EP0059119A1 - Building element such as an isothermal wall made with a threedimensional reinforcement and process for making this wall - Google Patents

Building element such as an isothermal wall made with a threedimensional reinforcement and process for making this wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059119A1
EP0059119A1 EP82400135A EP82400135A EP0059119A1 EP 0059119 A1 EP0059119 A1 EP 0059119A1 EP 82400135 A EP82400135 A EP 82400135A EP 82400135 A EP82400135 A EP 82400135A EP 0059119 A1 EP0059119 A1 EP 0059119A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sinusoidal
straight lines
wall
row
parallel
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Granted
Application number
EP82400135A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0059119B1 (en
Inventor
Arsène G. Boisbluche
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Pour L'etude La Realisation Et L'industri Ste
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SAMBUCHI-BOISBLUCHE ET CIE
Pour L'etude La Realisation Et L'industrialisation Des Techniques Innovantes de la Construction - Seritic Sa Ste
Sambuchi Boisbluche & Cie
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Priority to AT82400135T priority Critical patent/ATE20766T1/en
Publication of EP0059119A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059119A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional metal frame designed for the production of isothermal building walls. It also relates to a building element produced using this framework, and more particularly to an isothermal exterior wall of a dwelling provided with an outside air space, as well as to a process for the construction of 'such a wall.
  • thermal stabilization of the walls that is to say their protection against thermal shocks resulting for example from a significant variation in temperature between summer and winter, has never been able to be controlled in a manner satisfactory.
  • the present Applicant has designed a three-dimensional metal framework which makes it possible to produce, in a simple and economical manner, robust and light building walls having an interior air space along one of their faces and having a good thermal and acoustic insulation power, which can be even improved compared to that of the walls that we currently know how to manufacture.
  • this framework is characterized in that it comprises a certain number of rectilinear and parallel ropes welded on several substantially sinusoidal and overlapping ropes which extend in planes perpendicular to the rectilinear ropes and whose vertices are located in two parallel planes, the straight lines being wholly or partly grouped in a first and a second row parallel to these two planes and delimiting between them a space of a certain width, the first row of straight lines also being slightly away from a first of the plans containing the vertices of the sinusoidal streaks.
  • a construction element such as a wall, a ceiling or a partition, of the type comprising a central part disposed between two finishing coatings and constituted by a wall.
  • carrier in cavernous concrete or other covered, on one of its faces, with a layer of thermal insulation, and characterized in that the three-dimensional framework is partially embedded in the carrier wall and in that said central part occupies the space delimited by the first and second rows of straight lines, the tops of the sinusoidal lines situated in said first plane carrying a first finishing coating while those which are located in said second plane carrying the second finishing coating, so that the first at least of these coatings defines an air space with the central part.
  • the primary advantage of the framework of the invention in its application to the manufacture of a construction element of this type, lies in the fact that it serves both to wear the two finishing coatings, to hand keep one of these slightly away from the central part for the delimitation of the air space, reinforce or reinforce the concrete load-bearing wall and support the thermal insulation layer when it is formed by solid insulation plates.
  • this framework can be manufactured using small diameter struts which makes it very light and therefore perfectly suitable for the construction of buildings in seismic zones. Its construction is also very simple and its airy structure allows easy transport of several of these frames stacked flat on top of each other.
  • the air space formed flush with one of the finishing coatings is a thermal and acoustic damper.
  • one or more additional air spaces can be produced inside the thermal insulation layer and, when this consists of solid insulating plates extending in planes parallel to the rows of straight lines, this or these air knives are preferably formed by placing wooden battens parallel to the straight lines of the frame, between the insulating plates.
  • This arrangement improves the insulating power of the building element.
  • additional rectilinear strands can be welded to the sinusoidal struts of the frame to play the role of wooden battens in the delimitation of the additional air knives.
  • the building element of the invention can be produced from a framework as defined above, in which the second row of straight lines extends in the second of the planes containing the vertices of the sinusoidal lines, so that , on the straight lines of this second row, can be fixed a tight mesh screen serving as a support for the second finishing coating.
  • this construction element can be produced from a three-dimensional framework according to the invention, which comprises a third row, parallel to the first two, of straight and parallel strands, this third row extending in said first plane containing the peaks of the streaks sinusoidal so that, on the straight lines of this third row, it is possible to fix a tight mesh screen serving as support for the first finishing coating.
  • the first finishing covering is made of wooden cladding
  • the building element according to the invention is more particularly intended to constitute an external wall of a dwelling and, in this case; it is characterized in that the rectilinear struts of the framework are oriented in a vertical direction and in that said first finishing coating constitutes the exterior coating of the wall, the thermal insulation layer extending between the load-bearing wall and the air space formed flush with this outer covering.
  • the air space is formed all along the exterior finishing coating, in contact with the thermal insulation layer, and thus constitutes, between the interior and the exterior of the dwelling, a thermal damper. which ensures good heat conservation in winter and freshness in summer inside the house and which also contributes to its acoustic insulation.
  • the air space can also be opened at its base and communicate from above, for example through a ventilation opening, with the outside air, so as to constitute an air space ventilated which provides the additional advantage of thermal stabilization of the load-bearing wall and of the external covering, that is to say of protection of the latter against internal degradations, of the cracking type, which could result significant variations in temperature between winter and summer.
  • the present invention also relates to an economical process for constructing such an isothermal wall, which is characterized in that it consists in blocking thermal insulating plates between the sinusoidal strands of the frame and parallel to the straight strands of this to form the thermal insulation layer, to staple the mesh on the straight lines of the second row, to lay the interior finishing coating on this mesh, to lay the exterior finishing coating on the corresponding vertices of the sinusoidal threads , to fix the framework on a retaining wall by orienting its rectilinear beams in a vertical direction and in arranging the third row of these strands on the outside of the wall and pouring concrete between the interior coating and the insulation layer so as to form the load-bearing wall.
  • the primary advantage of this construction process is that it allows the load-bearing wall to be made with lost formwork by pouring concrete between the second finishing coating and the solid insulation plates.
  • the three-dimensional metal framework 9 comprises a number of straight lines 14a, 14b, 14c welded, parallel to each other, on several substantially sinusoidal lines or folded in a zig-zag 15, which are superimposable and extend in stepped planes perpendicular to the straight lines.
  • the vertices 15a and 15b of the sinusoidal streaks 15 are located in two planes parallel and a part of the straight lines is grouped in a first row 14a and a second line 14b, parallel to these two planes and delimiting between them a space of width L.
  • the first row 14a of straight lines is furthermore slightly away from the plane containing the vertices 15a so as to delimit therewith a space of reduced width 1.
  • the second row 14b of rectilinear streaks extends in the second plane containing the vertices 15b and, the remaining rectilinear streaks, aligned in a third row 14c parallel to the first two 14a and 14b, are welded, parallel to each other, on the vertices 15b located in said foreground.
  • the struts 14 and 15 constituting the framework 9 of the invention are preferably made of galvanized steel for reasons of corrosion resistance and are of a relatively small diameter, of the order of 6 mm for straight streaks 14 , and 4 mm for sinusoidal threads 15.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 a section of a construction element constructed from such a framework has been represented, this construction element being in the present case an exterior wall of a dwelling whose interior is referenced by A and outside by B.
  • this construction element consists of a central part 1 disposed between an interior finish coating 2a or 2b and an exterior finish coating 3a or 3b.
  • the central part 1 is more particularly constituted by a load-bearing wall 4 of cavernous concrete or the like covered, on its face turned outwards, with a layer of thermal insulation 5, formed here by plates of solid insulation such as expanded polystyrene.
  • the frame 9 is partially embedded in the load-bearing wall 4, its straight struts being oriented in a vertical direction.
  • the straight lines of the second row 14b extend flush with the inner face of the load-bearing wall 4.
  • the framework 9 projects from the outer face 8 of the latter to serve as a support for the insulating plates 5 which are wedged between the load-bearing wall 4 and the first row 14a of rectilinear strands, extending parallel to the latter.
  • the central part 1 of the wall as a whole occupies the space of width L delimited by the first and second rows 14a and 14b of the straight lines of the framework 9.
  • the vertices 15a of the sinusoidal streaks carry the external finish coating 3a or 3b, while their vertices 15b carry the internal finish coating 2a or 2b.
  • the outer covering 3a ′ or 3 b delimits with the central part 1 an air space 7 which corresponds to the space of width 1 mentioned above.
  • This air gap 7 constitutes a thermal damper between the interior A and the exterior B of the dwelling.
  • the air gap 7 can be open at its base and communicate from above, for example through a conventional air vent, with the external environment.
  • a ventilated air layer is thus produced which, in cooperation with the thermal insulation layer 5, protects the concrete load-bearing wall 1 against thermal shocks resulting from large variations in the outside temperature and ensures the thermal stabilization of the external coating.
  • a tight mesh screen 10 serving as a support for the inner lining finish 2a or 2b, which may be a coating layer of plaster 2a, projected onto the grid 10 (see FIG. 3) or a prefabricated panel 2b of compressed plaster, fixed to the grid 10 by means of adhesive pads 11 (see FIG. 4).
  • a second tight mesh screen 13 is fixed to the straight lines of the frame 9, which form the third row 14c, to serve as a support for the exterior finish coating 3b generally constituted by a hydraulic coating projected onto the grid 13, which for this purpose may have a cardboard or plastic underside.
  • a wooden batten 12 is locked inside each group of superimposable external vertices 15a of the sinusoidal strands 15 of the framework, these batts receiving by nailing the external covering 3a constituted in this case by wooden cladding.
  • wooden cladding instead of wooden cladding, one can also nail on the battens 12, clains made of slate, aluminum or wood.
  • the above-mentioned gratings 10 and 13 can also be stapled to the vertices 15a and 15b of the sinusoidal struts 15 of the framework 9 and, to provide a greater fixing surface, these vertices are flattened.
  • the framework 9 is consolidated by a plane reinforcement 16 resting on one of the sinusoidal streaks 15, and wedged between the two rows of straight streaks 14a and 14b.
  • This frame consists of two parallel rules 17 connected by spacers 18.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the building element of the invention in the thermal insulation layer which is formed an additional closed air gap 21, which improves the insulating power of the building element.
  • the additional air space 21 is delimited by two neighboring insulating plates, kept at a distance from one another by wooden battens 22, locked together and parallel to the straight lines 14.
  • the battens 12 are fixed, as the case may be, in its external vertices 15a or the grid 13 on the latter.
  • the interior and exterior coverings 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b are then laid.
  • the following operation consists in bringing the assembly thus produced on the site where it is fixed to a retaining wall, constituted for example by the foundations of the building to be constructed, by orienting the straight lines 14 of the framework 9 in a direction vertical and placing the third row of these strands on the outside of the wall.
  • cavernous concrete or any other concrete is poured into the space delimited by the interior finishing coating 2a or 2b and the thermal insulating plates, so as to form the load-bearing wall 4 of the wall.
  • this construction method makes it possible, in an economical manner, to cast the load-bearing wall 4 of the lost formwork wall and to quickly make the major part of the wall in the workshop, sheltered from the weather.
  • the building element according to the invention can be produced in the form of prefabricated panels.
  • An exterior wall of a dwelling dimensioned in this way, has a thermal transmission coefficient of 0.29. This coefficient, which is much lower than those obtained in conventional isothermal walls, can be lowered to 0.27 if several indoor air spaces are provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three dimensional metal framework, designed for forming isothermic walls of buildings, which comprise an inner air cavity in form of a blade along one of its faces. This framework (9) comprises rectilinear and parallel rods (14) which are welded, in at least two parallel rows (14a, 14b), on sinusoidal wires (15) which extend in planes perpendicular to the rectilinear rods and whose tops (15a, 15b) are situated in two planes parallel with the two rows of rectilinear rods, the first row (14a) of rectilinear rods being furthermore slightly spaced apart from a first one of the planes containing the tops (15a) of the sinusoidal wires. The invention also relates to a constructional element built from this framework and comprising a bearing wall (4) and a heat insulating layer (5) both disposed between the two rows (14a, 14b) of the rectilinear rods of the framework (9) as well as two finishing coverings (2b, 3b) formed on the tops (15a, 15b) of the sinusoidal wires of the latter. An air cavity in form of a blade is therefore formed along one of the finishing coverings. The invention also relates to a process for constructing a constructional element of this type which constitutes an external wall of a house.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à une ossature métallique tridimensionnelle conçue pour la réalisation de parois de bâtiment isothermiques. Elle a trait également à un élément de construction réalisé à l'aide de cette ossature, et plus particulièrement à un mur isothermique extérieur d'une habitation pourvu d'une lame d'air extérieur, ainsi qu'à un procédé pour la construction d'un tel mur.The present invention relates to a three-dimensional metal frame designed for the production of isothermal building walls. It also relates to a building element produced using this framework, and more particularly to an isothermal exterior wall of a dwelling provided with an outside air space, as well as to a process for the construction of 'such a wall.

Pour répondre à la demande croissante de la clientèle et satisfaire les réglementations officielles actuellement en vigueur dans le domaine de la construction, les entrepreneurs en bâtiments consacrent de plus en plus d'efforts à l'amélioration du confort intérieur des locaux habitables et, plus spécialement, de l'isolation thermique et acoustique, essentiellement par leurs murs extérieurs, des maisons individuelles et immeubles collectifs.To meet the growing demand of the customers and to satisfy the official regulations currently in force in the field of construction, building contractors devote more and more efforts to improving the interior comfort of habitable premises and, more specifically , thermal and acoustic insulation, mainly by their exterior walls, individual houses and collective buildings.

Les recherches théoriques effectuées dans ce domaine ont montré qu'en ménageant un vide ou une lame d'air dans les murs extérieurs d'une habitation, on réalisait, en combinaison avec une couche d'isolant thermique, un amortissement thermique et acoustique convenable entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de celle-ci. Jusqu'à ce jour toutefois, on n'a pu mettre au point des moyens permettant de réaliser sur le plan pratique cette lame d'air de manière simple et économique.Theoretical research carried out in this field has shown that by creating a vacuum or an air space in the exterior walls of a dwelling, one achieves, in combination with a layer of thermal insulation, a suitable thermal and acoustic damping between the outside and inside of it. To date, however, it has not been possible to develop means enabling this air space to be produced in a practical and simple manner.

Par ailleurs, la stabilisation thermique des murs, c'est-à-dire leur protection contre les chocs thermiques résultant par exemple d'une variation importante de température entre l'été et l'hiver, n'a jamais pu être maitrisée de manière satisfaisante.Furthermore, the thermal stabilization of the walls, that is to say their protection against thermal shocks resulting for example from a significant variation in temperature between summer and winter, has never been able to be controlled in a manner satisfactory.

Enfin, on parvient difficilement à l'heure actuelle à construire des murs isothermiques qui soient suffisamment robustes pour constituer la structure porteuse d'un bâtiment et assez légers pour ne pas provoquer de trop gros dégâts, tant sur le plan humain que matériel, lorsqu'ils s'éffondrent à la suite par exemple d'un séisme.Finally, it is difficult at present to construct isothermal walls which are sufficiently robust to constitute the load-bearing structure of a building and light enough not to cause too great damage, both on a human and material level, when they collapse following, for example, an earthquake.

En partant de ces constatations, la présente Demanderesse a conçu une ossature métallique tridimensionnelle qui permet de réaliser, de manière simple et économique, des parois de bâtiment robustes et légères présentant une lame d'air intérieure le long de l'une de leurs faces et possédant un bon pouvoir d'isolation thermique et acoustique, lequel peut être même amélioré par rapport à celui des parois que l'on sait actuellement fabriquer.On the basis of these observations, the present Applicant has designed a three-dimensional metal framework which makes it possible to produce, in a simple and economical manner, robust and light building walls having an interior air space along one of their faces and having a good thermal and acoustic insulation power, which can be even improved compared to that of the walls that we currently know how to manufacture.

Selon l'invention, cette ossature se caractérise en ce qu'elle comprend un certain nombre de filants rectilignes et parallèles soudés sur plusieurs filants sensiblement sinusoïdaux et superposables qui s'étendent dans des plans perpendiculaires aux filants rectilignes et dont les sommets sont situés dans deux plans parallèles, les filants rectilignes étant en tout ou partie groupés en une première et une deuxième rangée parallèles à ces deux plans et délimitant entre elles un espace d'une certaine largeur, la première rangée de filants rectilignes étant en outre légèrement à distance d'un premier des plans contenant les sommets des filants sinusoïdaux.According to the invention, this framework is characterized in that it comprises a certain number of rectilinear and parallel ropes welded on several substantially sinusoidal and overlapping ropes which extend in planes perpendicular to the rectilinear ropes and whose vertices are located in two parallel planes, the straight lines being wholly or partly grouped in a first and a second row parallel to these two planes and delimiting between them a space of a certain width, the first row of straight lines also being slightly away from a first of the plans containing the vertices of the sinusoidal streaks.

A partir de cette ossature, on peut fabriquer, toujours selon l'invention,un élément de construction, tel qu'un mur, un plafond ou une cloison, du type comprenant une partie centrale disposée entre deux revêtements de finition et constituée par une paroi porteuse en béton caverneux ou autre recouverte, sur l'une de ses faces, d'une couche d'isolation thermique, et se caractérisant en ce que l'ossature tridimensionnelle est partiellement noyée dans la paroi porteuse et en ce que ladite partie centrale occupe l'espace délimité par les première et deuxième rangées de filants rectilignes, les sommets des filants sinusoïdaux situés dans ledit premier plan portant un premier revêtement de finition tandis que ceux qui sont situés dans ledit second plan porte le second revêtement de finition, de sorte que le premier au moins de ces revêtements délimite une lame d'air avec la partie centrale.From this framework, it is possible to manufacture, still according to the invention, a construction element, such as a wall, a ceiling or a partition, of the type comprising a central part disposed between two finishing coatings and constituted by a wall. carrier in cavernous concrete or other covered, on one of its faces, with a layer of thermal insulation, and characterized in that the three-dimensional framework is partially embedded in the carrier wall and in that said central part occupies the space delimited by the first and second rows of straight lines, the tops of the sinusoidal lines situated in said first plane carrying a first finishing coating while those which are located in said second plane carrying the second finishing coating, so that the first at least of these coatings defines an air space with the central part.

L'avantage premier de l'ossature de l'invention, dans son application à la fabrication d'un élément de construction de ce type, réside dans le fait qu'elle sert tout à la fois à porter les deux revêtements de finition, à maintenir l'un de ceux-ci légèrement à distance de la partie centrale pour la délimitation de la lame d'air, à renforcer ou armer la paroi porteuse en béton et à supporter la couche d'isolation thermique lorsque celle-ci est formée par des plaques d'isolant solide.The primary advantage of the framework of the invention, in its application to the manufacture of a construction element of this type, lies in the fact that it serves both to wear the two finishing coatings, to hand keep one of these slightly away from the central part for the delimitation of the air space, reinforce or reinforce the concrete load-bearing wall and support the thermal insulation layer when it is formed by solid insulation plates.

On fera encore observer que cette ossature peut-être fabriquée à l'aide de filants de faible diamètre ce qui la rend très légère et donc parfaitement appropriée pour la construction de bâtiments dans des zones sismiques. Sa réalisation est en outre très simple et sa structure aérée permet un transport facile de plusieurs de ces ossatures empilées à plat les unes sur les autres.It will also be observed that this framework can be manufactured using small diameter struts which makes it very light and therefore perfectly suitable for the construction of buildings in seismic zones. Its construction is also very simple and its airy structure allows easy transport of several of these frames stacked flat on top of each other.

Dans l'élément de construction réalisé à l'aide de cette ossature, la lame d'air formée au ras de l'un des revêtements de finition, constitue comme on le sait un amortisseur thermique et acoustique.In the building element produced using this framework, the air space formed flush with one of the finishing coatings, as is known, is a thermal and acoustic damper.

Selon une caractéristique importante de cet élément de construction, une ou plusieurs lames d'air supplémentaires peuvent être réalisées à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolation thermique et, lorsque celle-ci est constituée de plaques d'isolant solide s'étendant dans des plans parallèles aux rangées de filants rectilignes, cette ou ces lames d'air sont formées de préférence par mise en place de tasseaux de bois parallèles aux filants rectilignes de l'ossature, entre les plaques d'isolant. Cette disposition permet d'améliorer le pouvoir isolateur de l'élément de construction. On fera ici remarquer qu'en variante, des filants rectilignes supplémentaires peuvent être soudés sur les filants sinusoldaux de l'ossature pour jouer le rôle des tasseaux de bois dans la délimitation des lames d'air supplémentaires.According to an important characteristic of this building element, one or more additional air spaces can be produced inside the thermal insulation layer and, when this consists of solid insulating plates extending in planes parallel to the rows of straight lines, this or these air knives are preferably formed by placing wooden battens parallel to the straight lines of the frame, between the insulating plates. This arrangement improves the insulating power of the building element. It will be noted here that, as a variant, additional rectilinear strands can be welded to the sinusoidal struts of the frame to play the role of wooden battens in the delimitation of the additional air knives.

L'élément de construction de l'invention peut être réalisé à partir d'une ossature telle que définie plus haut,dans laquelle la deuxième rangée de filants rectilignes s'étend dans le second des plans contenant.les sommets des filants sinusoïdaux, pour que, sur les filants rectilignes de cette deuxième rangée, puisse être fixé un grillage à mailles serrées servant de support pour le second revêtement de finition.The building element of the invention can be produced from a framework as defined above, in which the second row of straight lines extends in the second of the planes containing the vertices of the sinusoidal lines, so that , on the straight lines of this second row, can be fixed a tight mesh screen serving as a support for the second finishing coating.

De même, on peut réaliser cet élément de construction à partir d'une ossature tridimensionnelle selon l'invention,qui comprend une troisième rangée, parallèle aux deux premières, de filants rectilignes et parallèles, cette troisième rangée s'étendant dans ledit premier plan contenant les sommets des filants sinusoïdaux pour que, sur les filants rectilignes de cette troisième rangée, on puisse fixer un grillage à mailles serrées servant de support pour le premier revêtement de finition.Likewise, this construction element can be produced from a three-dimensional framework according to the invention, which comprises a third row, parallel to the first two, of straight and parallel strands, this third row extending in said first plane containing the peaks of the streaks sinusoidal so that, on the straight lines of this third row, it is possible to fix a tight mesh screen serving as support for the first finishing coating.

En variante toutefois, lorsque le premier revêtement de finition est constitué par un bardage en bois, il est avantageux de bloquer à l'intérieur de chaque groupe de sommets superposables des filants sinusoïdaux, situés dans ledit premier plan, des tasseaux en bois sur lesquels peut-être cloué ce bardage.Alternatively, however, when the first finishing covering is made of wooden cladding, it is advantageous to block, inside each group of superimposable vertices, sinusoidal strands, located in said foreground, wooden battens on which can -be nailed this siding.

L'élément de construction selon l'invention est plus particulièrement destiné à constituer un mur extérieur d'une habitation et, dans ce cas; il se caractérise en ce que les filants rectilignes de l'ossature sont orientés selon une direction verticale et en ce que ledit premier revêtement de finition constitue le revêtement extérieur du mur, la couche d'isolation thermique s'étendant entre la paroi porteuse et la lame d'air formée au ras de ce revêtement extérieur. Dans ce mur, la lame d'air est formée tout le long du revêtement extérieur de finition,au contact de la couche d'isolation thermique, et constitue ainsi, entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de l'habitation,un amortisseur thermique qui assure une bonne conservation de la chaleur en hiver et de la fraicheur en été à l'intérieur de l'habitation et qui participe également à l'isolation acoustique de celle-ci.The building element according to the invention is more particularly intended to constitute an external wall of a dwelling and, in this case; it is characterized in that the rectilinear struts of the framework are oriented in a vertical direction and in that said first finishing coating constitutes the exterior coating of the wall, the thermal insulation layer extending between the load-bearing wall and the air space formed flush with this outer covering. In this wall, the air space is formed all along the exterior finishing coating, in contact with the thermal insulation layer, and thus constitutes, between the interior and the exterior of the dwelling, a thermal damper. which ensures good heat conservation in winter and freshness in summer inside the house and which also contributes to its acoustic insulation.

Dans ce mur, la lame d'air peut en outre être ouverte à sa base et communiquer par le haut, par exemple au travers d'une bouche d'aération, avec l'air extérieur, de manière à constituer une lame d'air ventilée qui procure l'avantage supplémentaire d'une stabilisation thermique de la paroi porteuse et du revê- tément extérieur, c'est-à-dire d'une protection de ceux-ci contre les dégradations intérieures, du genre fissurations, qui pourraient résulter de variations importantes de température entre l'hiver et l'été.In this wall, the air space can also be opened at its base and communicate from above, for example through a ventilation opening, with the outside air, so as to constitute an air space ventilated which provides the additional advantage of thermal stabilization of the load-bearing wall and of the external covering, that is to say of protection of the latter against internal degradations, of the cracking type, which could result significant variations in temperature between winter and summer.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé économique de construction d'un tel mur isothermique,qui se caractérise en ce qu'il consiste à bloquer des plaques d'isolant thermique entre les filants sinusoïdaux de l'ossature et parallèlement aux filants rectilignes de celle-ci pour former la couche d'isolation thermique, à agrafer le grillage sur les filants rectilignes de la deuxième rangée, à poser le revêtement intérieur de finition sur ce grillage, à poser le revêtement extérieur de finition sur les sommets correspondants des filants sinusoïdaux, à fixer l'ossature sur un mur de soutènement en orientant ses filants rectilignes selon une direction verticale et en disposant la troisième rangée de ces filants du côté extérieur du mur et à couler du béton entre le revêtement intérieur et la couche d'isolation de manière à former la paroi porteuse..The present invention also relates to an economical process for constructing such an isothermal wall, which is characterized in that it consists in blocking thermal insulating plates between the sinusoidal strands of the frame and parallel to the straight strands of this to form the thermal insulation layer, to staple the mesh on the straight lines of the second row, to lay the interior finishing coating on this mesh, to lay the exterior finishing coating on the corresponding vertices of the sinusoidal threads , to fix the framework on a retaining wall by orienting its rectilinear beams in a vertical direction and in arranging the third row of these strands on the outside of the wall and pouring concrete between the interior coating and the insulation layer so as to form the load-bearing wall.

L'avantage premier de ce procédé de construction réside dans le fait qu'il permet de réaliser à coffrage perdu la paroi porteuse du mur en coulant du béton entre le second revêtement de finition et les plaques d'isolant solide..The primary advantage of this construction process is that it allows the load-bearing wall to be made with lost formwork by pouring concrete between the second finishing coating and the solid insulation plates.

Un mode de réalisation de l'ossature tridimensionnelle de l'invention et deux modes de réalisation de l'élément de construction fabriqué à l'aide de cette ossature vont être décrits ci-après à titre d'exemples non limitatifs en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective dudit mode de réalisation de l'ossature ;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue en plan de cette ossature ;
  • - les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe transversale des deux modes de réalisation de l'élément de construction réalisé à partir de cette ossature ;
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe effectuée selon la ligne V-V de la figure 3 ;
  • - la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un élément de construc= tion semblable à celui de la figure 3, mais présentant plusieurs lames d'air ; et
  • - la figure 7 représente schématiquement une phase de la fabrication de l'élément de construction de l'invention.
An embodiment of the three-dimensional framework of the invention and two embodiments of the construction element manufactured using this framework will be described below by way of nonlimiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein :
  • - Figure 1 is a perspective view of said embodiment of the frame;
  • - Figure 2 is a plan view of this frame;
  • - Figures 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of the two embodiments of the construction element produced from this frame;
  • - Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the line VV of Figure 3;
  • - Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an element of similar construc tion = to that of Figure 3 but having a plurality of air knives; and
  • - Figure 7 shows schematically a phase of the manufacture of the construction element of the invention.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 1 et 2, l'ossature métallique tridimensionnelle 9 selon l'invention comprend un certain nombre de filants rectilignes 14a, 14b, 14c soudés, parallèlement entre eux, sur plusieurs filants sensiblement sinusoldaux ou pliés en zig-zag 15, qui sont superposables et s'étendent dans des plans étagés perpendiculaires aux filants rectilignes.As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the three-dimensional metal framework 9 according to the invention comprises a number of straight lines 14a, 14b, 14c welded, parallel to each other, on several substantially sinusoidal lines or folded in a zig-zag 15, which are superimposable and extend in stepped planes perpendicular to the straight lines.

Les sommets 15a et 15b des filants sinusoïdaux 15 sont situés dans deux plans parallèles et une partie des filants rectilignes est groupée en une première rangée 14a et une deuxième rangée 14b, parallèles à ces deux plans et délimitant entre elles un espace de largeur L. La première rangée 14a de filants rectilignes se trouve en outre légèrement à distance du plan contenant les sommets 15a de manière à délimiter avec celui-ci un espace de largeur réduite 1.The vertices 15a and 15b of the sinusoidal streaks 15 are located in two planes parallel and a part of the straight lines is grouped in a first row 14a and a second line 14b, parallel to these two planes and delimiting between them a space of width L. The first row 14a of straight lines is furthermore slightly away from the plane containing the vertices 15a so as to delimit therewith a space of reduced width 1.

Comme on le voit nettement sur la figure 2, la deuxième rangée 14b de filants rectilignes s'étend dans le second plan contenant les sommets 15b et, les filants rectilignes restants, alignés selon une troisième rangée 14c parallèle aux deux premières 14a et 14b, sont soudés, parallèlement entre eux, sur les sommets 15b situés dans ledit premier plan.As can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the second row 14b of rectilinear streaks extends in the second plane containing the vertices 15b and, the remaining rectilinear streaks, aligned in a third row 14c parallel to the first two 14a and 14b, are welded, parallel to each other, on the vertices 15b located in said foreground.

Les filants 14 et 15 constituant l'ossature 9 de l'invention sont de préférence réalisés en acier galvanisé pour des raisons de résistance à la corrosion et sont d'un diamètre relativement réduit, de l'ordre de 6 mm pour les filants rectilignes 14, et de 4 mm pour les filants sinusoïdaux 15.The struts 14 and 15 constituting the framework 9 of the invention are preferably made of galvanized steel for reasons of corrosion resistance and are of a relatively small diameter, of the order of 6 mm for straight streaks 14 , and 4 mm for sinusoidal threads 15.

Pour fabriquer l'ossature qui vient d'être décrite, on commence par réaliser une sorte de treillis plan à mailles larges en soudant par points les filants 14 sur des filants de plus grande longueur que l'on dispose perpendiculairement aux filants 14. On plie ensuite ce treillis en accordéon par des moyens traditionnels de manière à donner aux filants 15 leur configuration sensiblement sinusoïdale. Il va de soi qu'au cours du soudage,les filants 14 sont positionnés sur les filants 15 de façon à apparaître selon les trois rangées susmentionnées après l'opération de pliage.To make the framework which has just been described, we begin by making a sort of flat lattice with wide meshes by spot welding the strands 14 on longer strands which are arranged perpendicular to the strands 14. We fold then this accordion lattice by traditional means so as to give the struts 15 their substantially sinusoidal configuration. It goes without saying that during welding, the threads 14 are positioned on the threads 15 so as to appear in the three rows mentioned above after the folding operation.

L'ossature ainsi fabriquée est spécialement conçue pour la réalisation de parois isothermiques de bâtiments. Sur les figures 3 à 6, on a représenté un tronçon d'un élément de construction bâti à partir d'une telle ossature, cet élément de construction étant dans le cas présent un mur extérieur d'une habitation dont l'intérieur est référencé par A et l'extérieur par B.The framework thus produced is specially designed for the production of isothermal walls of buildings. In FIGS. 3 to 6, a section of a construction element constructed from such a framework has been represented, this construction element being in the present case an exterior wall of a dwelling whose interior is referenced by A and outside by B.

Plus précisément, cet élément de construction se compose d'une partie centrale 1 disposée entre un revêtement intérieur de finition 2a ou 2b et un revêtement extérieur de finition 3 a ou 3b. La partie centrale 1 est plus particulièrement constituée par une paroi porteuse 4 en béton caverneux ou autre recouverte, sur sa face tournée vers l'extérieur,d'une couche d'isolation thermique 5, formée ici par des plaques d'isolant solide tel que du polystyrène expansé.More specifically, this construction element consists of a central part 1 disposed between an interior finish coating 2a or 2b and an exterior finish coating 3a or 3b. The central part 1 is more particularly constituted by a load-bearing wall 4 of cavernous concrete or the like covered, on its face turned outwards, with a layer of thermal insulation 5, formed here by plates of solid insulation such as expanded polystyrene.

Dans cet élément de construction, l'ossature 9 est partiellement noyée dans la paroi porteuse 4, ses filants rectilignes étant orientés selon une direction verticale. Les filants rectilignes de la deuxième rangée 14b s'étendent au ras de la face intérieure de la paroi porteuse 4. En outre, l'ossature 9 fait saillie sur la face extérieure 8 de cette dernière pour servir de support aux plaques d'isolant 5 qui sont coincées entre la paroi porteuse 4 et la première rangée 14a de filants rectilignes en s'étendant parallèlement à ces derniers. Ainsi, la partie centrale 1 du mur dans son ensemble occupe l'espace de largeur L délimité par les première et deuxième rangées 14a et 14b des filants rectilignes de l'ossature 9.In this building element, the frame 9 is partially embedded in the load-bearing wall 4, its straight struts being oriented in a vertical direction. The straight lines of the second row 14b extend flush with the inner face of the load-bearing wall 4. In addition, the framework 9 projects from the outer face 8 of the latter to serve as a support for the insulating plates 5 which are wedged between the load-bearing wall 4 and the first row 14a of rectilinear strands, extending parallel to the latter. Thus, the central part 1 of the wall as a whole occupies the space of width L delimited by the first and second rows 14a and 14b of the straight lines of the framework 9.

Sur les figures 3 à 6, on observera encore que les sommets 15a des filants sinusoïdaux portent le revêtement extérieur de finition 3a ou 3b, tandis que leurs sommets 15b portent le revêtement intérieur de finition 2a ou 2b. Ainsi, le revêtement extérieur 3a'ou 3b délimite avec la partie centrale 1 une lame d'air 7 qui correspond à l'espace de largeur 1 mentionné plus haut.In FIGS. 3 to 6, it will also be observed that the vertices 15a of the sinusoidal streaks carry the external finish coating 3a or 3b, while their vertices 15b carry the internal finish coating 2a or 2b. Thus, the outer covering 3a ′ or 3 b delimits with the central part 1 an air space 7 which corresponds to the space of width 1 mentioned above.

Cette lame d'air 7 constitue un amortisseur thermique entre l'intérieur A et l'extérieur B de l'habitation.This air gap 7 constitutes a thermal damper between the interior A and the exterior B of the dwelling.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention non illustrée par les figures, la lame d'air 7 peut être ouverte à sa base et communiquer par le haut, par exemple au travers d'une bouche d'aération classique, avec l'environnement extérieur. On réalise ainsi une lame d'air ventilée qui, en coopération avec la couche d'isolation thermique 5, protège la paroi porteuse 1 en béton contre les chocs thermiques résultant de fortes variations de la température extérieure et assure la stabilisation thermique du revêtement extérieur.According to a characteristic of the invention not illustrated in the figures, the air gap 7 can be open at its base and communicate from above, for example through a conventional air vent, with the external environment. A ventilated air layer is thus produced which, in cooperation with the thermal insulation layer 5, protects the concrete load-bearing wall 1 against thermal shocks resulting from large variations in the outside temperature and ensures the thermal stabilization of the external coating.

Sur les filants rectilignes de l'ossature 9 qui forment la deuxième rangée 14b, est fixé, par exemple par agrafage, un grillage à mailles serrées 10 servant de support au revêtement intérieur de finition 2a ou 2b, lequel peut être une couche d'enduit de plâtre 2a, projeté sur le grillage 10 (voir figure 3) ou un panneau préfabriqué 2b en plâtre compressé, fixé au grillage 10 par l'intermédiaire de plots de colle 11 (voir figure 4).On the rectilinear struts of the framework 9 which form the second row 14b, is fixed, for example by stapling, a tight mesh screen 10 serving as a support for the inner lining finish 2a or 2b, which may be a coating layer of plaster 2a, projected onto the grid 10 (see FIG. 3) or a prefabricated panel 2b of compressed plaster, fixed to the grid 10 by means of adhesive pads 11 (see FIG. 4).

Dans le mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction de l'invention représenté en coupe sur la figure 4, un second grillage à mailles serrées 13 est fixé sur les filants rectilignes de l'ossature 9, qui forment la troisième rangée 14c,pour servir de support au revêtement extérieur de finition 3b, constitué en général par un enduit hydraulique projeté sur le grillage 13, qui à cet effet peut porter une sous-face en carton ou en matière plastique.In the embodiment of the construction element of the invention shown in section in FIG. 4, a second tight mesh screen 13 is fixed to the straight lines of the frame 9, which form the third row 14c, to serve as a support for the exterior finish coating 3b generally constituted by a hydraulic coating projected onto the grid 13, which for this purpose may have a cardboard or plastic underside.

En variante toutefois, et comme représenté sur la figure 3, un tasseau en bois 12 est bloqué à l'intérieur de chaque groupe des sommets superposables extérieurs 15a des filants sinusoïdaux 15 de l'ossature, ces tasseaux recevant par clouage le revêtement extérieur 3a constitué dans ce cas par un bardage en bois. A la place du bardage en bois, on peut aussi clouer sur les tasseaux 12, des clains en ardoise, en aluminium ou en bois.As a variant, however, and as shown in FIG. 3, a wooden batten 12 is locked inside each group of superimposable external vertices 15a of the sinusoidal strands 15 of the framework, these batts receiving by nailing the external covering 3a constituted in this case by wooden cladding. Instead of wooden cladding, one can also nail on the battens 12, clains made of slate, aluminum or wood.

On observera ici que les grillages 10 et 13 sus-mentionnés peuvent aussi être agrafés sur les sommets 15a et 15b des filants sinusoïdaux 15 de l'ossature 9 et, pour offrir une plus grande surface de fixation, ces sommets sont aplatis.It will be observed here that the above-mentioned gratings 10 and 13 can also be stapled to the vertices 15a and 15b of the sinusoidal struts 15 of the framework 9 and, to provide a greater fixing surface, these vertices are flattened.

On ajoutera encore que l'ossature 9 est consolidée par une armature plane 16 reposant sur l'un des filants sinusoïdaux 15, et coincée entre les deux rangées de filants rectilignes 14a et 14b. Cette armature est constituée par deux règles parallèles 17 reliées par des entretoises 18.It will also be added that the framework 9 is consolidated by a plane reinforcement 16 resting on one of the sinusoidal streaks 15, and wedged between the two rows of straight streaks 14a and 14b. This frame consists of two parallel rules 17 connected by spacers 18.

La figure 6 montre un mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction de l'invention dans la couche d'isolation thermique duquel est ménagée une lame d'air supplémentaire fermée 21, qui améliore le pouvoir isolateur de l'élément de construction.Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the building element of the invention in the thermal insulation layer which is formed an additional closed air gap 21, which improves the insulating power of the building element.

Plus précisément, la lame d'air supplémentaire 21 est délimitée par deux plaques d'isolant voisines,maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre par des tasseaux en bois 22,bloqués entre elles et parallèles aux filants rectilignes 14.More specifically, the additional air space 21 is delimited by two neighboring insulating plates, kept at a distance from one another by wooden battens 22, locked together and parallel to the straight lines 14.

'1 est bien évident qu'à la place de ces tasseaux, on peut prévoir sur l'ossa- re 9 deux rangées supplémentaires de filants rectilignes non représentées, délimiteraient la lame d'air 21.

  • utre, il est bien sur possible de ménager entre les plaques d'isolants eurs lames d'air de ce type afin d'augmenter d'autant le pouvoir d'isola- thermique de l'élément de construction.
    • ent de construction qui fait l'objet de la présente invention peut être de différentes manières. Toutefois, dans le cas où il constitue un mur
  • extérieur d'une habitation, il est avantageux de le construire selon le procédé décrit ci-dessous.
'1 is quite obvious that in place of these cleats, one can provide on the frame 9 two additional rows of straight lines, not shown, which would delimit the air space 21.
  • In addition, it is of course possible to provide between the insulating plates their air knives of this type in order to increase all the more the thermal insulation power of the building element.
    • The construction object which is the subject of the present invention can be in different ways. However, in the event that it constitutes a wall
  • outside a house, it is advantageous to build it according to the process described below.

On commence,en atelier, par fixer l'ossature 9 contre un tableau fixe 19 comme représenté sur la figure 7. Ensuite, on introduit latéralement l'armature 16 dans l'ossature, au-dessus d'un filant sinusoïdal 15 de celle-ci, et on la met en place par blocage entre les filants rectilignes des première et deuxième rangées 14a, 14b, comme représenté en traits interrompus sur la figure 7. On introduit, par l'autre côté de l'ossature, les plaques 20 d'isolant thermique que l'on dresse par blocage entre les filants sinusoïdaux, comme représenté en traits interrompus sur la figure 7. On fixe alors le grillage 10 sur les sommets intérieurs 15b des filants sinusoïdaux de l'ossature 9. Après avoir retiré cette dernière du tableau, on fixe, suivant le cas, les tasseaux 12 dans ses sommets extérieurs 15a ou le grillage 13 sur ces derniers. On pose ensuite les revêtements intérieur et extérieur 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b. L'opération suivante consiste à amener l'ensemble ainsi réalisé sur le chantier où on le fixe à un mur de soutènement,constitué par exemple par les fondations du bâtiment à construire,en orientant les filants rectilignes 14 de l'ossature 9 selon une direction verticale et en disposant la troisième rangée de ces filants du côté extérieur du mur. On coule enfin du béton caverneux ou tout autre béton dans l'espace délimité par le revêtement intérieur de finition 2a ou 2b et les plaques d'isolant thermique, de manière à former la paroi porteuse 4 du mur.We start, in the workshop, by fixing the frame 9 against a fixed table 19 as shown in FIG. 7. Then, we introduce laterally the frame 16 in the frame, above a sinusoidal strand 15 thereof. ci, and it is put in place by blocking between the straight lines of the first and second rows 14a, 14b, as shown in broken lines in FIG. 7. The plates 20 d are introduced, on the other side of the framework. thermal insulator which is erected by blocking between the sinusoidal strands, as shown in broken lines in FIG. 7. The grid 10 is then fixed on the internal vertices 15b of the sinusoidal streaks of the framework 9. After having removed the latter from the table, the battens 12 are fixed, as the case may be, in its external vertices 15a or the grid 13 on the latter. The interior and exterior coverings 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b are then laid. The following operation consists in bringing the assembly thus produced on the site where it is fixed to a retaining wall, constituted for example by the foundations of the building to be constructed, by orienting the straight lines 14 of the framework 9 in a direction vertical and placing the third row of these strands on the outside of the wall. Finally, cavernous concrete or any other concrete is poured into the space delimited by the interior finishing coating 2a or 2b and the thermal insulating plates, so as to form the load-bearing wall 4 of the wall.

On fera observer que ce procédé de construction permet, de manière économique, de couler la paroi porteuse 4 du mur à coffrage perdu et de réaliser rapidement la majeure partie du mur en atelier, à l'abri des intempéries.It will be observed that this construction method makes it possible, in an economical manner, to cast the load-bearing wall 4 of the lost formwork wall and to quickly make the major part of the wall in the workshop, sheltered from the weather.

Si la description qui précède a été faite en référence à un mur extérieur isothermique d'une habitation, il va de soi que l'ossature selon l'invention permet de réaliser toutes autres parois isothermiques de bâtiments et notamment des plafonds et des cloisons intérieures.If the foregoing description has been made with reference to an isothermal exterior wall of a dwelling, it goes without saying that the framework according to the invention makes it possible to produce all other isothermal walls of buildings and in particular ceilings and interior partitions.

Pour être complet, il convient de préciser que l'élément de construction selon l'invention peut être réalisé sous forme de panneaux préfabriqués.To be complete, it should be specified that the building element according to the invention can be produced in the form of prefabricated panels.

A titre d'exemples, on donne ci-après les dimensions préférencielles des différentes parties de l'élément de construction selon l'invention :

  • Epaisseur de la couche isolante : 8 à 12 cm
  • Epaisseur de la paroi porteuse : 16 cm
  • Epaisseur de la lame d'air : 3 cm
  • Distance entre 2 filants sinusoïdaux : 25 cm
  • Distance entre les filants rectilignes de la troisième rangée : 34 cm
By way of examples, the preferred dimensions of the different parts of the construction element according to the invention are given below:
  • Insulation layer thickness: 8 to 12 cm
  • Thickness of the load-bearing wall: 16 cm
  • Air knife thickness: 3 cm
  • Distance between 2 sinusoidal streaks: 25 cm
  • Distance between the straight rows in the third row: 34 cm

Un mur extérieur d'une habitation,dimensionné de cette façon,présente un coefficient de transmission thermique de 0,29. Ce coefficient, qui est bien inférieur à ceux obtenus dans les murs isothermiques classiques, peut être abaissé à 0,27 si l'on prévoit plusieurs lames d'air intérieures.An exterior wall of a dwelling, dimensioned in this way, has a thermal transmission coefficient of 0.29. This coefficient, which is much lower than those obtained in conventional isothermal walls, can be lowered to 0.27 if several indoor air spaces are provided.

Claims (15)

1. Ossature métallique tridimensionnelle (9),conçue pour la réalisation de parois isothermiques de bâtiments, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un certain nombre de filants rectilignes et parallèles (14) soudés sur plusieurs filants sensiblement sinusoïdaux et superposables (15) qui s'étendent dans des plans perpendiculaires aux filants rectilignes et dont les sommets (15a, 15b) sont situés dans deux plans parallèles, les filants rectilignes étant en tout ou partie groupés en une première et une deuxième rangée (14a, 14b) parallèles à ces deux plans et délimitant entre elles un espace d'une certaine largeur (L), la première rangée (14a) de filants rectilignes étant en outre légèrement à distance d'un premier des plans contenant les sommets (15a) des filants sinusoIdaux.1. Three-dimensional metal frame (9), designed for the production of isothermal walls of buildings, characterized in that it comprises a number of rectilinear and parallel wires (14) welded on several substantially sinusoidal and superimposable wires (15) which are '' extend in planes perpendicular to the straight lines and whose vertices (15a, 15b) are located in two parallel planes, the straight lines being wholly or partly grouped in a first and a second row (14a, 14b) parallel to these two planes and delimiting between them a space of a certain width (L), the first row (14a) of rectilinear streaks being in addition slightly at a distance from a first of the planes containing the vertices (15a) of the sinusoidal streaks. 2. Ossature métallique tridimensionnelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les sommets (15a, 15b) des filants sinusoïdaux (15) sont aplatis.2. Three-dimensional metal frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertices (15a, 15b) of the sinusoidal streaks (15) are flattened. 3. Ossature métallique tridimensionnelle selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième rangée (14b) de filants rectilignes s'étend dans le second des plans contenant les sommets (15b) des filants sinusoïdaux.3. Three-dimensional metal frame according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second row (14b) of straight lines extends in the second of the planes containing the vertices (15b) of sinusoidal lines. 4. Ossature métallique tridimensionnelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une troisième rangée (14c), parallèle aux deux premières, de filants rectilignes et parallèles, cette troisième rangée s'étendant dans ledit premier plan contenant les sommets (15a) des filants sinusoïdaux.4. Three-dimensional metal frame according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a third row (14c), parallel to the first two, of straight and parallel ribbing, this third row extending in said first plane containing the vertices (15a) of the sinusoidal streaks. 5. Elément de construction, notamment mur isothermique, bâti à partir d'une ossature tridimensionnelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 et comprenant une partie centrale (1) disposée entre deux revêtements de finition (2a, 2b ; 3a, 3b) et constituée par une paroi porteuse (4) en béton caverneux ou autre recouverte, sur l'une de ses faces, d'une couche d'isolation thermique (5), caractérisé en ce que l'ossature tridimensionnelle est partiellement noyée dans la paroi porteuse et en ce que ladite partie centrale occupe l'espace délimité par les première et deuxième rangées (14a, 14b) de filants rectilignes, les sommets (15a) des filants sinusoïdaux situés dans ledit premier plan,portant un premier revêtement de finition (3a, 3b), tandis que ceux (15b) qui sont situés dans ledit second plan portent le second revêtement de finition (2a, 2b), de sorte que le premier au moins de ces revêtements délimite une lame d'air (7) avec la partie centrale (1).5. Construction element, in particular isothermal wall, constructed from a three-dimensional framework according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and comprising a central part (1) disposed between two finishing coatings (2a, 2b; 3a, 3b ) and constituted by a load-bearing wall (4) of cavernous concrete or other covered, on one of its faces, with a layer of thermal insulation (5), characterized in that the three-dimensional framework is partially embedded in the load-bearing wall and in that said central part occupies the space delimited by the first and second rows (14a, 14b) of straight lines, the vertices (15a) of the sinusoidal lines located in said first plane, carrying a first finishing coating ( 3a, 3b), while those (15b) which are located in said second plane carry the second finishing coating (2a, 2b), so that at least the first of these coverings delimits an air space (7) with the central part (1). 6. Elément de construction selon la revendication 5, constituant un mur isothermique extérieur d'une habitation, caractérisé en ce que les filants rectilignes (14) de l'ossature (9) sont orientés selon une direction verticale et en ce que ledit premier revêtement de finition (3a, 3b) constitue le revêtement extérieur du mur, la couche d'isolation thermique (5) s'étendant entre la paroi porteuse (4) et la lame d'air (7) formée au ras de ce revêtement extérieur.6. Building element according to claim 5, constituting an isothermal wall outside of a house, characterized in that the straight lines (14) of the frame (9) are oriented in a vertical direction and in that said first coating finishing (3a, 3b) constitutes the external coating of the wall, the thermal insulation layer (5) extending between the load-bearing wall (4) and the air space (7) formed flush with this external coating. 7. Elément de construction selon la revendication 6-, caractérisé en ce que la lame d'air (7) est ouverte à sa base et communique par le haut, par exemple au travers d'une bouche d'aération, avec l'air extérieur.7. Building element according to claim 6 - , characterized in that the air space (7) is open at its base and communicates from above, for example through an air vent, with the air outside. 8. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une lame d'air supplémentaire (21) est ménagée dans la couche d'isolation thermique (5).8. Building element according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that at least one additional air space (21) is provided in the thermal insulation layer (5). 9. Elément de construction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'isolation thermique (5) est formée de plusieurs plaques d'isolant solide s'étendant parallèlement aux rangées de filants rectilignes (14) et en ce que la lame d'air supplémentaire (21) est délimitée par deux plaques d'isolant voisines,maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre par des tasseaux en bois (22) bloqués entre elles et parallèles aux filants rectilignes (14).9. Building element according to claim 8, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer (5) is formed by several plates of solid insulation extending parallel to the rows of straight lines (14) and in that the blade additional air (21) is delimited by two neighboring insulating plates, kept at a distance from each other by wooden battens (22) locked together and parallel to the straight lines (14). 10. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, bâti à partir d'une ossature telle que définie par la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, sur les filants rectilignes de la deuxième rangée (14b),est fixé un grillage à mailles serrées (10) servant de support pour le second revêtement de finition (2a, 2b).10. Building element according to any one of claims 5 to 9, constructed from a frame as defined by claim 3, characterized in that, on the straight lines of the second row (14b), is fixed a tight mesh screen (10) serving as a support for the second finishing coating (2a, 2b). 11. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, bâti à partir d'une ossature tridimensionnelle telle que définie par la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, sur les filants rectilignes de la troisième rangée (14c) est fixé un grillage à mailles serrées (13) servant de support pour le premier revêtement de finition (3a, 3b).11. Building element according to any one of claims 5 to 10, constructed from a three-dimensional framework as defined by claim 4, characterized in that, on the straight streaks of the third row (14c) is fixed a tight mesh screen (13) serving as a support for the first finishing coating (3a, 3b). 12. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un tasseau en bois est bloqué à l'intérieur de chaque groupe de sommets (15a) superposables des filants sinusoIdaux, situés dans ledit premier plan, ces tasseaux (12) recevant par clouage un revêtement en bois (3a), en aluminium ou en ardoise.12. Construction element according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that a wooden cleat is blocked inside each group of overlapping vertices (15a) of the sinusoidal streaks, located in said foreground, these cleats (12) receiving by nailing a wooden covering (3a), aluminum or slate. 13. Elément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'ossature (9) est consolidée par au moins une armature plane (16) reposant sur l'un des filants sinusoïdaux (15) et coincée entre les première et deuxième rangées (14a, 14b) de filants rectilignes.13. Construction element according to any one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the frame (9) is consolidated by at least one flat frame (16) resting on one of the sinusoidal strands (15) and wedged between the first and second rows (14a, 14b) of straight lines. 14. Elément de construction selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'armature est constituée par deux règles parallèles (17) reliées par des entretoises (18).14. Building element according to claim 13, characterized in that the frame is constituted by two parallel rules (17) connected by spacers (18). 15. Procédé de construction d'un mur isothermique extérieur d'une habitation, tel que défini par l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à bloquer des plaques d'isolant thermique entre les filants sinusoïdaux (15) de l'ossature et parallèlement aux filants rectilignes (14) de celle-ci pour former la couche d'isolation thermique (5), à agrafer le grillage (10) sur les filants rectilignes de la deuxième rangée (14b), à poser le revêtement intérieur de finition (2a, 2b) sur ce grillage, à poser le revêtement extérieur de finition (3a, 3b) sur les sommets correspondants des filants sinusoïdaux, à fixer l'ossature (9) sur un mur de soutènement en orientant ses filants rectilignes selon une direction verticale et en disposant la troisième rangée (14c) de ces filants du côté extérieur du mur et à couler du béton entre le revêtement intérieur (2a, 2b) et la couche d'isolation (5) de manière à former la paroi porteuse (4).15. A method of constructing an isothermal wall outside a dwelling, as defined by any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that it consists in blocking thermal insulation plates between the sinusoidal strands ( 15) of the framework and parallel to the straight lines (14) thereof to form the thermal insulation layer (5), stapling the mesh (10) on the straight lines of the second row (14b), lay the interior finish covering (2a, 2b) on this grid, lay the exterior finish covering (3a, 3b) on the corresponding vertices of the sinusoidal strands, fix the framework (9) on a retaining wall by orienting its straight lines in a vertical direction and by placing the third row (14c) of these lines on the outside of the wall and pouring concrete between the interior coating (2a, 2b) and the insulation layer (5) so as to form the supporting wall (4).
EP82400135A 1981-02-09 1982-01-25 Building element such as an isothermal wall made with a threedimensional reinforcement and process for making this wall Expired EP0059119B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82400135T ATE20766T1 (en) 1981-02-09 1982-01-25 CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT AND ISOTHERMAL WALL MANUFACTURED WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL REINFORCEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH WALL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8102514 1981-02-09
FR8102514A FR2499612B1 (en) 1981-02-09 1981-02-09 INDOOR AIR VACUUM CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTERIOR WALLS OF A HOUSE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059119A1 true EP0059119A1 (en) 1982-09-01
EP0059119B1 EP0059119B1 (en) 1986-07-16

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EP82400135A Expired EP0059119B1 (en) 1981-02-09 1982-01-25 Building element such as an isothermal wall made with a threedimensional reinforcement and process for making this wall

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US (1) US4530191A (en)
EP (1) EP0059119B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57146851A (en)
AT (1) ATE20766T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1165529A (en)
DE (1) DE3271962D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2499612B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3271962D1 (en) 1986-08-21
US4530191A (en) 1985-07-23
ATE20766T1 (en) 1986-08-15
JPS57146851A (en) 1982-09-10
FR2499612A1 (en) 1982-08-13
FR2499612B1 (en) 1986-05-30
EP0059119B1 (en) 1986-07-16
CA1165529A (en) 1984-04-17

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