EP0117885B1 - Fenêtre thermiquement isolante - Google Patents

Fenêtre thermiquement isolante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0117885B1
EP0117885B1 EP83102197A EP83102197A EP0117885B1 EP 0117885 B1 EP0117885 B1 EP 0117885B1 EP 83102197 A EP83102197 A EP 83102197A EP 83102197 A EP83102197 A EP 83102197A EP 0117885 B1 EP0117885 B1 EP 0117885B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window according
panes
window
frame parts
drying chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83102197A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0117885A1 (fr
Inventor
Paul Grether
Bruno Dr. Keller
Kurt Brader
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geilinger AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority to AT83102197T priority Critical patent/ATE20614T1/de
Publication of EP0117885A1 publication Critical patent/EP0117885A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0117885B1 publication Critical patent/EP0117885B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66366—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit specially adapted for units comprising more than two panes or for attaching intermediate sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/64—Fixing of more than one pane to a frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S49/00—Movable or removable closures
    • Y10S49/01—Thermal breaks for frames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal insulation window, whose area k value in the area undisturbed by the edge is at most 0.8 W / m 2 K, with at least two cover or outer panes, which are spaced apart from one another by a spacer running along the edge are enclosed in an outer frame.
  • the reduction in the area k value results in an increase in the temperature difference between the outer and inner cover plates.
  • heat is increasingly conducted through the glass edge connection and the window frame, the adjacent glass surfaces acting as heat exchanger surfaces inside and outside as a result of the transverse conduction in the glass.
  • the thermal resistance R of a material layer is given by d / X, where d is the layer thickness in the direction of heat flow and ⁇ is the thermal conductivity of the material.
  • k value the thermal transmittance
  • the spacing of the cover panes of 12 - 24 mm achieves thermal resistances of 0.45 to 0.7 m 2 K / W, the surface k values of 1.6 to 1.1 W / m 2 K correspond.
  • hard plastic foams or thin-walled profiles for example made of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane or polyethylene, and porous mineral materials, such as mineral fiber boards, have proven themselves with increased fire protection requirements; their thermal conductivity coefficients ⁇ , or thermal conductivity coefficients averaged over their width, for profiles with air-filled or foam-filled spaces, are at least 0.05 W / m 2 K.
  • windows with an area k value equal to or less than 0.8 W / m must be used 2 K and whose thermal resistances in the glass and edge area are matched, have a layer thickness of the spacer in the heat flow direction or a spacing of the cover plates of at least 50 mm.
  • the gas filling is generally air.
  • open systems it must be ensured that when the window "breathes" as little dust as possible and no other pollutants, such as Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, ammonia, hydrogen chloride or others, and / or above all as little water vapor as possible get into the interior between the panes.
  • pollutants such as Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, ammonia, hydrogen chloride or others, and / or above all as little water vapor as possible get into the interior between the panes.
  • water vapor in particular not only penetrates open systems, but also diffuses through sealing and sealing compounds. It is therefore still necessary to connect the interior space between the cover disks with the outside air via a drying chamber containing a desiccant and, furthermore, to make the spacers permeable to air and water vapor.
  • the desiccant which can advantageously be designed as a dust and pollutant filter at the same time, consists, for example, of silica gel and / or molecular sieves (zeolites), possibly with the addition of activated carbon. If coatings are present in the interior of the cover pane, these can be better protected against corrosion, for example, if the desiccant has the corrosion-prone components of the coatings in finely divided form - e.g. as colloidal silver or copper precipitated from a salt solution.
  • the described, relatively complex construction of the new window requires a stable, weatherproof frame that must be rigid; because from experience it is known that the deflection of the cover plates due to wind loads may not exceed 1/300 of the linear dimension in the corresponding direction, the risk of breakage of the plates should not be increased inadmissibly.
  • the frame consists of separate metallic side frame parts in accordance with feature e) of claim 1, the stiffness requirement requiring a shear-resistant connection between the frame parts and the web.
  • the durability of the connection is ensured in that the thermal expansion of the web is at least approximately equal to that of the metallic frame parts.
  • the connection of frame parts and connecting web or webs is advantageously carried out by gluing, for example with an epoxy resin adhesive.
  • the connecting web can additionally form a water vapor barrier, wherein this vapor barrier can consist, for example, of a metal foil, the thickness of which is at most 0.1 mm, and the web forms a mechanical support for this metal foil.
  • the load on the desiccant in the drying chamber can be reduced and thus its service life can be increased if the drying chamber is preceded by a prechamber to the outside atmosphere; at least one of the two chambers is constructively advantageously integrated in at least one vertical strand of the side frame parts.
  • the aim of the antechamber is on the one hand to prevent the loading of the To keep desiccants as low as possible, but also to make the diffusion resistance for continuous water vapor diffusion as large as possible.
  • the prechamber contains at least one buffer volume which is closed at least in the direction of the outside atmosphere by diffusion-inhibiting openings of narrow cross-section;
  • One can speak of a buffer volume if the volume of the prechamber per m 2 of pane or window area is at least 100 cm 3 .
  • the purpose of the buffer volume is to keep the losses of compressed dry air as low as possible given the relatively high-frequency vibrations of the window as a result of changing wind loads.
  • the diffusion-inhibiting openings are also advantageous because they form an increased resistance when "exhaling".
  • the single figure schematically shows an example of the new window in the section through the edge area.
  • the window has two glass or plastic panes 1 and 2, which are supported by a spacer 3, e.g. made of hard PVC at a distance d.
  • This distance is, for example, 60 mm; however, it can also have any other value between 50 and approximately 200 mm.
  • the interior 4 between the cover disks 1 and 2 must therefore be divided by partition walls 5 to suppress convection currents.
  • partition walls 5 can e.g. consist of biaxially stretched plastic films with a thickness of 20-100 ⁇ m or of glass or plastic plates which are coated on one or both sides with IR-reflecting coatings 11, for example made of silver. Gold or copper, are coated.
  • elastic support pieces 22 are provided, which consist of commercially available foam and improve the contact of the disks 1 and 2 with the spacer 3.
  • the spacer 3 which is inherently air-permeable in terms of material, enables gas exchange with the edge area 10, which is limited to the outside by a closed frame 9.
  • the frame 9 consists inside and outside of a metal frame part 6, 7a and 7b, for example made of aluminum or brass.
  • a metal frame part 6, 7a and 7b for example made of aluminum or brass.
  • the frame parts 6 and 7b are joined together by means of an epoxy resin adhesive to form a rigid unit in a shear-resistant manner.
  • the outer connecting web 12 carries a vapor-impermeable metal foil 13, for example made of CrNi steel, nickel or titanium; the film 13 is glued to the web 12. Its thickness is only a few hundred parts mm, so that no thermal bridge is created between the frame parts 6 and 7b.
  • the profiles of the frame parts 6 and 7b are designed such that the insulation path a between them is equal to the distance d between the cover plates 1 and 2.
  • Another possibility for a vapor-tight connection between the frame parts 6 and 7b is to make the connecting webs 11 and 12 themselves from a dense material, for example made of glass, and to seal their joints to the frame parts 6 and 7b.
  • a mechanical protection for the metal foil 13 is also used e.g. made of PVC profile piece 14, which at the same time form the front edge pivoting into the fixed outer frame, not shown, with an opening casement window.
  • the profile piece 14 is also fitted into the frame parts 6 and 7b, e.g. trapped; its cavity is covered with a thermally insulating material 15, e.g. Glass wool or plastic foam, filled.
  • a cavity is delimited by the two connecting webs 11 and 12 and the frame parts 6 and 7b, which is partly filled with insulating material 15 and partly serves as a drying chamber 16 with drying agent 17.
  • an air-filled prechamber 19 is provided in the frame part 6 as a buffer volume, which on the one hand has a bore 20 to the drying chamber 16 at one level and on the other hand at a second, narrow inlet openings to the atmosphere, not shown from the first level as far away as possible.
  • the inlet openings advantageously have diameters of only 1-2 mm. For reasons of redundancy (risk of clogging), however, 2 or more entry openings are provided.
  • the connecting webs 11 and 12 consist of poorly heat-conducting plastic, e.g. Polyamide, or in particular from a glass fiber reinforced polyester. Their material is selected from the point of view that its coefficient of thermal expansion is as close as possible to that of the frame parts 6, 7a and 7b, which are generally made of aluminum or brass.
  • the frame part facing the interior of the building is designed in two parts, the separation between its lower parts 7a and 7b, which are detachably connected to one another, so that one or more panes can be exchanged 1, 2 and 5, respectively, without having to destroy the rigid, shear-resistant unit of the frame 9, formed from the frame parts 6 and 7b and the connecting webs 11 and 12. Repairing the window, for example in the event of glass breakage, is decisively simplified as a result.
  • cover disks 1 and 2 and the spacers 3 carrying the intermediate disks 5 are supported in the frame 9 in the usual way via inserts 21 centering these elements, which are arranged at the places customary in the glazing industry and consist of thermally insulating material, for example PVC or hardwood .
  • the seal between the frame 9 and the cover plates 1 and 2 provide e.g. sealing elements 23 consisting of at least very largely vapor-tight butyl rubber, which are connected to the frame parts 6 and 7b and the cover disks 1 and 2 by means of a permanently plastic adhesive connection 24, for example made of polyisobutyl. To the outside, these sealing elements 23 are preceded by a permanently elastic seal 25, usually based on polysulfide or silicone. With the seal 23 and the seal 25, the interior 4 is protected as far as possible against the ingress of water vapor, whereby the service life of the drying agent 17 is increased.
  • the drying chamber 16 which preferably runs vertically, has a filler opening for desiccant 17, which is preferably releasably closed and has a detachably closed filler opening at the top, which is not expressly shown.

Claims (9)

  1. Fenêtre d'isolation thermique dont la valeur superficielle est au maximum de 0,8 W/m2K dans la zone non perturbée par des influences marginales, comprenant au moins deux vitres de garniture ou vitres externes qui sont maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre par l'intermédiaire de pièces d'espacement s'étendant le long de la bordure, et sont entourées par un encadrement externe, caractérisée par la combinaison des caractéristiques connues par elles-mêmes.
    a. la largeur intérieure (d) de l'espace interne (4) entre les vitres de garniture (1, 2) est d'au moins 50 mm;
    b. au moins une cloison intermédiaire transparente (5) est intercalée entre les vitres de garniture (1, 2) et à distance de ces dernières;
    c. au moins l'une des surfaces de vitre ou de cloison intermédiaire de l'espace interne (4) est munie d'un revetement (11) à réflexion sélective;
    d. la ou les pièces d'espacement (3) consistent en un matériau non métallique et sont réalisées perméables à l'air;
    e. l'encadrement (9) se compose de deux parties latérales métalliques d'encadrement séparées (6, 7a, 7b), qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre avec résistance à la poussée, pour former une unité fermée rigide à la flexion, par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une membrure (11, 12) thermiquement isolante et longeant le pourtour;
    f. la distance d'isolation entre les parties métalliques d'encadrement (6, 7a, 7b), c'est-à-dire leur distance verticale (a) la plus petite par rapport aux vitres (1, 2), mesure au moins 0,8 fois la largeur intérieure (d) de l'espace interne;
    g. l'allure de la dilatation thermique de la membrure (11, 12) est au moins approximativement identique à celle des parties d'encadrement (6, 7a, 7b);
    h. la chambre à air (4) entre les vitres de garniture (1, 2) est reliée à l'atmosphère extérieure (A) par l'intermédiaire d'une chambre de dessiccation (16) emplie d'un moyen de dessiccation (17).
  2. 2. Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la membrure (12) de liaison des parties métalliques d'encadrement (6, 7a, 7b) forme un pare-vapeur d'eau.
  3. 3. Fenêtre selon la revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait que le pare-vapeur consiste en une feuille métallique (13) dont l'épaisseur est au maximum de 0,1 mm.
  4. 4. Fenêtre selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que la membrure (12) forme un support mécanique de la feuille métallique (13).
  5. 5. Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la chambre de dessiccation (16) est en même temps réalisée sous-la forme d'un filtre à poussière absorbant des substances nocives.
  6. 6. Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'un pré-compartiment (19) est disposé avant la chambre de dessiccation (16) en direction de l'atmosphére extérieure (A).
  7. 7. Fenêtre selon la revendication 6, caractérisée par le fait que le pré-compartiment (19) renferme au moins un volume tampon rendu hermétique, au moins en direction de l'atmosphére extérieure (A), par des orifices de section étroite empechant la diffusion.
  8. 8. Fenêtre selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait que le volume tampon du pré-compartiment est d'au moins 100 cm3 par m2 de surface de la vitre ou de la fenêtre.
  9. 9. Fenêtre selon la revendication 6, caractérisée par le fait que la chambre de dessiccation et/ou le précompartiment (16 et 19) sont incorporés dans au moins un tronçon vertical des parties latérales d'encadrement (6).
EP83102197A 1983-02-09 1983-03-05 Fenêtre thermiquement isolante Expired EP0117885B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102197T ATE20614T1 (de) 1983-02-09 1983-03-05 Waermeisolationsfenster.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH715/83A CH665255A5 (de) 1983-02-09 1983-02-09 Waermeisolationsfenster.
CH715/83 1983-02-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0117885A1 EP0117885A1 (fr) 1984-09-12
EP0117885B1 true EP0117885B1 (fr) 1986-07-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83102197A Expired EP0117885B1 (fr) 1983-02-09 1983-03-05 Fenêtre thermiquement isolante

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4563843A (fr)
EP (1) EP0117885B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE20614T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1257142A (fr)
CH (1) CH665255A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3364309D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK154445C (fr)
FI (1) FI75649C (fr)
NO (1) NO161187C (fr)

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US4149348A (en) * 1977-07-15 1979-04-17 Ppg Industries, Inc. Multiple glazed unit having inner sheet mounted within a spacer
DE2753127A1 (de) * 1977-11-29 1979-06-07 Tilman Ludwig Dipl In Weinlich Verfahren und konstruktion zum einspannen von folien zwischen scheiben
DE2948018A1 (de) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-04 Wilh. Frank Gmbh, 7022 Leinfelden-Echterdingen Mehrscheiben-isolierglas
JPS57502221A (fr) * 1981-01-29 1982-12-16

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19603638A1 (de) * 1995-02-06 1996-10-10 Geilinger Ag Glaselement mit integrierter Store
DE19603638C2 (de) * 1995-02-06 1998-03-19 Geilinger Ag Glaselement mit integrierter Store
DE102006046458A1 (de) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Inoutic / Deceuninck Gmbh Fenster oder Türe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK574783D0 (da) 1983-12-14
DK574783A (da) 1984-08-10
FI840398A0 (fi) 1984-01-31
EP0117885A1 (fr) 1984-09-12
FI75649B (fi) 1988-03-31
CA1257142A (fr) 1989-07-11
DE3364309D1 (en) 1986-08-07
US4563843A (en) 1986-01-14
DK154445C (da) 1989-05-08
FI75649C (fi) 1988-07-11
NO161187B (no) 1989-04-03
FI840398A (fi) 1984-08-10
DK154445B (da) 1988-11-14
NO840469L (no) 1984-08-10
NO161187C (no) 1989-07-12
ATE20614T1 (de) 1986-07-15
CH665255A5 (de) 1988-04-29

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