EP0111178A1 - Dispositif de contrôle avec plusieurs détecteurs connectés, en forme de chaîne, à une ligne de signalisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de contrôle avec plusieurs détecteurs connectés, en forme de chaîne, à une ligne de signalisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0111178A1
EP0111178A1 EP83111329A EP83111329A EP0111178A1 EP 0111178 A1 EP0111178 A1 EP 0111178A1 EP 83111329 A EP83111329 A EP 83111329A EP 83111329 A EP83111329 A EP 83111329A EP 0111178 A1 EP0111178 A1 EP 0111178A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
monitoring system
electronic circuit
circuit part
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83111329A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0111178B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürg Dr. sc. nat. Muggli
Peter Dipl. El.-Ing Mueller
Hansjürg Waelti
Eugen Dr. Phil. Schibli
Max Grimm
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Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/005—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station with substations connected in series, e.g. cascade

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring system with a plurality of detectors lying in a chain on a detection line, which are connected to a control center with an evaluation unit, in each of which a series switch is opened to a first value by a jump in the interrogation voltage generated by the control center and the series switch is jumped switches the same interrogation voltage to a second value and after a time determined by the detector status to the next detector or control unit.
  • European patent specification 0 042 501 describes a method for identifying detectors within a fire alarm system. If a fault occurs, the query direction for the affected zone is reversed.
  • CH Patent Application No. 2589 / 82-3 (C 239) also describes a method for identifying detectors in a surveillance system.
  • Each of the detectors has an address memory that is provided with the address that is characteristic of the detector.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known systems.
  • the purpose of the invention is to achieve that the detectors or sensors of different types can be operated in the same detection line.
  • the following types are to be understood here: ionization, optical smoke, heat, radiation, gas and intrusion detectors or sensors. Fire alarm buttons and control devices are also provided, which are connected to the same line as the detectors.
  • the Ver Different detector types can be connected to a detection line or control center in the invention without any adjustment problems, because each detector or sensor makes its own decision about its state (silence, warning, alarm, fault). Existing monitoring systems can therefore be modernized with little effort. If the electronic circuit is installed in the detector base, the circuits and the control center form a complete transmission system. This has the great advantage that a system can also be put into operation when only some of the detectors are used (commissioning, conversion, revision by sector).
  • the electronic circuit according to the invention allows the transmission of all signals (information signals from the detectors to the control center and control signals in the opposite direction) on only one line pair.
  • the invention results in a strong reduction in the susceptibility of the lines or the entire system to interference on two lines.
  • detectors or sensors can also be connected to the electronic circuit according to the invention. This is an advantage if several detectors or sensors are housed in the same room. No matter which detector or sensor responds, only the room is detected. Each detector switches on the associated alarm indicator (e.g. LED) with its alarm status. t
  • the electronic circuit according to the invention also serves to detect a short circuit. towards the next detector.
  • the short-circuit point can be located precisely and the fault can therefore be remedied quickly and easily.
  • the full working voltage is maintained across the entire detector line. Only the part of the detector line on which the short circuit exists is switched off. This has the advantage that, despite a short circuit, the polling cycle of the individual detectors or sensors continues to be carried out and a change in their states is recognized immediately.
  • the electrical signals corresponding to the detector states are only evaluated in the control center in predetermined time ranges.
  • the time periods in between are defined as "fault bands”. Signals falling in these fault bands then cause a corresponding fault message in the control center.
  • the invention allows those electrical signals which the control center emits to combat the alarm recognized and reported by one or more detectors to be sent on the same lines. In contrast, in the prior art, these signals are sent on additional, separate lines. The invention therefore saves a lot of wiring material.
  • the invention is constructed according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • Figure 1 shows the control center 7 of a surveillance system.
  • the individual detectors with the detector bases Fl, F2 to Fn and the detector inserts ME1, ME2 to MEn are connected to the control center on detector lines 1, 4, 5.
  • the detector. Inserts can be designed as ionization, heat, radiation, gas, intrusion inserts and optical smoke detector inserts.
  • the lines of the chain-connected detectors are connected to terminals A1 and A2 of control center 7 and evaluation unit 71.
  • the electronic circuit of the invention arranged in each of the detector bases Fl, F2 to Fn. At least one detector insert is provided on each base. In order to make FIG. 1 clear, only the switches S1, S2 to Sn and the electronic circuits B1, B2 to Bn are drawn in the base of the invention.
  • the switch of the same detector closes and connects the control center to the next detector, which is then queried. In this way, all detectors are queried individually and in sequence.
  • the signals. Representing the status of the detectors are evaluated in the evaluation unit 71. As soon as a detector reports an unusual condition [such as not ready, warning, alarm, fault of the detector, the electronic circuit or the detector line (short circuit, interruption)], this is indicated acoustically and optically or fixed in writing and the appropriate countermeasures initiated by the control center 7. Since this is generally known and does not form part of the subject matter of the invention, it is not dealt with in more detail here.
  • the electronic circuit B which is drawn in Figures 4, 5, ' 6, can also be accommodated in each of the detector inserts ME of Figure 1. This is shown, for example, in FIG. 9. It has also been considered to install the electronic circuit in a connecting element V between the detector insert and base F, as shown in FIG. If old surveillance systems are to be modernized, this can be done without much effort, since the invention can be arranged either in the detector base, in the detector insert or in the connecting piece V.
  • FIG. 2 shows the two-stage interrogation voltage U.
  • the time-t is entered on the abscissa and the voltage U on lines 1, 4 is entered on the ordinate.
  • the control voltage 8 within the query voltage 9 will be explained later in connection with FIG. 6.
  • the dashed control pulse 8 is also used to reset a detector that is in the alarm state. This has the advantage that detectors are reset to their normal idle status after their alarm is triggered individually or differentiated according to the type of detector.
  • This query voltage of Figure 2 is generated by the control center 7 and given to the lines or detector line.
  • the one stage 11 of the voltage U is, for example, 0 volts; the other level is 20 volts, for example.
  • This voltage curve is given to the detector line at certain time intervals. All detectors are queried in an interval of, for example, 1 to 2 seconds. Each detector transmits its status to the control center 7 one after the other. This is shown in the lower part of FIG. 2. There the time t is drawn on the abscissa and the current I of the detector line is drawn on the ordinate. It can be seen that the interrogation voltage 9 causes the switch S1 in the base F1 of the detector to be closed after a specific time t 1 , and the electronic circuit B1 generates a current pulse 10 of a specific amplitude and duration. The time t 1 is now a sign for the evaluation unit 71 that the detectors F1 and ME1 are in the normal idle state of the operational readiness.
  • the time t 2 is equal to t 1 .
  • the third detector is in the alarm state.
  • the current amplitude jumps to a high value (caused by the additional current of the alarm indicator L 1 ).
  • the time t 3 (the time from connecting the third detector to switching the third switch to the fourth detector) is significantly longer than the other "normal" times t 1 and t 2 .
  • the evaluation unit 71 recognizes these two criteria (current amplitudes and times) of the alarm state of the third detector.
  • the control center 7 then initiates the corresponding measures.
  • the fourth detector is supposed to be in the normal idle state of operational readiness again.
  • the detector states can also be transmitted to the evaluation unit 71 only by one criterion (current amplitude or times) or with different current amplitudes, but with identical times.
  • a fault condition of the third detector is assumed as a further example. While the two detectors, consisting of bases Fl and insert ME1 and base F2 and insert. ME2, are at rest, the time t ' 3 is much longer.
  • the evaluation unit 71 evaluates this as a fault in the third detector.
  • the head office starts the corresponding measures.
  • the following detectors are once again in the normal idle state of operational readiness.
  • this second example is shown in dashed lines. If a detector is in the fault state, the alarm indicator is not activated and the dashed current curve in FIG. 2 therefore shows no jump in the current amplitude when S2 is switched through. The transmission of an alarm status to the control center is thanks the high current amplitude is extremely reliable.
  • the identification of the alarmed detector is also very useful and could be achieved by giving each detector its own number (address), so that the exact location of an event is immediately known.
  • the address and the status of the detector could therefore be transmitted to the control center using digital methods, for example.
  • such a system is very complex and prone to failure. It is also difficult to install because each detector has to be assigned a special number. The system may stop working if there is a single error.
  • the addressing of the individual detectors and the associated problems are eliminated. Rather, the numbering (identification) of the detectors is done by counting the current pulses (10) by the control center in each cycle.
  • the time intervals between the individual current pulses 10 can be arranged in such a way that the shortest time corresponds to the normal idle state (operational readiness), a medium time for alarm, and the longest time for malfunction is provided.
  • the time for the warning can either be the same as the time of the fault or it can be different. It is also readily possible for the shortest time to correspond to the alarm state, an average time for the normal idle state (operational readiness) and the longest time for the fault to be provided. In this case too, the time for the warning is either the same as that for the fault or different. All of these possible combinations can be provided on a case-by-case basis.
  • Circuit B of the invention is shown in FIG.
  • the interrogation voltage U of the control center 7 is at the terminals of lines 1 and 4.
  • the detector insert ME is connected to the circuit in the middle of FIG.
  • a state of the detector insert corresponds to a certain voltage or current value at its terminals la, 4a.
  • capacitor C1 feeds the entire circuit including the detector insert.
  • the collector-base path of Tll is polarized forward and a current across R7 creates a stable voltage on Zener diode D7.
  • Transistor T3 acts with R8 as a constant current source, the current of which is mirrored via R9, R12 and T5. A limited current is thus available at terminal 4a for supplying the detector insert ME.
  • the transistors T1, T2, T4, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T15, T17, T18 are not conductive and C6 is discharged.
  • R22 blocks switches T9, T10 during this time.
  • the network Dl, D2, T6, R18, R19 checks the following line section (terminals 1 and 5) for a short circuit.
  • T6 acts like an emitter follower, which charges the section in question approximately to the voltage at the base voltage divider R18, R19. If there is a short circuit, T6 remains conductive and keeps the voltage between R16, R17 so low that C2 cannot be charged to the switch-on voltage of T8. In the event of a short circuit, there is therefore no current pulse 10.
  • the two FETs T9 and T10 remain open and disconnect the line to the next detector and thus the short circuit from the control center 7. In this case, the evaluation unit 71 receives no current pulse for a long time. The control center now switches the next polling cycle to lines 1 and 5.
  • the query direction of the detectors is reversed. It is essential that, despite a short circuit, the detectors are queried undisturbed.
  • T2 will switch on via R6, R5 and Tl will conduct, ie the alarm indicator Ll will flash and visually indicate the alarm status directly at the detector.
  • a remote display can also be connected between terminals 1 and 6. The required voltage is generated across the Zener diode D8. This external display lights up in sync with Ll. If ME is in the fault state, the voltage at R5, R6 is not sufficient to activate Tl, ie Ll does not light up in the event of a fault. The dashed relay Y indicates that external loads can also be switched by the Ll pulse. The current for Ll comes partly from the line via D9, R2 and partly from the memory Cl via D10, Rl.
  • the portion over R2 is the large current increase after t 2 (FIG. 2) and is reliably detected by the center 71 as an alarm criterion.
  • the voltage divider R3, R4 blocks the current draw from the memory C1 as soon as its voltage drops too far. Since Cl is the supply voltage source, it must not discharge too far. It is clear that T1 no longer conducts as soon as C4 is discharged to such an extent that T15 locks. At this time T11 goes on line and Cl is reloaded via D9, R2, Rl, Tll. The polling cycle is complete when the line tension drops back to zero 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows a query cycle of the second kind, which is also carried out with the circuit of FIG. 4.
  • the time t is entered on the abscissa and the interrogation voltage U of lines 1, 4 and 5 on the ordinate.
  • the upper part of FIG. 3 shows the interrogation voltage 9, which is followed by an increased voltage 13.
  • the increased voltage 13 is intended to support the capacitor C1 in FIG. If a large number of detectors are connected to a detector line and are queried, the capacitors C1 of the last detectors MEn, MEn-1 discharge relatively strongly. With the help of the voltage 13, all capacitors C1 can be recharged sufficiently. In this case, the circuit (Fig.
  • the interrogation voltage 9 must be dimensioned or the interrogation voltage 9 can be selected such that the times t i are formed and the FET switches switch on, but the recharging of the storage capacitors is only activated by the increased voltage 13.
  • the LED L 1 of a detector which is in the alarm state will only light up after the interrogation voltage 9. This avoids malfunctions and incorrect information which could arise due to the current increase caused by the lighting up of the light-emitting diode during the polling cycle. In fact, all LEDs now light up at a point in time where otherwise only small currents flow. This results in a very high level of security for the entire monitoring system.
  • the control signal 8 will be explained later in connection with FIG. 6.
  • the dashed control pulse 8 is also used to reset a detector that is in the alarm state. This has the advantage that detectors are reset to their normal idle status after their alarm is triggered individually or differentiated according to the type of detector.
  • the current pulses 10 of the individual detectors and the current caused by the increased voltage are shown in the lower part of FIG.
  • the time t is shown on the abscissa and the current I of the detector line is shown on the ordinate.
  • the query cycle shows that the first two detectors are again in the idle state since the times t 1 and t 2 of their current pulses 10 are in the normal range.
  • the third detector is in the alarm state because the time t 3 of its current pulse is longer than the other two times.
  • the LED L 1 of this detector lights up. This is represented by an increased current amplitude 12.
  • the capacitor C 1 (FIG. 4) also charges itself sufficiently and can take over the power supply of this detector in full.
  • the charging of the capacitor is delayed by the time Tv, so that the current profile caused by the light-emitting diode L 1 can be reliably detected as an alarm criterion by the evaluation unit 71. This is shown in the lower part of FIG. 3. After a certain time, the next polling cycle comes.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the switch S. This example is used in the lower right part of the circuit B in FIG. 4 at the positions X, Z, 4 and 5.
  • the JFET circuit of FIG. 5 replaces the two FETs T9 and T10 of FIG. 4.
  • the capacitor C5 stores the gate bias for safe blocking of the JFET's T12 during the dead time 11 and the resistors R24, R25, R39 provide the correct DC voltage level at the gate.
  • the diodes D11, D13 perform the same function as the integral diodes of the switching FET's T9 and T10 in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention which can also be used so that control units can optionally be installed in the same detection line (lines 1, 4, 5 in FIG. 1) as the detectors, the control functions for taking countermeasures in the event of an alarm or fault To run.
  • control units can optionally be installed in the same detection line (lines 1, 4, 5 in FIG. 1) as the detectors, the control functions for taking countermeasures in the event of an alarm or fault To run.
  • FIG. 6 A preferred embodiment of the circuit for receiving the control pulses 8 (FIGS. 2 and 3) is shown in FIG. 6.
  • This receiver circuit is connected at points "+1" and "z" to the circuit of FIG. 4.
  • the output of the receiver circuit is preferably connected to terminal 4a in FIG. 4.
  • the output transistor of the receiver conducts and then causes a long time interval T s of the driven base.
  • the control center thus receives an acknowledgment that the control pulse was received correctly.
  • the circuit of FIG. 6 in the example described is obviously used for the targeted resetting of alarmed detector inserts ME.
  • the receiving circuit can also be used to trigger a wide variety of functions, in particular also to control relays in order to combat dangerous situations. In the prior art, separate lines are used for control functions.
  • the monitoring system described here thus saves a substantial amount of installation material.
  • T32 acts as an emitter follower and the voltage at C12 drops rapidly to the voltage of the control pulse, while the voltage at C13 can only change slowly due to the high resistances R56, R58. As a result, the voltage at node R56, R58, C13 becomes positive enough that T33 blocks. As soon as T33 locks, the flip-flop T34, T35 via T34 is made conductive from R60, R61.
  • the timing element R62, C16 essentially serves to maintain the supply voltage across the flip-flop even during the duration of the control pulse, where the voltage at point "z" can drop to zero.
  • the elements R63-R66,, C15 increase the interference immunity. It is clear that the control pulse is the The flip-flop can only switch on as long as T31 blocks, ie the control pulse must be present during the delay time, formed by Cll, R51, R52. The control pulse remains ineffective at all other times. This is extremely important so that individual detectors can be controlled selectively from the control center.
  • control pulses can be received and counted, e.g. various functions, depending on the number of control pulses, to be triggered optionally.
  • Other features of the control pulses e.g. width, height, frequency
  • commonly used in telecontrol technology can also be used to trigger control functions in a differentiated manner.
  • FIG. 7 shows the arrangement that a plurality of detector inserts ME1, ME2 to MEn are connected in parallel to the terminals la and 4a (FIG. 4) of a detector base F1 or F2 to Fn, which in turn is chain-like at the control center 7 with its evaluation unit 71.
  • the electronic circuit B of FIG. 4 is arranged in the detector base F with or without a combination of FIG. 5, which is indicated by the switches S1, S2, Sn.
  • the mode of operation is the same as for the arrangement in FIG. 1.
  • the states of the detector inserts ME connected in parallel to terminals la and 4a are no longer known individually.
  • FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of the electronic circuit B of FIG. 4 in a connecting piece V between the detector insert ME and the detector base F. This is particularly necessary for monitoring systems which are to be modernized while maintaining the old base and line routing.
  • FIG. 9 shows the arrangement of the electronic circuit B from FIG. 4 in the detector insert ME, which is arranged on the detector base F. These detectors can easily be used in existing monitoring systems.
  • FIG. 10 shows how the area used in the evaluation unit 71 is divided into "good” and "bad” areas for the detector times.
  • a circuit B is applied to voltage.
  • T resp. The current pulse 10 is generated. If the detected detector T n resp. T n '(corresponding to t 1 , t 21 t 3 , t 4 , t' 3 of Figures 2 and 3) in a good area (TR, TA, TS), depending on whether it is ready, warning, alarm or Detector fault decided. If a detector time falls outside of tolerance, that is, into one of the forbidden bad areas (TF1, TF2, TF3, TF4), then a fault in the electronic circuit B (e.g.
  • TF1, TF2, TF3, TF4 forbidden bad areas
  • the evaluation unit 71 contains a microprocessor, not shown, which compares the times t 1 , t2 , t 3 , t ' 3 , t 4 of the states of the detectors and connections with the program-stored "good” and "bad" time areas. Not only the detectors of Figures 1, 7, 8, 9 and the control unit of Figure 6, but also the electronic circuit B of Figures 4 and 5 and all lines conditions between the detectors, control units and the control center 7 are continuously monitored. This significantly improves the security of transmission.
  • F ig. 11 shows a simple design of the control center 7 with the evaluation unit 71.
  • the microprocessor takes over all the necessary control and monitoring functions.
  • the figure is divided into a circuit for the voltage control 73 and the current evaluation 72 as well as a line switching device 74.
  • the current measurement takes place in a known manner, via an operational amplifier OP1 which is connected as a comparator by means of R72 to R76 and whose output Up is connected to an input of the microprocessor.
  • This processor can now measure the times t 1 , t 2 etc. and assign them to one of the “time windows” shown in FIG. 10 (T R , T A , T S , T F1 to T F4 ) and thus determine in which state every single switch or detector is located.
  • a switching device is also shown, which is used to query the detection line either from the front A1 or from the rear A2 with the aid of a relay. This is very useful when there is a short or an open on the line.

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  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP83111329A 1982-11-23 1983-11-12 Dispositif de contrôle avec plusieurs détecteurs connectés, en forme de chaîne, à une ligne de signalisation Expired EP0111178B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH6808/82 1982-11-23
CH680882 1982-11-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0111178A1 true EP0111178A1 (fr) 1984-06-20
EP0111178B1 EP0111178B1 (fr) 1987-10-28

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EP83111329A Expired EP0111178B1 (fr) 1982-11-23 1983-11-12 Dispositif de contrôle avec plusieurs détecteurs connectés, en forme de chaîne, à une ligne de signalisation

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US (1) US4568919A (fr)
EP (1) EP0111178B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59109995A (fr)
CA (1) CA1201505A (fr)
DE (1) DE3374241D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK536683A (fr)
NO (1) NO159323C (fr)
YU (1) YU227883A (fr)

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EP2701132B1 (fr) 2012-08-23 2018-07-04 Novar GmbH Dispositif d'alarme comprenant une unité de stockage d'énergie local et système d'alarme basé sur le bus

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JP3292345B2 (ja) * 1994-03-29 2002-06-17 能美防災株式会社 火災報知設備の中継器および火災報知設備の受信部
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US6459370B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2002-10-01 Adt Services Ag Method and apparatus for determining proper installation of alarm devices
DE10051329C2 (de) * 2000-10-10 2003-12-11 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co Kg Gefahrenmeldeanlage
DE10234612A1 (de) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gefahrenmeldeanlage
DE10342625A1 (de) * 2003-09-15 2005-04-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensor
US7533517B2 (en) * 2005-04-14 2009-05-19 Snecma Exhaust nozzle for an engine of a flying craft
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FR2991116B1 (fr) * 2012-05-25 2014-05-16 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Systeme de detection securisee integrant des fonctions de diagnostic
JP6804134B2 (ja) * 2016-09-23 2020-12-23 ホーチキ株式会社 トンネル防災システム

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EP0156474A1 (fr) * 1984-02-24 1985-10-02 Tann-Synchronome Limited Système d'alarme d'incendie
EP0178474A2 (fr) * 1984-09-20 1986-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour l'identification du détecteur d'un système détecteur de dangers
EP0178474A3 (en) * 1984-09-20 1988-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Berlin Und Munchen Method and arrangement for the detector identification of a hazard detection system
EP0191239A1 (fr) * 1984-12-18 1986-08-20 Gent Limited Système de transmission d'information
DE3637681A1 (de) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-19 Siemens Ag Gefahrenmeldeanlage nach dem pulsmeldesystem
EP0347806A1 (fr) * 1988-06-23 1989-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour signaler les risques
EP0468097A2 (fr) * 1990-07-26 1992-01-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour signaler les risques
EP0468097A3 (en) * 1990-07-26 1993-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Danger signal appliance
DE4426466C2 (de) * 1994-07-26 2002-06-20 Siemens Ag Anordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben von Gefahrenmeldern
US5838231A (en) * 1995-10-10 1998-11-17 Senstar-Stellar Corporation Device for monitoring open terrain and for protecting objects
DE19960422C1 (de) * 1999-12-15 2001-01-25 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von als Stromsenken wirkenden gestörten Meldern in einer Gefahrenmeldeanlage
US6583628B2 (en) 1999-12-15 2003-06-24 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and device to determine malfunctioning detectors acting as current sinks in a danger signaling system
US6778371B2 (en) 2000-09-30 2004-08-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device for supplying electrical power to detectors, control devices and signaling devices
EP2701132B1 (fr) 2012-08-23 2018-07-04 Novar GmbH Dispositif d'alarme comprenant une unité de stockage d'énergie local et système d'alarme basé sur le bus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU227883A (en) 1986-10-31
NO159323B (no) 1988-09-05
DE3374241D1 (en) 1987-12-03
NO159323C (no) 1988-12-14
EP0111178B1 (fr) 1987-10-28
DK536683A (da) 1984-05-24
CA1201505A (fr) 1986-03-04
JPH0518159B2 (fr) 1993-03-11
JPS59109995A (ja) 1984-06-25
DK536683D0 (da) 1983-11-23
NO834287L (no) 1984-05-24
US4568919A (en) 1986-02-04

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