EP0064191B1 - Verbundwerkstoff für elektrische Kontakte und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Verbundwerkstoff für elektrische Kontakte und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064191B1
EP0064191B1 EP82103195A EP82103195A EP0064191B1 EP 0064191 B1 EP0064191 B1 EP 0064191B1 EP 82103195 A EP82103195 A EP 82103195A EP 82103195 A EP82103195 A EP 82103195A EP 0064191 B1 EP0064191 B1 EP 0064191B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound material
atom
alloy
copper
germanium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82103195A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0064191A1 (de
Inventor
Manfred Dr. Wilhelm
Günther Dipl.-Ing. Rauter
Ludwig Dr. Schultz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0064191A1 publication Critical patent/EP0064191A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0064191B1 publication Critical patent/EP0064191B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite material for electrical contacts made of at least two components that are not dissolved in one another, one of the components being a copper alloy to which at least one active component is added, in particular for low-voltage and installation switching devices.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing this composite material.
  • Composites for electrical contacts must contain electrically and thermally conductive parts to prevent excessive heating. Your mechanical properties such as B. hardness, strength or elastic behavior are to be optimally adapted to the respective application. In addition, the susceptibility to corrosive media should be low. In general, tarnish and scale layers and thus high contact resistances can only be avoided on relatively noble materials. Furthermore, the composite materials must not stick or weld when switching, and their burn-up and material migration should be low.
  • No other contact material achieves the high electrical and thermal conductivity of the copper, combined with favorable mechanical properties, affordable costs and generally good procurement options. Because of its less noble character compared to silver, especially its willingness to oxidize, this material in its pure form, however, often cannot be used to manufacture contact pieces, especially for low-voltage switchgear and installation switching devices such as. B. for contactors, auxiliary contactors, circuit breakers or circuit breakers. Although alloying certain elements to this material, the material properties such. B. improve the oxidation behavior.
  • known contacts made of copper alloys or of composite materials with such alloys, inexpensive elements being alloyed with the copper generally have a relatively high contact resistance after only a few circuits, so that they are usually not suitable for low-voltage switching devices or installation switching devices.
  • a corresponding contact element made of a composite material is known, the matrix of which consists of a copper alloy, the inclusions of e.g. B. contains tin oxide or graphite. Palladium is intended as the alloying partner for copper.
  • this precious metal which is to be used, for example, in a proportion by weight of between 8 and 50% of the alloy, is so expensive that a replacement of silver or silver alloys is not an option with the known copper alloy for reasons of cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a composite material with a copper alloy which, on the one hand, has at least approximately similar contact properties to the known silver-based composite materials used for contacts of low-voltage or installation switching devices and, on the other hand, is less expensive than these known materials.
  • the composite material should show lower scale rates compared to pure copper composite materials and at the same time have a relatively low contact resistance.
  • the alloy component of the copper is at least one element from the group of antimony, gallium and germanium, the antimony content of the alloy being between 0.01 and 7 atom% or the corresponding gallium content is between 0.5 and 20 atom% or the corresponding germanium content is between 0.5 and 10 atom%.
  • the copper alloy components mentioned have a finite solubility in solid copper.
  • the component of the composite material which is not dissolved in these copper alloys is generally known materials, the usual mixing ratios of these materials having to be provided with the component of the copper alloy (cf. e.g. the book by D. Stöckel et al., In particular pages 35) and 109 to 113).
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are to be seen in particular in that, by alloying the elements mentioned with the copper, on the one hand the corrosion resistance of the composite material compared to the pure copper composite material is increased and on the other hand contacts made of composite materials with these copper alloys in switching tests are tolerable for the intended application Show contact resistance. Since the alloys mentioned are generally less expensive than the silver-based materials used in composite materials, they can therefore be used partially serve as a substitute for these silver-based materials.
  • its copper alloy can also contain at least one further alloy component.
  • This component is then one or more elements from the group of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, palladium or silicon.
  • the cadmium content is between 0.1 and 2 atom% or the chromium content between 0.01 and 0.8 atom% or the cobalt content between 0.1 and 1.8 atom% or to choose the palladium content between 0.1 and 3 atom% or the silicon content between 0.5 and 10 atom%.
  • the proportion of these further components of the alloy should at most be equal to the proportion of antimony or gallium or germanium in the alloy.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show frequency curves of contact voltages. 1 to 3 are based on metallic alloys for composite materials according to the invention, while in FIG. 4 exemplary embodiments of such composite materials are assumed.
  • the copper alloy as the first component of the composite materials according to the invention must be corrosion-resistant and lead to a low contact resistance.
  • the second component also called the active component, is used primarily to increase the wear resistance and to reduce the erosion of the contacts.
  • the behavior of the first component is discussed in more detail below. For this purpose, information about the scale and corrosion behavior of some binary copper alloys to be used for composite materials according to the invention in comparison to pure copper can be found in a table.
  • Sheets were used to test the corrosion resistance of these materials. These sheets can be produced, for example, by melting the alloys mentioned using chemically pure starting materials under argon as protective gas in a graphite crucible and annealing them at temperatures between 600 ° C. and 950 ° C. to avoid increases.
  • the homogeneous bodies obtained in this way Alloys can be processed into sheet metal using conventional forming processes such as rolling or hammering.
  • the weight increase ⁇ m of the individual materials measured in micrograms per square centimeter in the table, can be obtained after oxidation in air after a 24-hour heat treatment at 250 ° C.
  • the contact resistance of contact pieces which are made from materials according to the invention can be estimated.
  • the predetermined copper alloys contained in these materials largely determine the contact resistance of these materials.
  • the embodiment according to the curves in the diagram of the figure is therefore based on a contactor with contacts which are only made from the pure matrix material from some of the predetermined copper alloys.
  • This diagram shows the contact voltage U k in millivolts (mV) on the abscissa, while the ordinate shows the cumulative frequency W of the contact voltages measured at the respective contactor contact according to the so-called Weibull statistics. These contact voltages are measured after approximately 2000 switching operations of the contactor under an average load of 45 A at 110 V AC voltage under an ohmic load.
  • the frequency curves of contact voltages on contacts which are produced from copper alloys to be provided for composite materials according to the invention.
  • Three copper alloys are selected as the exemplary embodiment, the proportion of alloy in antimony or gallium or germanium in each case being approximately between 1.75 and 7 atom%.
  • a curve labeled 11 is entered in the figure, which indicates the frequency of the contact voltages on contacts made of pure copper.
  • the frequency curve labeled 111 results for contacts made of a common composite material based on silver, here for Sil cadmium oxide with a cadmium oxide content of 15% by volume. It can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 1 that the contact voltages of the alloys to be provided for materials according to the invention correspond at least approximately to the contact voltages of previously used silver-based materials.
  • contact voltages are indicated in a diagram, which are to be measured on contacts made of binary copper-germanium alloys with different germanium concentrations.
  • the germanium concentration in atomic% is plotted on the abscissa and the contact voltage U k in mV on the ordinate for a frequency of 50%.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the figure is based on contact voltages on contacts at 45 A and 110 V AC under ohmic load after 2000 switching of the contacts.
  • the contact voltages and thus the contact resistances are particularly low, in particular at germanium concentrations between 3 and 7 atom%, preferably around 5 atom%. Part of the germanium can be replaced by cobalt.
  • composite materials can be produced in a known manner.
  • the materials which are generally known in the field of composite materials for electrical contacts from the switching devices mentioned can be provided as active components. These active components are to be introduced into the metallic matrix of the composite material in the usual mixing ratios.
  • oxidic substances such as beryllium oxide (BeO), cadmium oxide (CdO), molybdenum oxide (Mo03), lithium oxide (Li 2 0), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 0 3 ), Zinc oxide (ZnO) or tin oxide (Sn0 2 ) or carbon or graphite or refractory metals such as.
  • BeO beryllium oxide
  • CdO cadmium oxide
  • Mo03 molybdenum oxide
  • Li 2 0 lithium oxide
  • Bi 2 0 3 bismuth oxide
  • Zinc oxide (ZnO) or tin oxide (Sn0 2 ) or carbon or graphite or refractory metals such as.
  • B. molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, Va nadium or carbides such as B. tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC) or tungsten titanium carbide [(W, Ti) C]
  • the composite materials mentioned according to the invention can, for. B. create on a powder metallurgical basis by single press technology or extrusion. A powder mixture of the individual elements of the alloy and the active component can be assumed here. However, it is also possible to first produce a powder of the alloy and then mix it with the powder of the active component. Composite materials with refractory metals or carbides can also be produced using the known sintering technique.
  • Some of the composite materials according to the invention composed of the copper alloys and the active components mentioned are based on the diagram in FIG. 4.
  • the following three composite materials were selected as exemplary embodiments: Cu-5 atomic% Ge-5% by volume Mo; Cu-5 atom-Wo Ge-5 vol .-% Zn0 and Cu-1.5 atomic% Ge-5 wt .-% C.
  • the molybdenum additive and the zinc oxide additive guarantee a high erosion resistance with at the same time favorable welding behavior, while contacts with carbon or graphite additives show particularly high weld strength.
  • the curves in the diagram can be used to make statements about the contact resistance of contact pieces made from these materials.
  • the abscissa shows the contact voltage U k to be measured on the contactor contact in mV, while the ordinate shows the cumulative frequency W of these contact voltages.
  • an average load of the contactor contacts of 45 A at 110 V AC voltage was assumed, the contacts being switched about 2000 times under an ohmic load.
  • the frequency curves of the contact voltages of contacts made from the aforementioned composite materials according to the invention lie in the region of the diagram of FIG. 4 designated by A.
  • a curve labeled B is entered in the diagram, which indicates the frequency of the contact voltages of pure copper contacts.
  • the frequency curve denoted by C results for a common contact material based on silver, here for silver-cadmium oxide with a cadmium oxide content of 15% by volume.
  • the contact voltages of the materials according to the invention approximately correspond to the contact voltages of previously used silver-based materials. It is therefore possible to replace more expensive silver-based contact materials with the relatively inexpensive pre-bonded materials according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
EP82103195A 1981-04-27 1982-04-15 Verbundwerkstoff für elektrische Kontakte und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Expired EP0064191B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3116657 1981-04-27
DE19813116657 DE3116657A1 (de) 1981-04-27 1981-04-27 Verbundwerkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0064191A1 EP0064191A1 (de) 1982-11-10
EP0064191B1 true EP0064191B1 (de) 1985-07-10

Family

ID=6130903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82103195A Expired EP0064191B1 (de) 1981-04-27 1982-04-15 Verbundwerkstoff für elektrische Kontakte und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0064191B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS57181349A (da)
DE (2) DE3116657A1 (da)
DK (1) DK184482A (da)
ES (1) ES511704A0 (da)
FI (1) FI820843L (da)
GR (1) GR75431B (da)
NO (1) NO821253L (da)
PT (1) PT74798B (da)
ZA (1) ZA822857B (da)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4501941A (en) * 1982-10-26 1985-02-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Vacuum interrupter contact material
US4752334A (en) * 1983-12-13 1988-06-21 Scm Metal Products Inc. Dispersion strengthened metal composites
DE3430490A1 (de) * 1984-08-18 1986-02-27 Doduco KG Dr. Eugen Dürrwächter, 7530 Pforzheim Schaltkammer fuer ein elektrisches schaltgeraet, insbesondere zur verwendung in der niederspannungs-energietechnik
US4687515A (en) * 1986-04-10 1987-08-18 General Electric Company Vacuum interrupter contact
CN102306512A (zh) * 2011-06-27 2012-01-04 福达合金材料股份有限公司 一种低压电器用铜基触头材料
CN104117748B (zh) * 2014-08-19 2016-10-19 郑州机械研究所 一种高压输变电触头及其焊接方法
US10468205B2 (en) * 2016-12-13 2019-11-05 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electrical contact alloy for vacuum contactors
CN114427049B (zh) * 2022-01-12 2023-03-28 中国科学院金属研究所 一种Cu-TiCx复合材料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1084351A (da) *
FR833748A (fr) * 1938-02-14 1938-10-28 Procédé de fabrication d'un carbure aggloméré de grande dureté
US2186245A (en) * 1939-05-05 1940-01-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrical contact member
US2396101A (en) * 1942-10-23 1946-03-05 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electrical contact
FR1213453A (fr) * 1957-08-01 1960-04-01 Siemens Ag Matière de contact pour interrupteurs électriques
DE1126624B (de) * 1957-08-01 1962-03-29 Siemens Ag Gesinterter Einlagerungsverbundstoff fuer elektrische Kontakte
FR1392967A (fr) * 1964-04-28 1965-03-19 Morganite Carbon Ltd Contact électrique et matériau pour ce contact
DE1245481B (de) * 1964-09-19 1967-07-27 Schunk & Ebe Gmbh Metallkohlebuerste fuer elektrische Maschinen
FR1561985A (da) * 1966-12-19 1969-04-04
AT286423B (de) * 1969-01-27 1970-12-10 Plansee Metallwerk Elektrischer Kontakt
GB1376626A (en) * 1971-10-27 1974-12-11 Square D Co Electrical contact materials
JPS5614732B2 (da) * 1973-03-12 1981-04-06
FR2294527A1 (fr) * 1974-12-10 1976-07-09 Plessey Handel Investment Ag Materiau pour contacts electriques et son procede de preparation
US4279649A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-07-21 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation Electrical contact material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA822857B (en) 1983-03-30
PT74798B (de) 1983-11-07
EP0064191A1 (de) 1982-11-10
PT74798A (de) 1982-05-01
ES8307065A1 (es) 1983-06-16
NO821253L (no) 1982-10-28
FI820843L (fi) 1982-10-28
DK184482A (da) 1982-10-28
JPS57181349A (en) 1982-11-08
DE3116657A1 (de) 1983-01-27
ES511704A0 (es) 1983-06-16
DE3264643D1 (en) 1985-08-14
GR75431B (da) 1984-07-17

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