Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
  • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
  • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H1/435—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
  • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
  • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
  • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
  • D04H1/554—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by radio-frequency heating
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
  • D04H1/68—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
• Voluminous, fibrous, textile fabrics produced in this way can be used in many fields. They are ideal for padding clothing, isolating and insulating sound and heat or cold, for absorbing or increasing absorption of: liquids, especially water, as a particularly soft and elastic packaging material, for cladding, protective pads and many other applications .
• the voluminous, fibrous, textile fabrics are made from fibers, in particular from mats, nonwovens or nonwovens, and as a rule with binders, i.e. loosely solidified with aqueous dispersions of suitable polymers and / or with binding fibers.
• binders i.e. loosely solidified with aqueous dispersions of suitable polymers and / or with binding fibers.
• the binder dispersions which usually contain crosslinking agents, catalysts, thermosensitizers, dyes, wetting agents and other auxiliaries and are known as "binder liquor"
• binder liquor can be added to the fiber structure by spraying by splashing, by printing or by impregnation.
• the impregnation of the fabric is more economical.
• the fabric or the fiber accumulation is immersed in the binder liquor.
• the excess is then removed by suction or squeezing. This results in a uniform penetration of the binder liquor within the fabric.
• the binder-containing wet sheet is dried and heated to temperatures above 100 ° C. for crosslinking or vulcanization. Heating takes place either in convection dryers (belt or flat belt dryers) or on contact dryers (Cylinder dryer). Radiation dryers with infrared emitters of wavelengths of about 0.7 to 200 ⁇ m are also used for predrying or for coagulating thermosensitive binder liquors in the loaded fiber web before the actual drying. The consequence of this is that a pre-binding is achieved at 40-80 ° C. by coagulation of the binders, the binders being fixed locally and migration being prevented during post-drying.
• the thickness of the impregnated, vacuumed or squeezed, sprayed, splashed or printed sheet is reduced or, in the best case, only maintained. It has indeed been proposed to subsequently compress the dried flat structures in a separate process step in order to achieve a greater thickness or a larger volume. However, the increase in volume is unsatisfactory because the fibers have been bonded to one another and have become immobile due to the binders being fixed in their position.
• the invention is based on the object of developing an economical process for the production of particularly voluminous, thick, fiber-containing, textile fabrics which can be used in the fields of application mentioned at the outset and which, depending on the purpose, also during use, in particular when treated with water, not for "Clap together” tend to form a permanently fixed voluminous structure.
• fiber-containing textile fabrics dry or wet-laid nonwovens, loosely bound nonwovens, ie those nonwovens have sufficient mobility and, if appropriate, correspondingly loose fabrics or knitted fabrics are to be processed.
• the impregnation of such fibrous, textile fabrics should be carried out with aqueous binders or binder liquors, which may crosslink or vulcanize during drying.
• the textile fabrics exposed to the high-frequency field of the specified frequency are not only permanently solidified, but are also inflated to an extent not known to date.
• the inflated structure is stable and remains in use, depending on the purpose, i.e. largely preserved even when treated with water.
• high frequency is understood to be the range between 30 KHz to 30 GHz. Wavelengths from 10 MHz to 3 GHz are preferred.
• the swelling of the wet textile web with the formation of a permanently fixed, voluminous structure in the high-frequency field is also surprising because, according to the literature ("Nonwovens", J. Lünenschand and W. Albrecht, Stuttgart 1982, pages 219-221) in the attempt to Heating and evaporation of water and the crosslinking of the binder liquor by treating the sheet between the electrodes of a high-frequency capacitor do not have a comparable effect. This proposal easily leads to quality and product-reducing spark breakdowns, which can be so large that burn holes are created in the web.
• high-frequency dryers When working under these conditions with high field strengths, too rapid heating and insufficient water vapor permeability form vapor bubbles which were perceived as annoying and moreover collapse after cooling. For this reason, high-frequency dryers have not gained any practical importance in nonwoven drying and nonwoven consolidation. It is known to generally lead to deteriorated products. At no time have high-frequency dryers been used to achieve special product properties, in particular to achieve products with stable, improved bulk. At most, they are customary for heat welding so-called high-frequency weldable wadding and nonwovens.
• the proposed method can be applied to all fibrous textile fabrics whose fibers are sufficiently mobile. In particular, these are loose, fiber-containing nonwovens or nonwovens.
• cellulosic fibers are suitable which "clap together" during processing according to conventional methods.
• the fibers can be pre-bound mechanically and / or adhesively or cohesively.
• the wet textile fabric containing foam auxiliaries is exposed to a high-frequency field in the wavelength range from 30 KHz to 30 GHz, foaming of the liquid containing foam auxiliaries occurring simultaneously with the spontaneously occurring water evaporation.
• the wet, fibrous substrate is considerably inflated by the foam bubbles that are created, giving it a higher volume compared to the volume before the treatment. It is dried in this state at the same time and, if necessary, condensed or vulcanized.
• the increase in thickness is considerable. It reaches values up to over 300 J l based on conventional impregnation without high-frequency treatment.
• the wavelength range has proven particularly useful from 10 MHz to 3 GHz.
• the nonwovens or wadding made of loosely deposited fibers are expediently lightly pre-consolidated, but the mobility of the fibers must be maintained to the desired extent. Also mechanically, for example by needling, adhesively by liquid or solid binders or cohesively by loosening or welding the fibers.
• Solidified textile fabrics must be designed in such a way that the fibers remain movable with one another and / or in layers with one another during the foam formation which takes place under the high-frequency treatment. For this reason, such flat structures are particularly suitable whose separation force, based on DIN 53357, does not exceed 30 N / 50 mm strip width. The lower the separation force, the greater the thickness increase and vice versa.
• the separating force is thus well suited to specifically control the increase in thickness of the fabric under otherwise identical process conditions.
• the release force itself can be varied in the usual way, e.g. for pre-needled nonwovens by the needle density (number of punctures per cm) or the needle penetration depth or, in the case of other pre-bonded nonwovens, by the type, amount and distribution of the binder or binding fibers used for pre-consolidation .
• cellulosic fibers are particularly desirable because, on the one hand, they become particularly thin by the known methods of applying binder and, on the other hand, are suitable for many areas of application because of their good absorbency.
• the binder flute can be added to the textile fibrous sheet by the usual methods, in particular by impregnation. The process leads to bloated products when only water and foam additives are used. From the- Products. The squeezing effect is between 80% and 500%, based on the weight.
• binder liquors containing aqueous foam auxiliaries are used.
• the increase in thickness achieved by the high-frequency exposure is then stabilized and fixed after the drying and binder crosslinking or vulcanization by gluing the fibers to one another.
• drying or crosslinking and / or vulcanization is carried out with flat belt or wire belt dryers. Such dryers exert only a small contact pressure on the inflated and still moist material, so that the desired voluminous structure is retained.
• binders can be used, as are known for the consolidation of nonwovens and wadding, e.g. Polymers or copolymers based on acrylate, methacrylate, polyurethane, butadiene-acrylonitrile, butadiene styrene, phenol formaldehyde, melamine and urea resins and mixtures thereof.
• the binder liquors appropriately contain conventional additives such as crosslinking agents, catalysts, thermosensitizers, dyes, wetting agents and the like.
• Emulsifiers or surfactants admixed with the binder dispersions are expediently used as foam auxiliaries. Binder dispersions that do not contain any foam auxiliaries and may result in insufficient volume swelling when the method is used are mixed with a separate conventional foam auxiliary before use.
• Alkali salts of higher fatty acids, sulfated oils, alkyl and aralkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, fatty acid condensation products, hydroxyalkyl sulfoxides, amine oxides, ampholytes, etc. are expediently used as foam auxiliaries.
• the foam aids develop bubbles that are enveloped in a surfactant layer. In the proposed method, however, the bloating takes place less by air than by water vapor bubbles, the water vapor being generated from the binder liquor by the high-frequency treatment.
• the wet fibrous web can be exposed to high-frequency beams in different ways.
• the wet web is between the Electrode plates of the high-frequency radiator passed through.
• spark breakdowns can occur, especially when working in the megahertz range.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the method which avoids this danger, consists in not running the material web between the electrode plates, but rather parallel to the electrode rods attached on one side.
• Appropriate shielding can easily prevent water vapor from entering the gap between the electrodes.
• the electrode and counter electrode are therefore on the same web side. This prevents arcing from going vertically through the material. If arcing occurs at all, this happens parallel to the web.
• Appropriate electrode spacing and electrode voltages make it possible to avoid arcing entirely.
• the electrical conductivity may be too high.
• the risk of arcing can be avoided.
• the risk of sparking is so low that the wet web of material can usually also be passed between the electrodes. Due to the higher frequency, lower electrode voltages can be applied.
• the most suitable frequency can easily be determined in individual cases.
• the international for industrial applications Frequently used and released frequencies of 13.56, 27.12, 450 MHz, as well as in the gigab area of 2.45 GHz are usable.
• the range defined in the patent claims is generally suitable. In many cases the 10 GHz range is preferred because of the particularly high absorption capacity of the water.
• the choice of high frequency range can also be influenced by the width of the goods. So it is advantageous to work in the lower megahertz range with the longer wavelength there if a large web width is desired.
• the frequency of 27.12 MHz corresponds, for example, to a wavelength of approximately 11 m.
• an effective useful width for the web of about 2 m can be achieved.
• the wavelength of 13.56 MHz is approximately 22 m, so that the useful width is doubled.
• the wavelength is only 12.3 cm. Only one unit of use of a few centimeters is then obtained per unit, so that in this case a device with numerous units arranged side by side would have to be used.
• this is currently only possible up to a working width of about 50 cm, so that only relatively narrow material webs can be loaded.
• the following examples show the implementation of the claimed method. Based on the correlations shown, further embodiments can be put together in numerous configurations and depending on the respective requirements and working conditions.
• the material is expanded from an original thickness of 3.1 mm (after squeezing 1.6 mm) within 3 seconds with foaming to a final thickness of 5 mm. Drying is carried out at 110 ° C. in a conventional belt dryer.
• the resulting material is elastic and very soft to the touch. It is suitable for example as V erpackungs- material.
• the material soaked is moved over the stray field electrode of an HF generator with a frequency of 27.12 MHz.
• the material is expanded from initially 3.1 mm to 6.2 mm within 2 seconds with foaming. It leaves the HF field while steaming and is then dried and condensed in a belt dryer at 140 ° C.
• the resulting fabric has large voids inside, is elastic and absorbs about 600% of its own weight in water.
• a 200 g / m 2 heavy nonwoven fabric which contains 85% ZW and 15 PP as binding fiber and was additionally needled with 25 punctures per cm2, shows a separating force based on DIN 53 357 of 13 N / 50 mm according to the known manufacturing process.
• This material is made with a binder liquor made of acrylic dispersion, melamine resin, catalyst and 1.7% foam aid impregnated from the group of ampholytes and squeezed to 90% wet absorption.
• the material is raised from initially 2.9 mm to 3.5 mm within 5 seconds. After drying and condensation at 135 ° C, a soft, layered material is obtained.
• a 250 g / m 2 heavy, with 25 punctures per cm 2 needled nonwoven made of 50% BW, 42% and 8 ö polyester fibers is produced by conventional methods, but the needle board used in the needle machine in rows in the direction of production thicker and stronger acting needles than has the rest, so that a longitudinal structure is formed.
• An electrolyte-resistant butadiene nitrile latex is mixed with conventional additives (sulfur, zinc oxide, vulcanizing agents) and foaming agents based on alkyl sulfonate and by adding table salt and an organopolysiloxane of the Coagulat WS ( R ) type (Bayer AG) and an oxyethylation product of the Emulvin W (R) type ( Bayer AG) to a coagulation point of 55 ° C thermosensitive.
• the needled fleece is impregnated with the foamed binder liquor and squeezed to a wet absorption of 100%.
• the treatment is then carried out in the microwave field with a power of 2.5 KW and a frequency of 2,450 MHz.
• the material is inflated from an initial thickness of 3 mm to 4.7 mm, creating a groove-like profile.
• the voluminous nonwoven fabric is dried and vulcanized at 150 ° C on a conventional belt dryer, which stabilizes these profiles. Soluble constituents are then washed out of the latex on a conventional, continuous washing machine. After drying again, it becomes a soft surface receive images, the binders and cavities of which are evenly distributed over the cross-section and which is three-dimensionally structured on its surface.
• a nonwoven fabric weighing 220 g / m 2 made of 33% BW, 44% carboxyl group-containing ZW and 23% polyester fibers is needled with 29 punctures per cm 2 and between 2 rotating rollers with a foamed butadiene-acrylonitrile latex, the usual additives (sulfur, zinc oxide , Vulcanization accelerator, wetting agent) were added, impregnated and dried on cylinder dryers.
• the partial migration of binders causes skin formation on the surfaces.
• This pre-bonded material usually has a separating force based on DIN 53 357 of 21 N / 50 nm and has a thickness of 2 mm.
• a binder liquor composed of acidically crosslinkable butadiene-acrylonitrile latex, which contains stabilizing agent and catalyst, and squeezed to a wet absorption of 150%.
• a microwave field with a frequency of 2,450 MHz and an output of 2.7 KW, the thickness of the material increases to 3.1 mm. Drying and condensation take place in a conventional belt dryer at 140 ° C. The resulting sheet shows improved surface strength due to the surface enriched with binder.
• a 150 g / m 2 heavy nonwoven fabric made of 80% polyamide and 20% polyester fibers is needled with 19 punctures per cm 2 .
• the 8 mm thick fleece which has a release force of less than 1 N / 50 mm, is coated with a 50% binder liquor made from phenol-formaldehyde resin, aluminum oxide with grain size F 240, thickener and foam auxiliaries of the type of aralkyl impregnated, so that a weight gain of 90 0 g / m 2 occurs, and then exposed to a high-frequency field the frequency of 27.12 MHz and a power of 4.5 KW. This leads to a considerable increase in thickness.
• the inflated material is dried at 170 ° C in a conventional belt dryer and condensed.
• the result is a 10 mm thick sheet which is very open in its structure and, due to its abrasive grain content, has a considerable abrasive effect.
• 106 g of butadiene-acrylonitrile latex with a solids content of 47% and with conventional additives (sulfur, zinc oxide, vulcanization accelerators, organopolysiloxanes, foam aids etc.) are heat-sensitive with a coagulation point of 55 - 60 ° C and expanded to twice the volume.
• 350 g of a 10% by weight suspension of cellulose short cut fibers 5.6 dtex / 8 mm, cellulose (weight ratio 75:25) and foam auxiliaries are introduced into the foam and the entire mass is foamed to 1,100 ml.
• the foamy latex fiber mass obtained in this way is applied to a carrier fabric with a thickness of approximately 3 mm and passed under a microwave radiator with a frequency of 2,450 MHz and a power of 1.8 KW.
• a thickness increase of 4 to 5 mm occurs with simultaneous coagulation of the mass.
• drying, vulcanization, washing and drying are carried out again.
• a sponge-like material results with open and closely spaced pores that are evenly distributed over the cross-section.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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• 1984
  • 1984-02-04 EP EP84101162A patent/EP0117458A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-02-24 ES ES530010A patent/ES530010A0/es active Granted
  • 1984-02-24 JP JP59034111A patent/JPS59163457A/ja active Pending
• 1985
  • 1985-11-13 US US06/798,134 patent/US4622238A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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