermostatventil |
RU2712063C2 (ru) | 2015-08-21 | 2020-01-24 | ЭйДжиСи Инк. | Способ получения фторированного полимера |
CN115492673B (zh) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-08-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 发动机的冷却液温度调节方法、装置与冷却系统 |
Family Cites Families (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2377028A (en) * | 1943-10-29 | 1945-05-29 | John Reiner & Company | Cooling system and thermostatically controlled by-pass valve |
US2401646A (en) * | 1945-02-28 | 1946-06-04 | Johnson John Frank | Temperature control for cooling fluid of internal-combustion engines |
GB695730A (en) * | 1949-11-28 | 1953-08-19 | Daimler Benz Ag | Improvements relating to temperature regulations in internal combustion engines |
DE861937C (de) * | 1949-11-29 | 1953-01-08 | Daimler Benz Ag | Vorrichtung zur Temperaturregelung an Brennkraftmaschinen |
US2833478A (en) * | 1955-06-09 | 1958-05-06 | George W Middleton | Thermostatic control of water cooling system of motor vehicle |
US2881616A (en) * | 1956-06-20 | 1959-04-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Thermostatic power elements |
DE1207710B (de) * | 1958-02-22 | 1965-12-23 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Regelung der Kuehlmitteltemperatur von fluessigkeitsgekuehlten Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE1451669A1 (de) * | 1963-06-20 | 1970-02-12 | Daimler Benz Ag | Thermostat fuer verschieden hohe OEffnungstemperaturen bzw. OEffnungshuebe,insbesondere an Kraftfahrzeug-Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE1576702A1 (de) * | 1967-07-01 | 1970-04-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Luftkuehlersystem |
BE795230A (fr) * | 1972-02-10 | 1973-05-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Dispositif de refroidissement par ciculation pour des moteurs a combustion interne a pistons |
US4164322A (en) * | 1973-08-01 | 1979-08-14 | Standard-Thomson Corporation | Thermostatic valve device having non-linear flow characteristics |
DE2352525A1 (de) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-04-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Schaltanordnung fuer den elektrischen motor eines luefters |
US3952946A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-04-27 | Braukmann Bernhard W | Thermostatic valve |
US3907199A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1975-09-23 | Ford Motor Co | Combination engine cooling system and passenger compartment heating system for an automotive vehicle |
DE7537523U (de) * | 1975-11-26 | 1976-04-15 | Braukmann Armaturen Ag, Rothrist (Schweiz) | Thermostat-ventil |
US4062329A (en) * | 1976-07-29 | 1977-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fan drive system |
US4175697A (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1979-11-27 | Emerson Electric Co. (H&H Precision Products Div.) | Thermally actuated phase change operated control valve for use in an energy conservation system |
DE2755464A1 (de) * | 1977-12-13 | 1979-06-21 | Daimler Benz Ag | Thermostatisches regelventil |
JPS602385Y2 (ja) * | 1978-03-31 | 1985-01-23 | 株式会社デンソー | エンジン冷却水用サ−モスタット |
DE2827373A1 (de) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-01-03 | Porsche Ag | Elektrische schaltung fuer den antrieb von kuehlgeblaesen einer brennkraftmaschine |
FR2455174A2 (fr) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-11-21 | Sev Marchal | Dispositif de regulation de la temperature du liquide de refroidissement pour moteur a combustion interne |
DE3024209A1 (de) * | 1979-07-02 | 1981-01-22 | Guenter Dr Rinnerthaler | Fluessigkeitskuehlung fuer verbrennungsmotoren |
US4426960A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1984-01-24 | Square D Company | Control circuitry for multistage fans |
US4325508A (en) * | 1980-04-02 | 1982-04-20 | Emerson Electric Co. | Thermostatic expansion valve with remote adjustment |
FR2484532B1 (fr) * | 1980-06-16 | 1985-08-23 | Peugeot Aciers Et Outillage | Dispositif pour la commande des moyens de ventilation d'un moteur a combustion interne |
GB2086536A (en) * | 1980-10-28 | 1982-05-12 | Ford Motor Co | Thermostat assembly |
US4347973A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1982-09-07 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Internal combustion engine coolant system, thermostat therefor and methods of making the same |
FR2500531B1 (fr) * | 1981-02-20 | 1985-11-08 | Thomson Dauphinoise | Dispositif pour le controle et la regulation de la temperature en particulier du liquide de refroidissement des moteurs a combustion interne |
JPS5882013A (ja) * | 1981-11-09 | 1983-05-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の冷却液温度制御装置 |
JPS58124017A (ja) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-07-23 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | エンジンの冷却系制御装置 |
DE3226104C2 (de) * | 1982-07-13 | 1985-02-07 | Behr-Thomson Dehnstoffregler Gmbh, 7014 Kornwestheim | Thermostatventil zur Regelung der Temperatur der Kühlflüssigkeit einer Brennkraftmaschine |
-
1983
- 1983-06-04 DE DE3320338A patent/DE3320338A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-04-23 JP JP59080343A patent/JPS603425A/ja active Granted
- 1984-05-10 DE DE8484105274T patent/DE3464516D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-05-10 EP EP84105274A patent/EP0128365B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-06-01 US US06/616,493 patent/US4537158A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3934201A1 (de) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-04-18 | Behr Thomson Dehnstoffregler | Vorrichtung zum kuehlen eines verbrennungsmotors |
DE19500648A1 (de) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-07-18 | Behr Thomson Dehnstoffregler | Kühlanlage für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem Thermostatventil |
DE19500648B4 (de) * | 1995-01-12 | 2010-12-30 | Behr Thermot-Tronik Gmbh | Kühlanlage für einen Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem Thermostatventil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0567768B2 (fr) | 1993-09-27 |
EP0128365A2 (fr) | 1984-12-19 |
US4537158A (en) | 1985-08-27 |
DE3464516D1 (en) | 1987-08-06 |
EP0128365B2 (fr) | 1991-02-13 |
JPS603425A (ja) | 1985-01-09 |
EP0128365A3 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
DE3320338A1 (de) | 1984-12-06 |
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Legal Events
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