EP0074293A1 - Verpackung mit Klebelaschen - Google Patents

Verpackung mit Klebelaschen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0074293A1
EP0074293A1 EP82401499A EP82401499A EP0074293A1 EP 0074293 A1 EP0074293 A1 EP 0074293A1 EP 82401499 A EP82401499 A EP 82401499A EP 82401499 A EP82401499 A EP 82401499A EP 0074293 A1 EP0074293 A1 EP 0074293A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packaging
strip
tabs
folded
faces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82401499A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0074293B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Chevalier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9262060&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0074293(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0074293A1 publication Critical patent/EP0074293A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0074293B1 publication Critical patent/EP0074293B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/04—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks
    • B65D75/14—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks folded-up around all sides of the contents from a portion on which the contents are placed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
    • B65D5/0245—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end closures formed by inward folding of flaps, to form a sunken or hollow end wall, e.g. for the packaging of books

Definitions

  • This closure is generally obtained by folding down by folding elements such as walls or shutters and then by gluing these elements using an adhesive tape of any known type.
  • the present invention aims to simplify and rationalize the operation of closing packages for this type of packaging. It can also be used as a conditioning phase in automatic mechanized installations.
  • a packaging according to the invention in particular made of cardboard, is of the type comprising a base band to be folded to wrap objects to be packaged, characterized in that it comprises two symmetrical lateral tabs which have a length such that after folding of the strip, their ends can be applied against the large face of the packaging which is opposite to that which is integral with the legs, whatever the height of any side faces, a strip of adhesive being provided at least on the legs and preferably over the entire length which extends from one end of one leg to the end of the other.
  • FIG. 1 we see a known type of packaging which is composed of a strip of corrugated cardboard forming base 1 on which are folded two flaps 2 and 3 and reinforcements respectively 4-5 and 6-7 located on either side of components 2 and 3.
  • the shutters 2 and 3 are kept applied against the base plate 1 to a line respectively 8 and 9, in particular by gluing or stapling.
  • the lines 8 and 9 are at a distance x as is particularly visible in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • two legs 12 and 13 are obtained at the same time as the reinforcements 6 and 7 and are folded with them while being separated from them by two slots respectively 14 and 15 interrupted to constitute bridges 16 and 17 thanks to which the tabs 12 and 13 remain suitably applied inside the contour of the strip 1, like the rein-. strong 6 and 7, which allows safe handling.
  • flaps 2 and 3 are straightened along lines 8 and 9, then objects are placed directly on the strip 1, then the free ends of the flaps 2 and 3 are folded over the top of the stacked objects using, for this, any one of premarked fold lines 2a or 3a, as is known per se .
  • the wedges are formed by folding the tabs 18 and 19 and straightening the end of the legs 12 and 13 by breaking the bridges 16 and 17 which are of sufficiently small dimensions to break without effort.
  • the end 1a and the tabs 12 and 13 have been previously provided with an adhesive strip 26 which preferably extends continuously from the end of the tab 12 to the end of the tab. 13 or on legs 12 and 13 only.
  • the tabs 12 and 13 are folded laterally, outside the contour of the strip 1, so that they pass in front of the recessed faces 2 and 3 of the packaging and stick to the large face of the package which is opposite to that which is formed by superposition of the ends la and 1b.
  • the constitution of the packaging itself is not changed in any way and on the other hand its closing is very easy since the strip 26 can easily be obtained with an effective and easy-to-use adhesive .
  • FIG. 3 represents the embodiment according to which tongues 18 and 19 are provided to constitute shims.
  • the dimensions and the arrangements of the various elements constituting the packaging are established so that the tabs 12 and 13 on the one hand and the tongues 18 and 19 on the other hand, are symmetrical with respect to an imaginary line transverse median y of the strip 1, so that after constitution of the packaging, the tabs 12 and 13 folded over the recessed lateral faces are, at least partially, opposite the wedges 18 and 19.
  • the wedges can in no case be accidentally dissociated, during transport, by extraction of the legs 22 and 23 out of the slots 24 and 25 since the legs 12 or 13 are located opposite the wedges.
  • the legs 12 and 13 tend to press the shims against the straightened part of the flaps and, consequently, against the packaged objects A which are thus found to be suitably immobilized laterally.
  • a package of this type may also not have a shim, that is to say be deprived of the tongues 18 and 19.
  • a packaging of this type is therefore simpler and lighter, in particular because it only has a simple thickness of cardboard to constitute the strip 1 instead of having a thickness doubled by the presence of reinforcements 4, 5, 6 and 7.
  • Such packaging is correspondingly more fragile but more economical.
  • lateral shims When adopting the variant according to which lateral shims are used, provision can be made for them to have a substantially triangular or trapezoidal section as shown in FIG. 3 or, preferably, a rectangular section thanks to which the shim has a outer edge no longer inclined as shown in Figure 3 but vertical so that the legs 12 and 13 can be applied over the entire length of the outer face of the wedge.
  • An effect comparable to that obtained with the pinching shown in FIG. 4 is thus obtained since, by energetically applying the tabs 12 and 13, there is a tendency to laterally block the objects to be packaged A.
  • the tongues 18 and 19 do not exist but, on the other hand, there are four notches 30, 31, 32 and 33 provided on the longitudinal edges 10 and 11 at a depth Z.
  • a package of this type produced in a manner known per se, can only be closed by means of an attached link, whether it is an adhesive tape, an elastic ring or a knotted string.
  • such a link is placed in the longitudinal direction relative to the axis of the strip 1, that is to say transversely to the ends 1a and 1b when the packaging is finished.
  • the notches 30 to 33 are provided in such a way that the tabs 12 and 13 are also placed in the notches passing in front of the recessed side faces as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the slots 14 and 15 parallel to the end of the reinforcements 6 and 7 are extended in the strip 1 proper by a distance Z equal to the depth Z of the notches, so that the tabs 12 and 13 can be folded back against the bottom of said notches 30 to 33.
  • the invention applies to simple envelopes devoid of lateral faces and not only to the examples used here.
  • a package according to the invention has a height adjustable according to the thickness of the object to be packaged. If it is very flat (a single sheet, for example, which you want to protect against accidental folding), it does not really have side faces. If, on the contrary, the object is thick: one or more books, several magazines, a box of records, etc., the flaps 2 and 3 are folded to have the desired height. They then constitute true lateral faces, adjacent to the two large faces (upper and lower).
  • the location of the collage therefore varies from one package to another depending on what they contain.
  • the two parallel planes formed by these two large opposite faces are made integral by crossing the lateral faces, whatever their height, while ensuring bonding in all cases, by means of the strip of adhesive. 26 protected, before use, by a removable tape.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
EP82401499A 1981-09-11 1982-08-06 Verpackung mit Klebelaschen Expired EP0074293B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8117200 1981-09-11
FR8117200A FR2512783A1 (fr) 1981-09-11 1981-09-11 Emballage muni de pattes adhesives

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0074293A1 true EP0074293A1 (de) 1983-03-16
EP0074293B1 EP0074293B1 (de) 1984-12-12

Family

ID=9262060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82401499A Expired EP0074293B1 (de) 1981-09-11 1982-08-06 Verpackung mit Klebelaschen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4823954A (de)
EP (1) EP0074293B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE10726T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1214141A (de)
DE (1) DE3261550D1 (de)
ES (1) ES275401Y (de)
FR (1) FR2512783A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2585001A1 (fr) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-23 Nicollet Hugues Sa Emballage a rabats de calage modulables en hauteur, en carton, carton ondule ou autre materiau en feuille convenablement decoupe et plie, et flan correspondant
EP0393298A1 (de) * 1989-04-21 1990-10-24 OFFICINE MECCANICHE NATALINO CORAZZA S.p.A. Schachtel mit Einrichtungen, die die Entnahme ihres Inhaltes anzeigen
FR2688199A1 (fr) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-10 Chevalier Pierre Contenant comprenant une bande en carton ondule devant etre pliee transversalement selon des lignes nettes autour d'un contenu.

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5088601A (en) * 1991-08-05 1992-02-18 At&T Bell Laboratories Circuit board shipping carton
US20070135283A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Kari David F Insert for Protecting a Product within a Box
GB2593923B (en) * 2020-04-09 2022-06-29 Packaging One Ltd Wrap around container

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB656401A (en) * 1947-11-17 1951-08-22 Neville Brooke Improvements in and relating to collapsible containers or cartons
US3368735A (en) * 1966-09-06 1968-02-13 Hans L. Levi Five panel folder with cushion ends
US3455499A (en) * 1967-01-13 1969-07-15 Packaging Corp America Adjustable container
FR2025216A1 (de) * 1968-12-04 1970-09-04 Rohrbach Bernd
FR2029495A1 (de) * 1969-01-27 1970-10-23 Stauss Oscar
FR2123215A6 (de) * 1971-01-29 1972-09-08 Emballage Carton
FR2415048A1 (fr) * 1978-01-20 1979-08-17 Emballage Carton Sa Emballage preconforme a mise en volume rapide autour d'un objet a emballer

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR706672A (fr) * 1930-11-28 1931-06-27 Perfectionnements dans les boîtes en carton
US2553923A (en) * 1948-09-11 1951-05-22 Ralph E Lambert Wrapping paper comprising single face corrugated board and integral fly webs
US2783933A (en) * 1956-06-15 1957-03-05 Eddy Paper Corp Containers having flap hold-down means
US2978163A (en) * 1958-04-16 1961-04-04 American Box Board Co Clearance pad
US3064875A (en) * 1960-04-12 1962-11-20 Waldorf Paper Prod Co Shipping containers for books
US3119542A (en) * 1961-01-23 1964-01-28 Pomerantz Raymond Corrugated shipping container liner
US3297341A (en) * 1964-08-19 1967-01-10 Reed Stanley Foster Book protector
CH475139A (de) * 1965-11-26 1969-07-15 Achermann W Verpackungsschachtel
US3512823A (en) * 1968-05-06 1970-05-19 Container Corp Collapsible container
FR2082000A5 (de) * 1969-12-05 1971-12-10 Emballage Carton
US3666168A (en) * 1970-06-29 1972-05-30 Stone Container Corp Paperboard cushioning cell construction
US3664573A (en) * 1970-10-20 1972-05-23 Stone Container Corp Mailing container with cushioning cell construction
US3720366A (en) * 1971-02-16 1973-03-13 Hoerner Waldorf Corp Book folder
FR2161351A5 (de) * 1971-11-23 1973-07-06 Emballage Carton
US3722668A (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-03-27 Container Corp Cushioned shipping folder
FR2311729A2 (fr) * 1975-05-20 1976-12-17 Emballage Carton Emballage pour livres
US4090608A (en) * 1977-04-26 1978-05-23 Mccall Richard J Mailing carton with cover for books
US4114757A (en) * 1977-10-11 1978-09-19 Champion International Corporation Book carton
US4265393A (en) * 1979-10-10 1981-05-05 Orco Sales Co. Inc. Box construction
US4300679A (en) * 1980-08-27 1981-11-17 Container Corporation Of America Self locking folder

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB656401A (en) * 1947-11-17 1951-08-22 Neville Brooke Improvements in and relating to collapsible containers or cartons
US3368735A (en) * 1966-09-06 1968-02-13 Hans L. Levi Five panel folder with cushion ends
US3455499A (en) * 1967-01-13 1969-07-15 Packaging Corp America Adjustable container
FR2025216A1 (de) * 1968-12-04 1970-09-04 Rohrbach Bernd
FR2029495A1 (de) * 1969-01-27 1970-10-23 Stauss Oscar
FR2123215A6 (de) * 1971-01-29 1972-09-08 Emballage Carton
FR2415048A1 (fr) * 1978-01-20 1979-08-17 Emballage Carton Sa Emballage preconforme a mise en volume rapide autour d'un objet a emballer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2585001A1 (fr) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-23 Nicollet Hugues Sa Emballage a rabats de calage modulables en hauteur, en carton, carton ondule ou autre materiau en feuille convenablement decoupe et plie, et flan correspondant
EP0393298A1 (de) * 1989-04-21 1990-10-24 OFFICINE MECCANICHE NATALINO CORAZZA S.p.A. Schachtel mit Einrichtungen, die die Entnahme ihres Inhaltes anzeigen
FR2688199A1 (fr) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-10 Chevalier Pierre Contenant comprenant une bande en carton ondule devant etre pliee transversalement selon des lignes nettes autour d'un contenu.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3261550D1 (en) 1985-01-24
ES275401U (es) 1984-08-01
US4823954A (en) 1989-04-25
ES275401Y (es) 1985-03-16
FR2512783A1 (fr) 1983-03-18
EP0074293B1 (de) 1984-12-12
CA1214141A (fr) 1986-11-18
FR2512783B1 (de) 1984-10-19
ATE10726T1 (de) 1984-12-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1237102A (fr) Emballage comprenant une bande et des volets lateraux
EP0846070B1 (de) Flach gelieferter, in zwei getrennten schritten aufzufaltender zuschnitt mit langwirkendem klebstoff zum bilden eines behälters
CH394033A (fr) Emballage de carton
FR2698040A1 (fr) Procédé pour fabriquer des sacs en papier.
CA1214141A (fr) Emballage muni de pattes adhesives
EP3046846B1 (de) Zuschnitt von blattmaterial mit zentrierenden laschen, schachtel und verfahren zur implementierung solch eines zuschnitts
FR2562514A1 (fr) Emballage-presentoir pour verres et articles similaires
CH648523A5 (fr) Enveloppe en carton ondule pour la protection du fut d'une bouteille.
FR2577518A1 (fr) Decoupe de matiere d'emballage en carton, ou produit similaire, pour emballage multiple
FR2641256A1 (fr) Contenant a volets rabattables formes a partir d'une partie originairement situee lateralement a une bande de carton
CA1318266C (fr) Emballage composite a fond du type barquette associee a une coiffe et a un lien interne de ceinturage lache
FR2788748A1 (fr) Contenant en carton obtenu par pliage d'une bande, destine a des objets de hauteur variable et ayant des moyens de maintien en position intermediaire entre la presentation a plat et la fermeture
FR2800359A1 (fr) Flan en carton comprenant des volets lateraux et destine a l'obtention d'un contenant pour des objets de hauteur variable, et ayant des moyens de maintien en position intermediaire entre la presentation a plat et la fermeture
EP2829486B1 (de) Verpackung, die ein Element aus halbsteifem Material und eine Wärmeschrumpffolie umfasst, Zuschnitt und Herstellungsverfahren
FR3003239A3 (fr) Emballage pour fruits ou legumes
WO2005056405A1 (fr) Sachet d’emballage, notamment pour couches de bebes, procede et machine de fabrication
FR2488570A1 (fr) Caisse en carton gerbable
WO1993017931A1 (fr) Boite pliable a enveloppe souple interne a bec verseur refermable
WO1991018803A1 (fr) Caisse en carton du type a enroulement autour d'objets a emballer
FR2637258A1 (fr) Emballages en carton ondule ou compact, a hauteur variable, a decoupe en croix, munis de dispositifs speciaux pour assurer la fermeture
EP3144238A1 (de) Verpackung und zuschnitt für eine verpackung mit einer verbesserten öffnungsvorrichtung
BE631283A (de)
FR2605595A1 (fr) Emballage en carton de conditionnement et de presentation d'un objet tel qu'un produit alimentaire ou un article fragile
FR2662147A1 (fr) Boite a fromage.
FR2746766A1 (fr) Contenant obtenu en volume par redressement de parties articulees d'un flan livre a plat et possedant de l'adhesif a effet prolonge

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19830103

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL SE

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 10726

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19841215

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3261550

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850124

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19930819

Year of fee payment: 12

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19940806

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19940826

Year of fee payment: 13

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 82401499.7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19950807

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19950810

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19951031

Year of fee payment: 14

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 82401499.7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19960806

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19970501

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19980824

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19980828

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990831

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: CHEVALIER PIERRE

Effective date: 19990831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000301

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20000301

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010810

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20011106

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20020805

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20020805

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20020805

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Effective date: 20020805

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL