EP0079010B1 - Détecteur de fumée - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0079010B1
EP0079010B1 EP82110013A EP82110013A EP0079010B1 EP 0079010 B1 EP0079010 B1 EP 0079010B1 EP 82110013 A EP82110013 A EP 82110013A EP 82110013 A EP82110013 A EP 82110013A EP 0079010 B1 EP0079010 B1 EP 0079010B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
smoke detector
radiation source
detector according
threshold value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82110013A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0079010A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürg Dr. sc. nat. Muggli
Heinz Dipl.-Ing.ETH Güttinger
Zoltan Dipl.-Ing. Horvath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Priority to AT82110013T priority Critical patent/ATE20398T1/de
Publication of EP0079010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0079010A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079010B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079010B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a smoke detector is known from Japanese published patent application No. 54-85786.
  • a smoke detector is known from WO-PA 80/1326 and EP-PA-14779, in which a radiation source is controlled by a pulse generator and emits short-lasting radiation pulses.
  • the receiver picks up the radiation that is scattered by smoke in the scattering volume, but also radiation that is reflected by the walls.
  • To compensate for aging and the temperature response of the transmitter and receiver e.g. in US Pat. No. 4,180,742
  • this is not sufficient to compensate for all possible changes due to contamination.
  • the main radiation receiver is positioned centrally symmetrically at the top, the reference receiver somewhat laterally at the top in the direct radiation path of the source. With this type of positioning, dust is only deposited on the radiation source. Condensation from gases, on the other hand, will equally prove the main recipient and reference recipient.
  • the regulation of the light output of the transmitter by measuring the signal of the reference cell therefore results in a scatter signal generated by the smoke on the main receiving cell, which is independent of the contamination of the detector.
  • the electronic circuit essentially consists of an oscillator for the power supply to the radiation source regulated by the reference cell, an amplifier and a threshold value detector with differential properties. If the output pulse changes very slowly, as can be generated by contamination, the threshold value is shifted with the level of the output pulse. If the output pulse increases rapidly, as is produced by smoke produced by fire, the threshold value changes only insignificantly, and the flip-flop is triggered when a certain reception height is reached. The threshold detector with differential properties is thus able to correct the slow changes in the output pulse.
  • the combination of this threshold value detector with the radiation pulse controlled by the reference cell results in a smoke detector which does not change its sensitivity to smoke even when heavily soiled. In addition, the aging of the radiation source and the temperature dependence are corrected.
  • the regulation of the radiation source can also be used as follows to trigger an interference signal:
  • the smoke detector retains an unchanged sensitivity to smoke. As soon as this circuit reaches the limits of the possibility of regulation, this can be detected and an interference signal can be triggered.
  • Such a detector thus triggers an interference signal as long as it still has hardly any change in smoke sensitivity, but would soon become insensitive to further contamination or aging of the radiation source.
  • Fig. 1 the structure of a smoke detector according to the invention is shown in section.
  • the radiation source 1 emits radiation in a conical shape into the enclosed space of the detector.
  • a central aperture 50 keeps direct radiation away from the radiation receiver 16.
  • the reference cell 12 is positioned in the radiation cone. This arrangement ensures that radiation receiver 16 and reference cell 12 become equally dirty. In particular, dust deposits mainly on the radiation source 1 and thus influences the reference and scattered light signals equally.
  • a radiation transmitter S In the circuit of an embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention shown in FIG. 2, a radiation transmitter S, a radiation detector A, a correlator C, a threshold value detector N, an integrator t, an alarm flip-flop K and lie between two lines L and L 2 carrying direct voltage a monitoring circuit with flip-flop U.
  • the radiation transmitter S consists of an oscillator that conducts a current of approximately one ampere through the radiation source 1 at a time interval of approximately two seconds.
  • the radiation source 1 consists of a light or IR radiation emitting diode.
  • the oscillator consists of the power transistor 2 with associated limiting resistor 3, from the drive circuit consisting of transistor 4 with associated limiting resistor 5, and from the feedback element consisting of resistor 7 and capacitor 6.
  • the large capacitor 10 supplies the current pulse for the radiation source 1; it is charged via resistor 11.
  • the current pulse is triggered when the resistors 8 and 9 at the base of the transistor 4 supply the voltage which makes it conductive.
  • the current through the light-emitting diode is regulated via the reference cell (phototransistor 12) with measuring resistor 13 and feedback resistor 14. As soon as the voltage across the resistor 13 is high enough, the transistor 15 becomes somewhat conductive and thus reduces the base current of the power transistor 2.
  • a photo cell can also be used instead of a photo transistor.
  • the radiation detector A consists of the radiation receiver 16 designed as a photocell and the two-stage amplifier consisting of the transistors 17 and 18, the collector resistors 22 and 23, the emitter resistor 20 with a parallel capacitor 21 for higher pulse amplification and the feedback resistor 19. Via resistor 24 and capacitor 25 the blocking pulse is generated from the oscillator. A negative blocking pulse thus appears at the collector of transistor 18 above the coupling capacitor 26, to which the amplified output pulse is added in the positive direction.
  • a phototransistor can also be used as the radiation receiver 16: this would simultaneously replace the transistor 17.
  • a self-conducting P-channel junction field-effect transistor 27 is used as the correlator C, the gate of which is normally low, which makes it conductive and thus any possible interference pulse is short-circuited.
  • the gate is high only during the pulse and the JFET 27 blocks and thus allows the output pulse and blocking pulse to pass.
  • the threshold detector N consists of the self-conducting N-channel junction field-effect transistor 28 and the holding stage with capacitor 29 and the high-resistance resistor 30. With each pulse, the FET 28 is made conductive by the negative blocking pulse. This generates a reset pulse via transistor 31 with base resistor 32. At the same time, the capacitor 29 is charged via the forward diode gate-source of the FET 28. As long as the pulse height remains unchanged, the capacitor 29 remains essentially at the same potential.
  • the integration stage I consists of a counter 33 (eg 4024), which receives counting pulses from the oscillator with each radiation pulse. As long as reset pulses are generated, it is also reset to 0 for each pulse. If there are no reset pulses, the output Q " goes high after 2 n - 1 pulses.
  • a counter 33 eg 4024
  • the flip-flop K consists of the thyristor 34, which is driven by the output Q of the counter.
  • the Zener diode 35 generates a voltage (e.g. 6 V) to distinguish the alarm condition from the fault condition.
  • the monitoring circuit U consists of the voltage divider with resistors 37 and 38 and the thyristor 36.
  • the resistor 3 measures the current through the radiation source 1. As soon as this becomes too high as a result of contamination or aging of the radiation source 1, the thyristor 36 is activated and a malfunction is thus indicated .
  • the circuit shown is only an example. Parts can also be omitted, e.g. Monitoring circuit U or the correlator C.
  • the various elements can also be designed differently, e.g. the threshold value detector can also be differentiated digitally using a counter and a digital / analog converter, as is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the pulse signal is added to the voltage at the voltage divider formed from the resistors 40 and 41 and fed to the negative input of the comparators 45 and 46. These receive voltages on their positive input, which are generated by resistors 42, 43 and 44.
  • the count pulse which is inverted with the element 49, generates a state of the counter 47 which is 1 higher or lower (for example 14516).
  • the state of the counter 47 generates the DC input voltage via the resistors 41 and 40 via the parallel digital / analog converter 48. This circuit ensures that in the idle state the pulse voltage at the negative input oscillates just around the voltage at the positive input of the comparator 46.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Détecteur de fumée comportant une source de rayonnement (1), un récepteur de rayonnement (16) qui est disposé en dehors de la zone du rayonnement direct de la source de rayonnement (1), qui, en présence de fumée dans la zone du rayonnement, est chargé par un rayonnement diffus et émet des signaux de sortie, une cellule de référence (12) qui est disposée dans la trajectoire directe du rayonnement de la source de rayonnement (1), près du récepteur du rayonnement (16), et commande le rayonnement issu de la source de rayonnement (1 ainsi qu'un circuit d'évaluation pourvu d'un récepteur de rayonnement (A) et d'un détecteur de valeur de seuil (N) qui transmet un signal à un étage à bascule pour émettre un signal d'alarme dans le cas où le niveau des signaux de sortie dépasse une valeur de seuil prédéterminée, caractérisé par le fait que la source de rayonnement (1) fonctionne de façon impulsionnelle et que dans le détecteur de valeur de seuil (N) sont prévus des éléments de commutation (28, 29, 30) qui, dans le cas d'une lente modification du niveau des impulsions de sortie de la cellule de référence (12), adaptent la valeur de seuil avec une constante de temps de plus d'une minute au niveau des impulsions de sortie.
2. Détecteur de fumée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le détecteur de fumée comporte un boîtier cylindrique qui est fixé par son côté supérieur au plafond du local à surveiller, que la source de rayonnement (1) est disposée axialement sur le côté inférieur du cylindre, que le récepteur du rayonnement (16) est disposé dans l'axe du cylindre, au-dessus de la source de rayonnement et la cellule de référence (12) est disposée, hors de l'axe du cylindre, au-dessus de la source de rayonnement (1).
3. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que la cellule de référence (12) est un phototransistor ou une photodiode.
4. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que le détecteur de fumée comporte des moyens qui, à chaque impulsion, reglent le courant de la source de rayonnement (1) de manière que la cellule de référence produise un signal prédéterminé.
5. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que le détecteur de fumée comporte des moyens qui, à chaque impulsion, règlent le courant de la source de rayonnement (1) à un niveau déterminé, ce niveau étant lentement ajusté par la cellule de référence (12).
6. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le detecteur de fumée comporte un condensateur (29) qui est chargé, par une impulsion de réception, à un potentiel déterminé, et que d'autres moyens (28) sont prévus qui maintiennent la valeur de seuil, au dépassement de la quelle un signal est transmis, à une tension invariable par rapport au potentiel au niveau du condensateur (29).
7. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des
revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que des moyens (24, 25) sont prévus qui produisent une impulsion de blocage, que d'autres moyens (N) sont prévus qui produisent un signal de remise à l'état initial lorsqu'on passe en-dessous de la valeur de la différence entre impulsion de blocage et impulsion de réception, ledit signal ramenant dans son état de départ l'intégrateur (1) monté en aval.
8. Détecteur de fumée selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen (28) de poursuite lente pour la détection de la valeur de seuil est constitué par un transistor à effet de champ et à barrière de charge d'espace (28), avec un condensateur d'arrêt (29) sur la grille, la charge du condensateur (29) ayant lieu par l'intermédiaire de la diode formée par la grille et la source.
9. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 et 7, caractérisé par le fait que le moyen pour la poursuite lente de la valeur de seuil est constitué par un compteur progressif/dégressif (47) et par un convertisseur numérique/analogique (48).
10. Détecteur de fumée selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un comparateur qui commande le compteur progressif/dégressif (47) dans le sens progressif ou dégressif et que le convertisseur numérique/analogique (48), qui est commandé par le compteur (47), commande la tension continue à laquelle est additionnée l'impulsion de réception.
11. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé par le fait qu'un compteur (33) est monté en aval, lequel compteur attaque un étage à bascule (K), après un nombre prédéterminé d'impulsions de réception de fumée, au delà da la valeur de seuil.
12. Détecteur de fumée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que des moyens (U) sont prévus, qui mesurent le courant passant par la source de rayonnement (1) et qui, lors du dépassement de ce courant au-delà d'une valeur de seuil prédéterminée, émettent un signal de dérangement.
13. Détecteur de fumée selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un thyristor (36) qui est déclenché lors de la présence d'un signal de dérangement.
14. Détecteur de fumée selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un oscillateur qui déclenche un signal de dérangement, lequel oscillateur court-circuite dans un intervalle de temps de 20 à 200 secondes, les conducteurs L1 et L2 pour une durée de 0,5 à 10 secondes.
EP82110013A 1981-11-11 1982-10-29 Détecteur de fumée Expired EP0079010B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82110013T ATE20398T1 (de) 1981-11-11 1982-10-29 Rauchdetektor.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH7248/81 1981-11-11
CH724881A CH655396B (fr) 1981-11-11 1981-11-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079010A1 EP0079010A1 (fr) 1983-05-18
EP0079010B1 true EP0079010B1 (fr) 1986-06-11

Family

ID=4322161

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82110013A Expired EP0079010B1 (fr) 1981-11-11 1982-10-29 Détecteur de fumée

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US4555634A (fr)
EP (1) EP0079010B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5888641A (fr)
AT (1) ATE20398T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU556838B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8206536A (fr)
CA (1) CA1208334A (fr)
CH (1) CH655396B (fr)
DE (1) DE3271683D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK502382A (fr)
ES (1) ES517587A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI823837L (fr)
IL (1) IL67158A0 (fr)
NO (1) NO156149C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ202365A (fr)
YU (1) YU252382A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA828097B (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59187246A (ja) * 1983-04-08 1984-10-24 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd 光電式煙感知器の機能検査装置
US4823015A (en) * 1985-05-08 1989-04-18 Adt, Inc. Electrical interference free projected beam smoke detector
DE3831654A1 (de) * 1988-09-17 1990-03-22 Hartwig Beyersdorf Optischer rauchmelder
JPH02112096A (ja) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-24 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Ｉｃ化された感知器
GB8913773D0 (en) * 1989-06-15 1989-08-02 Fire Fighting Enterprises Uk L Particle detectors
AU652513B2 (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-08-25 Nohmi Bosai Ltd Smoke detecting apparatus for fire alarm
CH685410A5 (de) * 1993-02-15 1995-06-30 Cerberus Ag Vorrichtung zur Funktionsprüfung von Rauchmeldern.
US5929981A (en) * 1996-06-18 1999-07-27 Ohmeda Inc. System for monitoring contamination of optical elements in a Raman gas analyzer
US6503893B2 (en) 1996-12-30 2003-01-07 Bone Care International, Inc. Method of treating hyperproliferative diseases using active vitamin D analogues

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH566059A5 (fr) * 1972-03-07 1975-08-29 Protecbat La Detection Electro
CH546989A (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-03-15 Cerberus Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brandmeldung.
US4011458A (en) * 1975-10-09 1977-03-08 Pyrotector, Incorporated Photoelectric detector with light source intensity regulation
US4206456A (en) * 1975-06-23 1980-06-03 Chloride Incorporated Smoke detector
US4242673A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-12-30 American District Telegraph Company Optical particle detector
US4180742A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-12-25 Chloride Incorporated Detector with supervisory signal from monitor cell
CH638331A5 (de) * 1979-02-22 1983-09-15 Cerberus Ag Rauchdetektor.
DE2907173A1 (de) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-04 Hekatron Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung fuer einen optischen rauchgasanzeiger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH655396B (fr) 1986-04-15
FI823837L (fi) 1983-05-12
DK502382A (da) 1983-05-12
EP0079010A1 (fr) 1983-05-18
NO823753L (no) 1983-05-13
NO156149B (no) 1987-04-21
ES8401656A1 (es) 1983-12-16
ATE20398T1 (de) 1986-06-15
BR8206536A (pt) 1983-09-27
AU556838B2 (en) 1986-11-20
DE3271683D1 (en) 1986-07-17
IL67158A0 (en) 1983-03-31
YU252382A (en) 1985-10-31
CA1208334A (fr) 1986-07-22
ZA828097B (en) 1983-09-28
AU9017682A (en) 1983-05-19
ES517587A0 (es) 1983-12-16
US4555634A (en) 1985-11-26
JPS5888641A (ja) 1983-05-26
FI823837A0 (fi) 1982-11-09
NO156149C (no) 1987-08-05
NZ202365A (en) 1985-09-13

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