EP0088102A1 - Procede et dispositif pour ranger des pieces a usiner - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour ranger des pieces a usiner

Info

Publication number
EP0088102A1
EP0088102A1 EP19820902713 EP82902713A EP0088102A1 EP 0088102 A1 EP0088102 A1 EP 0088102A1 EP 19820902713 EP19820902713 EP 19820902713 EP 82902713 A EP82902713 A EP 82902713A EP 0088102 A1 EP0088102 A1 EP 0088102A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
workpieces
conveyor
conveyor track
sensor line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19820902713
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ludwig Pietzsch
Joachim Wilken
Klaus Dieter Marrack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DR.-ING. LUDWIG PIETZSCH GMBH & CO.
Original Assignee
Dr-Ing Ludwig Pietzsch & Co GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19813136340 external-priority patent/DE3136340A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19813136371 external-priority patent/DE3136371C2/de
Application filed by Dr-Ing Ludwig Pietzsch & Co GmbH filed Critical Dr-Ing Ludwig Pietzsch & Co GmbH
Publication of EP0088102A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088102A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/10Sorting according to size measured by light-responsive means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/02Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/02Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors
    • B65G47/04Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles
    • B65G47/12Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from disorderly-arranged article piles or from loose assemblages of articles
    • B65G47/14Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from disorderly-arranged article piles or from loose assemblages of articles arranging or orientating the articles by mechanical or pneumatic means during feeding
    • B65G47/1407Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from disorderly-arranged article piles or from loose assemblages of articles arranging or orientating the articles by mechanical or pneumatic means during feeding the articles being fed from a container, e.g. a bowl
    • B65G47/1442Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from disorderly-arranged article piles or from loose assemblages of articles arranging or orientating the articles by mechanical or pneumatic means during feeding the articles being fed from a container, e.g. a bowl by means of movement of the bottom or a part of the wall of the container
    • B65G47/1471Movement in one direction, substantially outwards
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/22Devices influencing the relative position or the attitude of articles during transit by conveyors
    • B65G47/24Devices influencing the relative position or the attitude of articles during transit by conveyors orientating the articles
    • B65G47/256Devices influencing the relative position or the attitude of articles during transit by conveyors orientating the articles removing incorrectly orientated articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for arranging workpieces, wherein a sensor line for scanning the workpieces moving along a conveyor path is arranged transversely to the conveyor path and the sensors of this sensor line create a scanning image which is compared with at least one reference image stored in a computer, and a device for performing this method ..
  • the workpiece geometry in particular the workpiece contour
  • the workpiece geometry is usually scanned in order to determine whether the workpiece is being conveyed in one or more selected preferred positions. If it is found in the comparison of the scanning image with the reference image that the workpiece is not moved in the or preferred position, such a workpiece is removed from the conveyor track at a special point and returned to its starting point, e.g. B. returned to a bunker.
  • other workpiece properties e.g. B. differences in surface quality, in the material or the like. scan and compare with the corresponding properties of a reference workpiece.
  • a "change in characteristics" is accordingly understood below that the sensor detects when the workpiece is passed over that a characteristic property changes on this workpiece, e.g. B. a change in the material from plastic in the first longitudinal half of the workpiece to metal in the second half of the workpiece or a change in the contour by driving over the sensors or a sensor with a workpiece edge, with a hole edge, a shoulder or the like.
  • Examples of conveying with variable, not exactly definable workpiece speeds are conveying using the gravity of the workpieces on inclined conveyor tracks (slides) or in free fall or conveying on conveyor tracks on which the workpieces find different friction conditions and therefore can assume locally different speeds.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a method of the type described in the introduction in such a way that satisfactory results are achieved even with arbitrarily variable, not exactly definable workpiece speeds.
  • the sensors of the sensor line are actuated automatically by moving the workpiece over it, and that a change in the respective sensor state due to a change in the feature on the workpiece recognized by the respective sensor in the computer is registered.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that a sensor line is arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the conveyor track, on which the workpieces are conveyed at varying conveying speeds, the sensors of the sensor line each being changed by a feature change registered by them, such as a change the geometric configuration (edge) on the workpiece.
  • the sensors of the sensor line are no longer "clocked", but are actuated by a change of features on the workpiece itself, in the case of sensors scanning the workpiece geometry or contour, for example by moving over a workpiece edge, a shoulder on the workpiece or Like.
  • the sensor is activated or deactivated each time a feature change on the workpiece. This leads to the same
  • the same scanning images will always result in this case as well, regardless of the workpiece length, due to the scanning according to the invention.
  • the time is measured during which the workpiece runs over the sensor line, and also the time from the first response of the sensor of the sensor line passes until the response of a sensor arranged behind it in the direction of movement of the workpiece passes, which can be actuated by driving over a workpiece edge after the time since the sensor line has been passed by the same workpiece edge, and that the workpiece length from the relationship
  • a device for performing this last-described method is characterized in that a sensor line is arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the conveyor track, that a single sensor is arranged at a distance from the sensor line downstream in the direction of transport, with all sensors moving over a workpiece edge are operable, that a timer is provided for the time required to drive over the workpiece for the sensor line, and a timer for the time that passes between the sensor line and the sensor with one and the same workpiece edge, and that a computer is provided in which the workpiece length is determined from the distance and the measured times.
  • the invention provides that the speed that the workpiece has in the area in front of the separating point and the workpiece length are determined and that speed, and Workpiece length the actuation time for discarding a * ; workpieces from the conveyor track are not determined in the or one of the preferred positions. Regardless of the workpiece speed, in the case of workpieces arriving in the fault position, the rejection is always operated until the workpiece is correctly rejected. This procedure is also conceivable if the workpiece is scanned in a different way than described above by sensors to determine its position, for example in a conventional manner.
  • a device for performing this last-described method is characterized according to the invention in that individual sensors are provided in the conveying direction in front of the separating point at a distance from one another in the conveying direction, which sensors can be actuated by driving over the workpiece edge, that a timer for the latter
  • OMPI Time is provided that the workpiece needs to pass the distance, and that a computer is provided in which from this time, the distance, the workpiece length and a distance from the last sensor in the conveying direction before the special point to the end of the special point Actuation time for the special office is determined.
  • a separation process of the type described usually concludes with the workpieces being gripped in a certain preferred position and transported further, for example being placed in a magazine.
  • the workpieces being gripped in a certain preferred position and transported further, for example being placed in a magazine.
  • it is necessary that complicated handling takes place which must be carried out in a conventional device with a handling device to be provided separately, this.
  • Handling device with its gripper has access to the end area of the conveyor track.
  • the workpieces which are not in the correct end position are provided can be brought into the desired end position by simply turning and / or turning.
  • this method is preferably carried out with a device which has a turning device and / or a turning device for the workpieces in the end region of the conveyor track.
  • the rotary and / or turning devices assigned to the conveyor track or the slide are considerably simpler in construction than a handling device provided separately, but they also perform the desired function just as well.
  • Herkör ⁇ ml before devices for organizing workpieces consist of a large number of components or individual devices, some of which are complicated in construction and are also space-consuming. It is also an object of the invention to create a space-saving device for separating workpieces, in which all the components are combined in a design that is partially simplified compared to the known separation devices to form a space-saving structural unit in the form of a compact device.
  • the invention provides that the conveyor track, which is designed as a slide with gravity feed, is preceded by a steep conveyor that feeds the slide with isolated workpieces, and that the slide is assigned a detection device with a sensor line arranged transversely to the conveyor track, the sensor line of which Sensors are automatically actuated by driving over the workpiece, that in the conveying direction, a separating device is provided behind the sensor line for separating missing workpieces, the actuation time of which depends on the workpiece speed and the workpiece length, that in the end region of the conveying direction there is a turning device and a turning device for the workpieces are provided and that the steep conveyor, slide and the other devices mentioned are combined in one structural unit.
  • an order device For the first time an order device is provided with the invention, all necessary for ordering operations started up for handling the workpieces located in the preferential position sums together in a compact device when pumping "of workpieces from a bunker. Due to the use of a vertical conveyor and a slide. Builds the device predominantly in the vertical direction instead of in the horizontal direction, which contributes significantly to the desired space saving. To save space as well as to simplify, the avoidance of additional complicated individual devices, for example a handling device or the like, also contributes.
  • the invention also aims to improve a steep conveyor, the conveyor belt being provided with inclined, arranged carrier webs for workpieces to be conveyed from a storage container or the like, on that side
  • a lateral stop is provided on the conveyor track at which the lower ends of the webs end.
  • the stop is arranged fixed on the support of the steep conveyor and protrudes over the conveyor track by a certain height.
  • Conveyor track used with a correspondingly changed web height or the stop can be exchanged for a stop with a different cantilever height adapted to the corresponding workpiece thickness. This is cumbersome and, in view of the required provision of numerous conveyor tracks adapted to different workpiece dimensions, with webs of different heights or appropriately adapted stops with different overhanging heights.
  • the stop can be adjusted in height in the direction of the normal to the conveyor track.
  • the stop is advantageously height-adjustable along a parallel guide arranged on the support of the conveyor track, for example by hand using an adjusting screw.
  • a fixed, raised wall is expediently provided in the region of the conveying direction behind the stop in order to hold workpieces of all thicknesses to be conveyed in this region on the conveying path.
  • This fixed wall expediently has a deflecting edge rising from the level of the stop in order to avoid tilting or jamming of the workpieces when the separating point between the stop and the wall is passed over.
  • the stop is designed, for example, as a strip made of sheet metal, plastic or another suitable material.
  • the steep conveyor according to the invention delivers the workpieces to a further processing station in one layer in a cycle due to the distance between the driving webs and in one of possibly several preferred positions. Because of this effect, the steep conveyor according to the invention is particularly suitable as a feeding device
  • OMP a workpiece detection device in an automatic separation system for workpieces.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a separating device for workpieces;
  • F Fiigg .. 2 2 a partial view of one of them on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a section of a slide of the device according to FIG. 1; F Fiigg .. 5 5 a section along the line V-V in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic side view of the slide in the area of workpiece recognition and separation; 7 shows a block diagram for an electrical circuit for determining the length of the workpieces; Fig. 8 is a side view of the discharge end of the chute and Fig. 9 is a plan view of this discharge end.
  • Fig. 1 shows in perspective: the overall view of an automatically operating installation for sorting workpieces 1.
  • the plant comprises a vertical conveyor 2 with a ge of a non "shown chain driven conveyor track 3 on which entrainment webs 4 obliquely downwards to in FIG. 1 on the right-hand boundary of the conveyor track 3.
  • the conveyor track 3 of the conveyor 2 plunges into a bunker 5 in which the workpieces 1 are randomly stored.
  • a baffle 12 slows down while the force of the incoming rejected by the shunt 10 workpieces and ensures a smooth sliding 'along the contact edge 13 of the guide plate rinse. 11
  • the right boundary of the conveyor track 3 in FIG. 1 is divided into regions 14, 15, 16.
  • the regions 14 and 16 are formed by strips 14, 16 made of sheet metal, plastic or another suitable material, which are attached to the stationary support 17 of the steep conveyor. These strips 14, 16 form boundary walls for the workpieces 1, which have slid downward on the inclined carrier webs 4.
  • the area 15 is formed by a bar which is adjustable in the direction of the double arrow F perpendicular to the conveyor track 3. At its two longitudinal ends, the strip 15 has guide lugs 18 through which guide bolts 19 fastened in the support 17 project. The height of the bar 15 can be adjusted against the force of springs 21 by adjusting nuts 20 screwed onto the threaded bolts 19.
  • the adjustable bar 15 projects beyond the conveyor track 3 only by a very small amount x in adaptation to a correspondingly small workpiece thickness of the workpiece 1 to be conveyed.
  • the driving webs 4 are a multiple of the workpiece thickness wider, i. H. they protrude from the conveyor track 3 by a multiple of the workpiece width. These takeaways are dimensioned so that they are the strongest with the steep conveyor
  • OMPI can easily convey the workpieces to be conveyed.
  • this stationary bar 16 is provided with a deflecting edge 16 'which rises obliquely from the level of the movable bar 15 and rises to a level which, for example, that of the fixed bar 14, d. H. z. B. corresponds to the greatest width of the carrier webs 4.
  • the limit 8 is designed in the same way as the stop 15 as a bar, which by means of guide projections 24 opposite the plane of the slide 7 by means of bolts 25 and adjusting nuts 26 against the force of springs 27 relative to the conveying plane 28 of the slide 7 is adjustable in height.
  • the height by which the bar 8 protrudes from the conveying plane 28 is adapted to the conveyed
  • the workpieces then arrive at a detection device 9, which comprises a row of sensors S .. arranged transversely to the slide.
  • a detection device 9 which comprises a row of sensors S .. arranged transversely to the slide.
  • FIG. 6 in which the slide 7 with the detection device 9 and switch 10 and a sensor arrangement is shown schematically in longitudinal section and with a longitudinal inclination of 30 ° relative to the horizontal which is sufficient to promote gravity.
  • the sensors of the sensor line S. respond "actively" only when there is a change that they notice on the workpieces 1 (not shown in FIG. 6) that are moved over them.
  • the sensors of the sensor line S. enable the workpieces 1 to be detected independently of the path and speed, with a clear and always identically assigned recording of the features when the workpieces 1 enter the sensor line S_ j . *
  • a single sensor S 2 is arranged at a distance a in the conveying direction behind the sensor line with the sensors S.
  • the sensors S. and S ? linking circuit for determining the workpiece length is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the outputs of the sensors S. form the inputs for an OR gate 30.
  • the output of this OR gate is connected on the one hand to a counter 32, which has a second input formed by the output of the sensor S 2 .
  • the output of the OR gate 30 is also led directly to a first input of a counter 31 and via a NAND gate 33 to a second input of this counter 31. Both counters are connected to a computer 34.
  • the counter 31 measures the time T. which elapses until the workpiece 1 has passed over the sensor line with the sensors S, i. H. that time from the first response of any sensor of the all unactuated sensors of the sensor line S. until the time at which all sensors of these sensor lines are again unactuated.
  • the counter 32 measures the time which elapses from the response of the first sensor S. of the sensor line to the response of the sensor S 2 .
  • This workpiece length is automatically determined by the computer 34 from the data transmitted by the counters 31, 32.
  • Another counter 35 is connected to the computer 34. Similar to the counter 32, the counter 35 is activated by two individual sensors S, S which are arranged at a distance b from one another and which are arranged downstream of the sensors S_, S 2 at a short distance in front of the switch 10. Task of these sensors. S, S. is to be determined in connection with the counter 35 and the computer 34, the turnout control time T ,, during which the turnout must be actuated to reject workpieces arriving incorrectly at the return plate 11. This happens according to the following laws:
  • .Tg is the time that the workpiece takes to cover the distance b between the two sensors S, S.
  • the switch 10 is activated when the sensor S »is activated.
  • the turnout control time results from
  • the turnout control time T w can also be described as follows:
  • the switch remains open for this time T y . If the time for calculating T u is not sufficient, the previously calculated value is used for this and is then replaced by the new calculated value replaced.
  • the counters run at a frequency of 16 kHz.
  • the switch 10 is formed by a total of four guide plates 36, which are extended through slots 37 in the chute for returning incorrect workpieces to the return plate 11, while being drawn into the slots for passing a workpiece 1 recognized in the correct position are, iso that they do not form an obstacle to the slipping of the workpiece on the chute 7.
  • the guide plates 36 have an inclination such that they guide workpieces arriving when the guide plates 36 are extended against a baffle plate 12, which in turn guides the workpieces onto the return plate 11 along its lower boundary wall 13 back into the bunker 5.
  • the switch 10 is, as described above, actuated by the computer 34 during certain times T w and triggered by the sensors So, S.
  • a rotary device 38 is provided in the conveying direction behind the baffle plate 12, the position of which with respect to the x direction and the y direction (FIG. 9) can be adjusted depending on the shape of the incoming workpiece.
  • a lifting device 39 is provided coaxially with the rotating device 38, with which a work piece to be rotated piece can be displaced from the conveying plane 28 to the rotary device 38 lying above it.
  • a workpiece stop 40 which is removed from the plane 28 of the chute 7 when the workpieces arrive in the correct end position, is used to stop workpieces to be rotated.
  • a turning device 41 is reached.
  • This turning device is formed by a swivel plate, which is normally aligned with the plane 28 of the slide 7 and out of this plane 28 about an axis 42 by an obtuse angle into the horizontal position 41 '(Fig. 8) is pivotable.
  • a holding device 43 for example in the form of a pneumatic suction device, is integrated in the plate 41.
  • a swivel arm 46 is fastened on the axis 42 and can be actuated via a drive, such as a hydraulic cylinder or another rotary drive.
  • a stop 47 at the end of the swivel plate 41 stops the incoming workpieces 1 in the correct position for folding or turning.

Abstract

Le dispositif pour ranger des pièces à usiner (1) comprend un transporteur (2) fortement incliné permettant de déplacer les pièces (1) d'un réservoir (5) jusqu'à une glissière (7) le long de laquelle les pièces glissent vers le bas et sont examinées par un dispositif de reconnaissance (9) pour déterminer si elles sont dans la position voulue. Si le résultat de l'examen est négatif, les pièces sont ramenées dans le réservoir au moyen d'un dispositif d'aiguillage (10). Si en revanche le résultat est positif, les pièces arrivent à l'extrémité (7') de la glissière (7) et de là sont conduites, éventuellement après une rotation dans une position déterminée, dans un magasin de réception. Le transporteur (2) présente avantageusement, le long de la bande de transport (3), des traverses inclinées (4) et, sur le côté de la bande (3), où reposent les extrémités inférieures des traverses (4), une butée latérale sous la forme d'une tringle (15) réglable en hauteur pour s'adapter à l'épaisseur des pièces. Cela permet le transport d'une seule pièce par emplacement, même lorsque les pièces sont extrêmement minces.
EP19820902713 1981-09-14 1982-08-27 Procede et dispositif pour ranger des pieces a usiner Withdrawn EP0088102A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813136340 DE3136340A1 (de) 1981-09-14 1981-09-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ordnen von werkstuecken
DE3136371 1981-09-14
DE19813136371 DE3136371C2 (de) 1981-09-14 1981-09-14 Steilförderer
DE3136340 1981-09-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088102A1 true EP0088102A1 (fr) 1983-09-14

Family

ID=25795991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820902713 Withdrawn EP0088102A1 (fr) 1981-09-14 1982-08-27 Procede et dispositif pour ranger des pieces a usiner

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0088102A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59500123A (fr)
WO (1) WO1983001020A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3312983A1 (de) * 1983-04-12 1984-10-18 Heinz 7070 Schwäbisch Gmünd Meitinger Sortiergeraet fuer mechanische bauteile
US4557386A (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-12-10 Cochlea Corporation System to measure geometric and electromagnetic characteristics of objects
US4576286A (en) * 1983-06-27 1986-03-18 Cochlea Corporation Parts sorting systems
EP0159559A3 (fr) * 1984-03-27 1986-05-07 Esm International, Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour trier des produits
DK0548383T3 (da) * 1991-12-20 1995-01-30 Frisco Findus Ag Apparat og fremgangsmåde til fremføring af fisk
US5950800A (en) * 1997-07-17 1999-09-14 Sandvik Sorting Systems, Inc. Conveying methods and apparatus
CN107020250A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-08-08 赵亮 一种含胶囊的泡罩胶囊板的检测及剔除机
CN107374647B (zh) * 2017-06-21 2020-05-26 温州市人民医院 抽血检验系统

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DE1140625B (de) * 1959-06-12 1962-12-06 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur Steuerung einer Maschine, bei der kontinuierlich zugefuehrtes Gut absatzweise entnommen, geprueft und aussortiert wird
DE1556588A1 (de) * 1968-01-20 1970-01-29 Schaeffler Ohg Industriewerk Schraegfoerderer
US3837486A (en) * 1973-07-09 1974-09-24 Emhart Corp Article inspection system
DE2534224C2 (de) * 1975-07-31 1983-07-14 Pietzsch, Ludwig, Dr.-Ing., 7500 Karlsruhe Verfahren zum Identifizieren eines Werkstückes und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
DE2856296A1 (de) * 1978-12-27 1980-07-10 Geba Geraetebau Gmbh Sortierer fuer beispielsweise einer bearbeitungsstation zuzufuehrende einzelteile
DE2916862C2 (de) * 1979-04-26 1984-12-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Einrichtung zum Prüfen der richtigen Lage und/oder Maße eines sich bewegenden Teils

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8301020A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59500123A (ja) 1984-01-26
WO1983001020A1 (fr) 1983-03-31

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: WILKEN, JOACHIM