EP0127184A1 - Loom - Google Patents

Abstract

The loom has a frame (1-1') besides which two warping beams (2-2'), a single shade-forming mechanism (3) forming simultaneously two shades (4-4'), a single loom-lay (5) with which two opposite reeds (6-6') are integral and two weaving beams (7-7') are symmetrically arranged. Said loom enables to simultaneously fabricate two independent fabrics. Since the weft fooling, the weft insertion control, the shade formation, the weft density adjustment and the motor control are common to both fabrics, a considerable reduction of the motor force and of the total ground surface occupied by the machine in comparison to known machines are obtained.

Description

The present patent application refers, as indicated in its statement, to a loom or a weaving machine.

More precisely, the present invention refers to a weaving machine, of totally new design, which, essentially, is studied to simultaneously manufacture two independent, parallel and vertical fabrics; are also and essentially common to these two fabrics, very numerous and main functions of the weaving of the machine. Concretely, in this new weaving machine, object of the invention, weft crushing, weft insertion control, crowd formation, weft density adjustment and engine control are common to both. fabrics.

This new design, which also allows easy and convenient access to the two fabrics, also allows a significant reduction in motive force, then also, more remarkably, a total floor area occupied by the machine and a manufacturing cost per unit of fabric produced, in comparison with the higher performance machines known and currently marketed for the manufacture of the same textile articles. It is, on the other hand, a machine which, by the simplicity of the mechanical solutions designed and by the characteristic, already indicated, to be common for the two independent fabrics - significant number of the main weaving functions - presents a relatively reduced cost price, which logically has a much lower damping factor for the fabric manufacturer.

Another very important characteristic of the weaving machine, object of the invention lies in the ease with which it can adapt to the precise type of fabric which it is intended to produce. For this purpose, it should be emphasized that the new machine can adapt to very large fabric widths, and a modular leaf control system is provided, which allows to reconcile the number of modules required with the density of the fabric to be manufactured. . And, in the same sense, it should also be emphasized that the machine in question, obviously retaining its entire structure and all of its main organs, can adapt to the different types and systems of weft insertion, having the possibility of '' perform this insertion by flexible strip or by means of a shuttle or rigid clamp, or even through the use of pneumatic insertion systems, and this insertion can be unilateral or of the type called "transfer", that is ie of the type in which, at the center of the pitch, at each pass, a transfer of the weft thread takes place, between the two inserters which move in opposite directions.

Moreover, the essentials, the operating diagram and the main characteristics and advantages of the weaving machine, object of the invention, will appear more easily understood from the drawings attached, which will be referred to below. the explanation, and o0, too - more schematically and, obviously, without limiting nature of any kind - some examples of the mechanisms provided for solving the main weaving functions are shown.

• la fig. 1 est une coupe verticale schématique de l'ensemble de la machine de tissage,
• la fig. 2 est une coupe verticale, à plus grande échelle, montrant le mécanisme de commande du battant,
• la fig. 3 est une coupe orthogonale suivant la représentation faite sur la figure précédente, les fig.
• 4,5,6 sont chacunes des schémas montrant la corrélation de mouvemtns du battant, lequel occupe sur la figure 4 précisément la position'supérieure de foulage, a commencé sur la figure 5 le mouvement de retour en faisant les inserteurs dans le pas, et occupe la position limite de retour maximum sur la figure 6, prêt à commencer le cycle suivant de fonctionnement,
• la fig. 7 est une vue en plan de l'une des lisses, qui se superposent les unes sur les autres en nombre suffisant pour pouvoir effectuer la ligature requise, et
• les fig.
• 8 et 9 sont deux coupes verticales schématiques, montrant deux systèmes différents d'insertion de trame - par, respectivement, bande flexible et par pince rigide - avec lesquels on peut équiper la machine, en utilisant un mécanisme identique de commande, dont la partie principale est supportée par le bati fixe de la machine.

In these drawings:

• fig. 1 is a schematic vertical section of the entire weaving machine,
• fig. 2 is a vertical section, on a larger scale, showing the control mechanism of the leaf,
• fig. 3 is an orthogonal section according to the representation made in the previous figure, FIGS.
• 4,5,6 are each diagrams showing the correlation of movements of the leaf, which occupies in figure 4 precisely the upper position of crushing, started in figure 5 the movement of return by making the inserters in the step, and occupies the maximum return limit position in FIG. 6, ready to start the next operating cycle,
• fig. 7 is a plan view of one of the stringers, which are superimposed on each other in sufficient number to be able to perform the required ligating, and
• fig.
• 8 and 9 are two schematic vertical sections, showing two different weft insertion systems - by, respectively, flexible strip and by rigid clamp - with which we can equip the machine, using an identical control mechanism, the main part of which is supported by the fixed frame of the machine.

As shown schematically in Figure l, the weaving machine, object of the invention, is studied, essentially, to simultaneously weave two independent vertical and parallel fabrics, having for this purpose, a rigid frame 1-1 'and next to which symmetrically, two warping beams 2-2 ', a unique crowd forming mechanism 3, which simultaneously forms two crowds 4-4', a single leaf 5, to which two opposite combs 6-6 'are attached, controlled by the mechanism that we will study later, and two weaving beams 7-7 '.

Figures 2 and 3 show one of the modules which, according to a characteristic of the invention, prepare to actuate the leaf. We can see in this way in these figures the leaf fixed to two, three or more vertical columns 8, distributed over its length adequately and the number of which will depend on the width of the fabric to be woven and the density of weft of this fabric. Each of these vertical columns remains in position to slide freely in the axial direction, between two limit positions which correspond to the limit positions of maximum advance and maximum return of the leaf, guided in this movement by some extreme elements 9-10, which may , obviously, to present any structure considered appropriate, and which are integral with the upper uprights 1 'and lower 1 of the frame, respectively. According to the invention, all of the columns 8 which support the leaf 5 are actuated by the same axis 11, suitably coupled to the general control motor. of the machine, and advantageously broken down into a succession of sections coupled one after the other. It is understood that the mechanical connection between the axis 11 and the columns 8, with a view to transforming the rotary movement of the latter into a vertical reciprocating movement of the others, may be effected by means of a relatively large number of separate mechanical solutions, all of which should be included in the protection of this registration. However, for a preferred choice of embodiment, this movement transmission will be carried out, in each module, by means of a pinion 13, integral with the axis 11, which will mesh with a toothed wheel 12, which, by means of the connecting rod 14, will print in column 8 the indicated movement back and forth. All this mechanism will preferably remain housed in a casing 15, fixed on the upright 1, which will also support the guide elements 10 of the column, forming a compact assembly, which can be mass produced, being incorporated! the machine, during the assembly process, to the number that the weaving characteristics, in each case, recommend when using the machine.

In fact, the weaving machine, object of the invention, is prepared to produce two independent fabrics for each of its two weaving faces, and the leaf will be actuated by three columns or control modules, which will remain located, respectively , the outside of the edges of said fabrics and on the strip or central zone of separation between them. In this embodiment, therefore, none of the columns indicated should cross the meshes which determine the evolution of the threads for the formation of the crowd. However, we understand that in other cases, for example, when a single fabric is made in each weaving face, or when four, five or more columns are prepared for the control of the leaf, it will be inevitable that all or some of these columns pass through the stitches. In this case, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings to which the explanation refers, with the aim of reducing friction, the area of the said columns which is in contact with the meshes 16 may be broken down into two or more arms , parallel, 8'-8 ", of reduced section, and / or may be subjected to any surface treatment, such as chrome plating or the like, which improves its sliding conditions.

In Figures 4,5 and 6 is shown schematically, according to what has been said, the relative movements of the leaf, the weft inserters and the two crowds along which these inserters move. In Figure 4 there is shown in solid line the leaf in the position A, which corresponds to the limit position of maximum advance or crushing, and in dotted line position B, which corresponds to the opposite limit position, maximum return. In FIG. 5, these two limit positions A and B are shown in dotted lines, the leaf being located (in solid line) in an intermediate position C, which corresponds to the first phase of the return movement of the leaf, when the introduction of the inserters into the crowds begins. And, finally, in FIG. 6, the position A is shown in dotted lines, the leaf being located (shown in solid lines) in the limit position B. As can be seen in these figures, the evolution of the wires d warping is calculated so that by the time the fulling occurs (fig. 4), the crossing has already taken place and the opening of the crowd has already started, which is fully open at the start of the return of the leaf ( Fig. 5), and already closes when the leaf occupies its maximum return position (fig. 6). Concretely, the evolution of the warping threads is calculated so that they are the same threads which, following an evolution in accordance with the movement of the leaf, are constantly applied against the sides of the corresponding inserter, which is kept pressed, by simple gravity, on the comb, guiding its movements through the crowd. In addition, and in the case of the insertion of the weft by the "transfer" system, the transfer of the weft thread between the two inserts which move in opposite directions takes place in the maximum return position of the leaf shown in FIG. 6, that is to say, in a position by which, at the very instant the movement (the direction of movement) of the leaf reverses, the inserts remain applied against the combs, not only by gravity , but also per inertia, by obtaining maximum precision in the positioning of these.

According to what has been indicated, in accordance with an essential characteristic of the invention, the shedding mechanism is common for the two independent fabrics, vertical and parallel, which the machine weaves separately, and, according to the invention even, the control of the beams is carried out positively, through a set of rigid elements and belts, with their corresponding guide pulleys, imparting to them a horizontal movement back and forth, from a head of machine control. In Figure 7, there is shown schematically a precise practical realization of a determined heald 18, which one could, as it is logical, present there any structure considered as suitable, forming a part of the heald equipment superimposed, whose number and whose evolution would vary, according to techniques already traditional in the textile industry, depending on the specific type of fabric you plan to manufacture in this case. As can be seen in this figure, the constitutive frame of the heddle 18, to which the meshes 16 are fixed, which include the eyelets 19, is actuated alternately, transversely, and in alternately opposite directions, by means of the two rigid rods 20 -20 ', located on either side thereof, parallel to its longitudinal uprights, and joined together by their ends by means of a toothed belt 21, which engages at least one wheel toothed 22 or, preferably with two toothed wheels 22-22 ', which rotate alternately in opposite directions, actuated from the machine head by means of any known device for selection or set of taffeta. Finally, each of the 20-20 'tigccs, is coupled to the corresponding amount of the boom by means of a series of belts 23-23' (the number of which will depend on the warping tension which in each case we propose to make evolve), with its corresponding guide pulleys 24-24 '. In this way, the control of the boom will be carried out positively in both directions, eliminating any mechanical fatigue and obtaining maximum precision.

It has already been said that one of the most advantageous characteristics of the weaving loom, object of the invention, resides in the fact of admitting different systems of weft insertion mechanisms, which can adapt to the machine without requiring the introduction of any significant modification and this without absolutely modifying its remaining organs and mechanisms. To illustrate these possibilities, we have shown in Figures 8 and 9 the different insertion mechanisms, which can be mounted on the weaving loom, object of the invention, always operating, according to a essential characteristic of the latter, from a single common kinematics, the two inserters corresponding to the two independent fabrics, vertical and parallel, which the machine weaves simultaneously. Concretely, in the example shown in Figure 8, the inserter itself 17 is located at the end of a flexible strip 25, while in the representation of Figure 9 it occupies the end of a "lance "rigid 26. In any case, and according to an important characteristic of the present invention, the mechanism comprises a part - constituted by all of the kinematics - which is mounted on the fixed frame of the loom, and a part, constituted by the inserter and its direct control organ, which is mounted on the leaf, following its movements. This solution is extremely advantageous, because it makes it possible to lighten the leaf considerably or exactly, makes it possible to considerably reduce the masses which move with the leaf and must be ordered jointly with it, allowing, in exchange, to constantly maintain the leaf in movement - except, of course, at times when its direction of movement changes - in such a way that the movements of the inserter through the crowd take place during the movements of the leaf. In other words, the solution proposed by the present invention makes it possible to combine all the advantages of the two insertion systems in which one can say all the weaving looms currently known are found there grouped together, concretely the system & shutter stopped, to from a kinematics supported by the frame, and the insertion system with all the kinematics mounted on the leaf, gravitating on the moving masses.

In the exemplary embodiments represented in the two figures to which reference is made for the explanation, the control of the inserter is effected by means of a toothed wheel, in which the flexible band 25 or the rigid clamp 26 mesh, shaped by corresponding racks. This wheel is mounted together with the leaf 5, this to be mounted directly on a support or extension 28 integral with the latter, or to be connected to the latter by means of any suitable mechanical system for transmitting the movement, describing precisely a back and forth movement in an arc of a circle, which can, for example, be defined by an arm 30 which rocks on a fixed axis 31, and a guide 29. The toothed wheel 27 is integral with a pinion 32 , which is connected, by means of a toothed belt 33, with a toothed wheel 34, which rotates on the axis 31, fixed to the frame of the machine, and subjected to a rotary movement of alternately opposite directions from the general motor control of the loom, by means of a transmission mechanism, of any suitable type, mounted as a whole on the frame.

Under the conditions set out, it is therefore necessary that, according to what has been advanced, all of the kinematics of the insertor remain established on the frame of the machine, moving only according to the movements of raising and lowering of the leaf, the toothed wheel 27, which describes an arc of a radius 30, is therefore always kept at the same distance from the control wheel 34, connected to the latter.

It is understood that, the weaving loom being composed of two inserters (one for each of the two vertical and parallel fabrics which are woven simultaneously), the mechanisms of transmission described must be provided in duplicate. Concretely, on a common shaft 31, controlled by any kinematics, two opposite and equal toothed wheels 34 will be mounted, each of which will actuate one of the two inserters indicated.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, there is a guide 35 fixed to the frame, along which the flexible strip passes 25, provided with an end zone 35 ′ doubled according to the same arc as described in its movements the wheel 27 , adapting to these movements. In addition, in this example, there is also a guide arranged in the extension of the leaf, which moves like this, guiding the entry of the inserter inside the crowd.

For its part, in the embodiment shown in Figure 9, the "lance" or rigid clamp 26, which always remains meshed in the toothed wheel 27, has at its free end, opposite to that occupied by the insert- tor 17, a pulley or stop 36, which slides along a fixed inclined or arcuate track 37, so that it presses on the wheel and on this track, remains constantly horizontal, exactly aligned with the wing.

Finally, it should be noted that, in a general and express manner, of course it is logical, that in the practical realization of the weaving machine, object of the invention, and apart from those which have already been precisely indicated , we can introduce all the supplements and modifications of detail which do not affect what constitutes the essential character of the registration that we request.

Claims (6)

1. Weaving machine, characterized and made up of, located symmetrically at one and the other side of the frame, two feed mechanisms for warping yarns and for advancing and winding the fabric, with a view to the manufacture of two independent, parallel and vertical fabrics, the main weaving functions being common for two textures, such as fulling the weft, forming the crowd, adjusting the density of the weft and motor control. 2. Weaving machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the leaf, which remains subject to a back-and-forth movement on the vertical plane, is supported by a number - variable depending on the width of the fabric and the necessary crushing power - modular, independent and equal mechanisms, which are controlled synchronously from a common shaft. 3. A weaving machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each of the modular control mechanisms of the leaf, is integrated by a vertical column, to which the leaf is integral, which can pass through the meshes of the mechanism for forming the crowd and remains ready to slide in the axial direction, guided by elements fixed to the frame, remaining subject to a back-and-forth movement by a transmission mechanism, which forms a part of the module and which is connected to the shaft general command. 4. A weaving machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the back and forth movement, on the horizontal plane, of each of the heddles comprising the mechanism for controlling the development of the warping yarns to form the crowd, is determined positively in both directions, by two opposite rigid elements, actuated from the head of the machine, on which head, in one direction and in the other, by means of a set of belts , these two elements actuate guides by corresponding pulleys. 5. weaving machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the weft inserters are guided laterally in their movements through the crowd, by the own warping threads which form the latter, thereby printing these threads a movement synchronized with the movement of the leaf, so that, while the inserter is inside the crowd, the latter has, at the height of the comb, an opening coinciding with the width of the latter . 6. weaving machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the weft inserters is actuated by a wheel, the shaft of which moves on an arc of ideal circle in synchronism with the movement of the leaf, while maintaining this wheel constantly coupled to an actuating mechanism - together with the two machine insertion mechanisms - supported by the base plate.

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