Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
  • F02B19/14—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with compression ignition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• This invention relates in general to compression-ignition type engine. More particularly, i relates to one having a combustion chamber constructio that minimizes the emission of particulates.
• the conventional diesel engine is of the divide combustion chamber type.
• a precombustion chamber formed i the cylinder head is connected by a small diameter throa or transfer passage to a smaller facing chamber located i a recess in the piston, such, for example, as is shown i U.S. 2,594,681, Ricardo et al .
• the fuel is injected o sprayed directly into the center of the prechamber into swirling flow of air pushed into the chamber during, th engine compression cycle.
• Another commercially available diesel engin includes a secondary throat or transfer passage that pushe additional air into the prechamber in an opposing directio to set up opposing swirl motions and, therefore, provid better mixing.
• a secondary throat or transfer passage that pushe additional air into the prechamber in an opposing directio to set up opposing swirl motions and, therefore, provid better mixing.
• This invention relates to a prechamber that has heated tubular member located in the center of the chamber spaced from the chamber walls so that air flows in the clearance between the two; a portion of the outer surface of the tubular member being wet by the fuel " sprayed into the chamber to vaporize the fuel; the tubular member being heated by hot air forced into the member through a secondary transfer passage during the compression cycle of the engine; the member having transpiration holes in its wall that permit the flow of the hot air outwardly into the clearance space to provide rapid.mixing of the air and fuel vaporized by contact with the hot tubular member .
• Constructions are known in the prior art that include hot bodies adjacent the prechamber to better vaporize the fuel injected.
• U.S. 1,887,072, Suder et al shows a domed-like member G inserted between the transfer passage and the opening to the prechamber and provided with directional holes for controlling the flow of air into the prechamber. to better mix the air and fuel.
• U.S. 1,981,874, Mock shows in Figures 1 and 2 a prechamber with a conical insert against which fuel is sprayed for fogging the air/fuel mixture.
• Figure 3 shows the use of a ball attached to the engine side of the valve member .
• U.S. 2,766,738, Hoffmann, U.S. 2,761,431, Nallinger, U.S. 2,778,347, Mallinckrodt, U.S. 3,102,521, Slem ons, U.S. 4,071,001, Goto, and U.S. 4,076,000, Goto et al, are further illustrations of heated bodies and angled passages to provide vaporization and mixing of the air and fuel .
• engine combustion chamber containing vaporizing members are shown, for example, i German patents 251981, 714661, and Netherlands patent N.R. 36124.
• a perforated membe extends into or is adjacent the combustion chamber fo receiving fuel and/or air to be directed through holes t mix the fuel and air.
• the fuel i not sprayed directly against the outer surface of a tubula hollow member containing hot air from the engine fo passage through holes into the remaining portion of th prechamber of the engine.
• U.S. 1,129,316 shows a combus tion chamber in which fuel is injected through an air mixing tube containing laterally directed holes tha receive air during the compression cycle of the engine an eject the air/fuel mixture at other times, for mixing purposes.
• the construction is unlike that of the invention having a heated tubular member in the prechamber against which the fuel is sprayed and vaporized and mixed thoroughly with the usual supply of hot air swirling in the prechamber and additional air ejected from the inside of the tubular member.
• Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the Figure -1 showing.
• Figures 3, 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views illustrating modifications of the construction shown in Figures 1 and 2.
• Figure 1 illustrates a portion of an essentially conven ⁇ tional compression-ignition or diesel type engine. More specifically, it contains the usual engine block 10 having a cylinder bore 12 within which is slidably movable a piston 14. The upper end of piston 14 is formed with a shallow depression 16, which together with the piston face and the usual cylinder head 18 defines the main chamber of a divided combustion chambe .
• the other chamber 20 is defined by an insert 22 located in a recess 24 in cylinder head 18, and connected to chamber 16 by a primary throat or transfer passage 26.
• a conventional fuel injector 28 is adapted to spray fuel through the narrow angle indicated into the prechamber for mixing with the air that is swirled around therein in the usual manner.
• the cylinder head 18 contains the usual intake and exhaust passages 30 and 32, each controlled by a valve (only exhaust valve 34 shown). Further details of construction and operation of the engine pe se are not given since they are known and believed to be unnecessary for an understanding of the invention.
• a tubular ball shaped member 36 that i spaced equally from the walls of prechamber 20 as shown t permit the circulation of swirling air between the two.
• I is located so that its outer surface will be wet by th direct spray of fuel thereagainst as shown.
• Hot air i connected to the interior of the ball by means of a ste like tube 38 connected to a secondary or supplementa transfer passage 40 that is branched from the main o primary throat passage 26.
• a number of air transpiratio holes 42 bored through the wall of ball member 36 connec the hot air to the clearance space 44 during the compres sion cycle of the engine for mixing with the fuel vaporize in the prechamber.
• Figure 3 shows an alternative construction in which the outer surface 46 of ball 36 adjacent the trailing edge of holes 42 are provided with stepped portions 48.
• the latter define ramps that set up vortices to the air and fuel motion passing into contact with these portions to provide better mixing of the air and fuel.
• Figure 4 shows a further embodiment in which tubular member 36 is constructed with a mushroom-like shape having a domed outer surface 50 that provides additional surface upon which the fuel can spread for better mixing Additionally, the nonsymmetrical lower face portion 52 o the member provides a sharp change in direction to the flo of the air and fuel, with accompanying vortices, fo additional mixing.
• this embodimen is similar in operation to that of the Figures 2 and embodiments. Hot air is forced into the interior of th tubular member during the compression cycle of the engin and out through the transpiration holes 42 to mix with fue heated as it contacts the hot outer surface 50 of the dome member prior to passage of the mixture out into the engin through the primary throat transfer passage 26.
• Figure 5 shows a somewhat different constructio for mixing and vaporizing the fuel.
• fuel i injected into a small diameter premixing tube 54 supplie with hot air from a small diameter parallel passage 5 connected to a secondary inlet throat or transfer passag 40'.
• the air inlet 58 would apply the secondary ai tangentially to tube 54 to provide a mixing action with th fuel spray, the mixture then exiting at the lower end o tube 54 to mix with the swirling air and fuel in th prechamber prior to exit -through the primary throat o transfer passage 26.
• the mixing air flow in this cas would be small enough to assure that the mixture withi tube 54 is richer than the flammability limit so tha combustion would not occur in the tube.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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• 1982
  • 1982-09-30 GB GB08412649A patent/GB2137695B/en not_active Expired
  • 1982-09-30 EP EP82903512A patent/EP0120847A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-09-30 JP JP57503568A patent/JPS59501635A/ja active Pending
  • 1982-09-30 AU AU10112/83A patent/AU1011283A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-09-30 WO PCT/US1982/001374 patent/WO1984001407A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1982-09-30 DE DE19823249604 patent/DE3249604C2/de not_active Expired

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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