EP0054536A2 - Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles - Google Patents

Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054536A2
EP0054536A2 EP81890196A EP81890196A EP0054536A2 EP 0054536 A2 EP0054536 A2 EP 0054536A2 EP 81890196 A EP81890196 A EP 81890196A EP 81890196 A EP81890196 A EP 81890196A EP 0054536 A2 EP0054536 A2 EP 0054536A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
disposable
shaft
knives
pressure plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81890196A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0054536A3 (en
EP0054536B1 (fr
Inventor
Gustav Marchard
Peter Schürer-Waldheim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Original Assignee
Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG filed Critical Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke AG
Publication of EP0054536A2 publication Critical patent/EP0054536A2/fr
Publication of EP0054536A3 publication Critical patent/EP0054536A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0054536B1 publication Critical patent/EP0054536B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/02—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools in the shape of long arbors, i.e. cylinder cutting blocks
    • B27G13/04—Securing the cutters by mechanical clamping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wood chopper device.
  • Such devices allow plastic parts, waste wood of all kinds, e.g. from furniture factories, from veneer processing, lumber, knotty wood, wood waste or the like. to be divided into particles of the desired size and crushed. You will e.g. used for the production of automatically combustible firewood, for wood shredding for the paper and pulp industry or for processing plastic.
  • wood choppers In contrast to wood cutting devices, in which the wood is usually shredded parallel to the wood fiber into chips, which are intended for the chipboard industry, for example, wood choppers are exposed to much tougher stresses.
  • the knives of such choppers must be able to shred the wood in any direction, i.e. diagonally or transversely to the fiber, also cut gnarled wooden parts, knots, pieces of bark or the like, and they should still work flawlessly and if possible without machine downtime , when wood is shredded, in which nails, screws, clamps or other metal parts from previous use may still be present, as can be the case with construction or furniture wood.
  • the knives of such wood choppers in particular are exposed to extraordinary loads, be it that the wood itself offers much more resistance to cutting, or that metal parts contained in the wood come into direct contact with the rapidly moving, usually rotating chopping knives, which then subjected to extraordinary stresses in terms of breaking strength and notch impact.
  • Wood choppers with rotating knives essentially use two basic types, namely those in which the knives are arranged on a rotating disk, and those in which the knives are arranged in recesses of a knife shaft formed by a rotating body, for example a cylinder, on the jacket thereof. Wood choppers with disk-shaped knife bodies are described, for example, in AT-PS 180 722 and 342 285. A wood chipper that is also capable of processing small pieces of waste wood, that is to say capable of chopping, is described in AT-PS 193 126, but this does not appear to be generally suitable for chopping waste wood, which can also contain metal parts.
  • So-called rotor chippers are commercially available, in which the waste wood is gripped between two conveyor belts, fed by these to the rotating knife roller and chopped there between the rotor knives and counter knives. The wood chips obtained then fall through a sieve equipped with blow bars and are removed pneumatically. All parts of the previously known wood chopper are built extremely robust in accordance with the high loads they can cope with, but especially the cleaver used on these machines, whose elongated blade with considerable "strength" for the most part is arranged in the recesses recessed at an angle to the surface of the knife roller, with only the area of the cutting edge located on the narrow side of the blade protruding beyond the jacket of the knife roller in a dimension adjusted to the chip size.
  • the chopper knives often have to be re-sharpened due to the extremely heavy use in operation. To do this, they have to be removed from the recess in the knife shaft, then ground and finally reinstalled. In addition to the relatively high outlay in the production of the previously customary robust, large, regrindable knives, the effort involved in regrinding these knives is a cost factor that should not be underestimated. Furthermore, the shaft must be balanced with the reground knives.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the time-consuming regrinding of the chopping knives in wood choppers without the use of the hitherto conventional, robust knives and to create a wood chopper in whose knife shaft is cheap, e.g. Knives to be manufactured can be used in mass production, and in which, in the event of damage or dulling of the knives, only a brief replacement is necessary.
  • Knives to be manufactured can be used in mass production, and in which, in the event of damage or dulling of the knives, only a brief replacement is necessary.
  • In wood-cutting machines in which the wood is always cut into chips approximately parallel to the fibers and therefore the stress on the knives is only a fraction of the stress on wood chopper knives, disposable knives that have been easy to manufacture have been used for some time, and after they become blunt with new knives be replaced. These disposable knives are significantly thinner than the regrindable knives previously used for wood chippers and the size of the blade is also significantly smaller.
  • the invention accordingly relates to a device for producing fuel chips from combustible piece goods with a housing which has a feed opening for the piece goods to be comminuted and an outlet opening for the chips, a rotating knife shaft which has knives arranged in recesses and fastened by means of wedges and knife holders which cooperate with at least one blow bar or the like, which is arranged at a distance from the shaft, which is characterized in that the knives are formed by disposable knives held in a form-fitting manner by knife holders arranged in the recesses of the knife shaft.
  • the disposable knives are held in a form-fitting manner by the knife holder, the disposable knives always come into the desired position and have the required board in relation to the knife shaft. Furthermore, an optimal transmission of the forces from the knife to the knife shaft is guaranteed, so that the knives can withstand even the strongest mechanical loads.
  • the knife holder is formed from a knife holder with spring or bolt and a pressure plate, preferably with chip guide, which holds the disposable knife in a step-shaped recess or with a stop.
  • This design of the knife holder enables the disposable knives to be exchanged particularly quickly, the chip guide on the pressure plate preventing premature penetration of the piece goods to be shredded between the knife and the pressure plate.
  • the knife carrier arranged in the recess of the knife shaft viewed in the direction of rotation of the knife shaft, is arranged behind the disposable knife pressed against it by the pressure plate, preferably with a clamping wedge, an arrangement is created which is suitable for replacing the regrindable knife of a knife shaft .
  • the knife holder carrying the disposable knife is arranged in an elongated recess which penetrates the knife shaft approximately in a secant-like manner and extends essentially through the knife shaft, the knife holder on the opposite side of the knife can also be adjusted in such a way that disposable knives are already inserted so that the desired board , based on the surface of the shaft, can be easily readjusted.
  • the disposable assembly consisting of the knife holder, pressure plate and the disposable knife arranged in the upper area of the knife holder between the pressure plate and knife holder in its recess, for example by means of a groove, pin or pin, in its overall contour essentially the outline of the previously used installation group consisting of regrindable knife and Knife holder, so a problem-free replacement of the regrindable knife is made possible, the disadvantages of a sharpenable knife, such as long assembly times, shaft imbalance, etc., are easily avoidable.
  • the knife carrier is made of a tough, high strength metal, preferably tempered steel with a wear-resistant, for example nitrided surface
  • the knife carrier can absorb particularly high forces, as is not the case, for example, with a regrindable knife, while at the same time keeping the surface wear low can be.
  • the disposable knives are made of hardened steel and additionally hardened on their cutting edges, even if their cutting edges sometimes have nicks, they can still have a high level of sharpness, since the pieces that are broken out of the cutting edge are sharp-edged, so that the knife is on this point again has a cutting edge.
  • the pressure plate which is preferably made of hardened steel, has a concavely curved surface on the front, which is guided against the cutting edge of the disposable knife - and its upper end ends just below the cutting edge of the disposable knife, particularly good guidance of the shredded piece goods is possible, while at the same time Penetration between the knife and pressure plate is effectively prevented even over long periods of time, which ensures that the disposable knives fit perfectly without vibrating.
  • the knife holder is provided with a bevelled surface at its upper end, which is offset against the inclined surface behind the cutting edge of the disposable knife, the knife blade is particularly vibration-free in the knife holder, since it is difficult to cut it between the disposable knife and knife holder can deposit nernen good, while the required stability is still guaranteed.
  • the knife holder adjustable with the knife shaft e.g. via a set screw and connected independently of the clamping wedge, e.g. screwed, so a particularly quick and easy replacement of the disposable blade can be carried out, the disposable knife always being in the exact required position and any imbalance that leads to high stresses on the bearing and possibly the coupling between the shaft and the motor can be avoided.
  • the knife holder, pressure plate and clamping wedge can be made particularly small, which on the one hand provides easy manipulation and on the other hand the replacement parts do not have to be made in a material-intensive manner.
  • the upper part of the knife holder 1 is pressed against the chest of the blade of the knife 2 by means of the clamping wedge 6 arranged in a trapezoidal, recess 7 connected to the groove 4, connected to the groove 4, having a spring-like design and having an approximately trapezoidal cross section is pressed with its back against the wall of the recess 4 of the knife shaft 5.
  • a recess 1b is provided against the clamping wedge 6, into which a projection 6a projects on the clamping wedge. This ensures that, even if the clamping wedge 6 should not be firmly seated, the knife holder 1 and the knife are prevented from being thrown out when the knife shaft rotates.
  • the knife arrangement of a wood chopper according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 partially corresponds to that according to FIG. 1 and the same reference numerals designate the same or similar parts.
  • the arrow x indicates the direction of rotation.
  • the knife holder of this arrangement is divided and consists of the knife holder 1, which has a detachably connected to it, L-shaped attachment 1a at the lower end and corresponds to the function according to the knife holder that has been customary to date. Essentially, it takes the place of the previous regrindable knife and rests with its back against the rear wall of the secant-like recess 4 in the knife shaft 5.
  • the knife carrier 1 has in its upper part a step-shaped recess 1e for receiving the disposable knife 2.
  • the disposable knife 2 practically only has the pure function of cutting or chopping, wah rend the knife holder 1, the beveled, behind the disposable knife 2 located top against the slope of the cutting edge of the knife only a little, for example 0.5 - 2 mm, takes over the strength function.
  • the knife carrier 1 absorbs practically all impacts and loads acting on the knife during chopping, which previously had to take over the robustly built blades of the regrindable knife itself.
  • the pressure plate 3 engaging by means of a recess 3a in a projection 1c of the front of the knife holder 1, which is pressed against the chest of the disposable knife by means of a clamping wedge 6 2 is pressed, which itself is held in position by the pin 1d (a tongue or groove can also be provided with the appropriate design) of the knife holder and is itself pressed against the front of the knife holder 1.
  • the pin 1d a tongue or groove can also be provided with the appropriate design
  • the disposable knife 2 held in position by means of a pin or pin 1d and with its cutting edge just above the contour of the knife carrier 1 is inserted, which is pressed against the rear wall of the step-shaped by means of the pressure plate 3 pressed by the clamping wedge 6 Recess 1e of the knife holder 1 for receiving the disposable knife 2 is pressed.
  • the pressure plates of the embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 4 have on their front side a concavely curved chip discharge surface which is guided against the cutting edge of the disposable knife 1.
  • the upper end of the pressure plate 3 extends beyond the generatrix of the knife shaft jacket and ends just below, for example 1-5 mm, below the cutting edge of the disposable knife 2, in this way protecting the knife optimally against loads.
  • the thickness of the blade of the disposable knife is approximately 1.5 - 4 mm, the length of the knife, for example, 25 - 50 mm.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
EP19810890196 1980-12-12 1981-12-07 Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles Expired EP0054536B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT6039/80 1980-12-12
AT0603980A AT368434B (de) 1980-12-12 1980-12-12 Vorrichtung zur erzeugung von brennspaenen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054536A2 true EP0054536A2 (fr) 1982-06-23
EP0054536A3 EP0054536A3 (en) 1982-09-15
EP0054536B1 EP0054536B1 (fr) 1986-05-07

Family

ID=3582252

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810890196 Expired EP0054536B1 (fr) 1980-12-12 1981-12-07 Dispositif de morcellement de matériaux combustibles

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0054536B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT368434B (fr)
DE (1) DE3174587D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0960706A1 (fr) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-01 Böhler Miller Messer und Sägen GmbH Montage de couteaux-peignes jetables dans un cylindre porte-lame
CH709488A1 (de) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Oertli Werkzeuge Ag Werkzeugkopf und Verfahren zum Einsetzen und Spannen einer Schneidplatte, sowie Schneidplatte.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR681664A (fr) * 1929-09-12 1930-05-17 Perfectionnements aux arbres à couteaux des machines à raboter le bois
DE1190164B (de) * 1957-06-21 1965-04-01 Paul Kirsten Dr Ing Messerwelle fuer Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen, insbesondere Holzzerspanungsmaschinen
DE2618254A1 (de) * 1976-04-27 1977-11-10 Jenz Masch & Fahrzeug Hans Messertrommel, insbesondere fuer hackmaschinen zur zerkleinerung von hoelzern und abfaellen
DE2739749B1 (de) * 1977-09-03 1978-10-19 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer Holzzerspanungsmaschinen
CH619880A5 (en) * 1976-01-29 1980-10-31 Ledermann & Co Built-in holder with a cutting tool, arranged in a groove of a rotating tool body, in particular a milling tool

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR681664A (fr) * 1929-09-12 1930-05-17 Perfectionnements aux arbres à couteaux des machines à raboter le bois
DE1190164B (de) * 1957-06-21 1965-04-01 Paul Kirsten Dr Ing Messerwelle fuer Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen, insbesondere Holzzerspanungsmaschinen
CH619880A5 (en) * 1976-01-29 1980-10-31 Ledermann & Co Built-in holder with a cutting tool, arranged in a groove of a rotating tool body, in particular a milling tool
DE2618254A1 (de) * 1976-04-27 1977-11-10 Jenz Masch & Fahrzeug Hans Messertrommel, insbesondere fuer hackmaschinen zur zerkleinerung von hoelzern und abfaellen
DE2739749B1 (de) * 1977-09-03 1978-10-19 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer Holzzerspanungsmaschinen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0960706A1 (fr) * 1998-05-28 1999-12-01 Böhler Miller Messer und Sägen GmbH Montage de couteaux-peignes jetables dans un cylindre porte-lame
CH709488A1 (de) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Oertli Werkzeuge Ag Werkzeugkopf und Verfahren zum Einsetzen und Spannen einer Schneidplatte, sowie Schneidplatte.
WO2015157871A3 (fr) * 2014-04-14 2015-12-03 Oertli Werkzeuge Ag Tête d'outil et procédé pour la mise en place et le serrage d'une plaquette de coupe ainsi que plaquette de coupe
US11298851B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2022-04-12 Oertli Werkzeuge Ag Tool head and method for inserting and clamping a cutting insert, and cutting insert

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT368434B (de) 1982-10-11
EP0054536A3 (en) 1982-09-15
DE3174587D1 (en) 1986-06-12
ATA603980A (de) 1982-02-15
EP0054536B1 (fr) 1986-05-07

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