EP0052263A1 - Device to keep track-bound vehicles at a distance from one another - Google Patents

Device to keep track-bound vehicles at a distance from one another Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052263A1
EP0052263A1 EP81108920A EP81108920A EP0052263A1 EP 0052263 A1 EP0052263 A1 EP 0052263A1 EP 81108920 A EP81108920 A EP 81108920A EP 81108920 A EP81108920 A EP 81108920A EP 0052263 A1 EP0052263 A1 EP 0052263A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
vehicles
vehicle
distance
transmitter
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Granted
Application number
EP81108920A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0052263B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Schick
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Digitron AG
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Inventio AG
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Priority to AT81108920T priority Critical patent/ATE17285T1/en
Publication of EP0052263A1 publication Critical patent/EP0052263A1/en
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Publication of EP0052263B1 publication Critical patent/EP0052263B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/34—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for indicating the distance between vehicles or trains by the transmission of signals therebetween
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S367/00—Communications, electrical: acoustic wave systems and devices
    • Y10S367/909—Collision avoidance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for keeping track-bound vehicles with light transmitters radiating in the opposite direction to the direction of travel and with light receivers receiving from the front in the direction of travel, which device uses a drive control to reduce the speed of a vehicle with decreasing distance from the vehicle immediately ahead, the distance due to received light signals is determined.
  • the device requires elaborate, fixed installations to keep the distance.
  • the fixed installations consist of the guide cable laid in the carriageway and the associated control devices.
  • the control devices must be provided in such a way that the control impulse with respect to the direction of travel of the vehicles propagates in the same direction on each section of the roadway, because the transit times of the impulses in the guide cable and in the air are to be added or subtracted depending on the direction of the direction.
  • the parts of the device arranged on the vehicles are complex because the times to be evaluated between the pulses are short due to the very high propagation speeds. The device does not reliably evaluate the short times between the pulses if the pulses are distorted or if the times are very short, the distortions of the pulses increasing with increasing roadway length or guide cable length and the times between the pulses decreasing with decreasing distance.
  • the invention has for its object a relatively simple device for keeping track of tracks to propose those vehicles that function reliably on roads of any length, that can be operated without fixed installations and whose reliability increases with decreasing distance.
  • the object is achieved in that a light transmitter, which works with modulated light and emits evenly in any direction sideways and backwards, is arranged on the rear of the vehicles, and a light demodulating received in any direction from the sides and from the front on the vehicles Light receiver is arranged and that the drive control reduces the speed of the vehicle with increasing received light intensity.
  • FIG. 1 denotes a battery-operated vehicle of an industrial conveyor system, which can move forwards and backwards on a carriageway 2 by means of wheels 3, 4.
  • a guide cable 5 can be laid in the underlay of the roadway 2, which cooperates with steering devices of the vehicle 1 (not shown in more detail).
  • load suspension means 6 On the top of the vehicle 1 there are load suspension means 6, which can be designed differently depending on the type of loads to be transported.
  • light transmitters and light receivers for both directions of travel are arranged in dustproof glass housings 7, 8.
  • Metal housings 9, 10 are provided directly under the glass housings 7, 8, and described in more detail using the block diagram in FIG. 2 include electrical devices of the light transmitter and the light receiver.
  • Under the metal housings 9, 10 there are safety contacts embedded in rubber beads 11, 12 which switch off the drive of the vehicle 1 in the event of a collision.
  • FIG. 2 denotes a control circuit, to which four items of information AHE, AHL, AHR, AHT originating from a drive control of vehicle 1, which is not explained in more detail with 21, are present and which generates five output signals EL, ER, SL, SR, ST .
  • the output signals EL, ER are fed to a light receiver denoted by 22, while the output signals SL, SR, ST are fed to a light transmitter denoted by 23, the light receiver 22 and the light transmitter 23 being arranged at the same vehicle end.
  • the output signals EL, ER are present in the light receiver 22 on the one hand both on a first display device 24 optically indicating the operating mode of the light receiver 22 and on the other hand individually on the control inputs of a first and a second electronic switching device 25, 26, with the contacts of the first and the second Switching device 25, 26 two infrared light-sensitive diodes 27, 28 can be connected in parallel to a capacitor of a resonant circuit 29.
  • the two light-sensitive diodes 27, 28 are at the same angle in a horizontal plane arranged opposite to the direction of travel such that the light receiver 22 receives light in any direction from the sides and from the front.
  • the resonance circuit 29 consisting of a parallel connection of a capacitor, a coil and a resistor is connected to an amplifier 30.
  • the output of amplifier 30 is connected to the input of a demodulator 31.
  • the output signal denoted by AH of the demodulator 31 is proportional to the received light intensity and is supplied to the drive control 21 for influencing the driving speed of the vehicle
  • the output signals SL, SR, ST of the control circuit 20 are supplied in the light transmitter 23 on the one hand to a second display device 32 optically indicating the operating mode of the light transmitter 23.
  • the signal ST is present at the control input of a controllable current source 33, the signal SL at the control input of a third electronic switching device 34 and the signal SR at the control input of a fourth electronic switching device 35.
  • the controllable current source 33 feeds a series circuit 36 of twelve infrared light-emitting diodes, only four of the twelve light-emitting diodes being shown.
  • the light-emitting diodes are arranged in a fan shape in a horizontal plane in such a way that the light transmitter 23 emits light uniformly in any direction sideways and backwards.
  • the contact of the third switching device 34 is parallel to the six light-emitting diodes shining to the left of the series circuit 36 is connected, while the contact of the fourth switching device 35 is connected in parallel to the six light-emitting diodes of the series circuit 36 which shine to the right.
  • the light-emitting diodes of the series circuits 36 are not short-circuited by means of the third and fourth switching devices 34, 35, whereby both partial angles of the light transmitters 23 arranged at the rear are released.
  • the signals ST like the information AHT, change from “0" to "1” and vice versa at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz, which is why the controllable current sources 33 feed the light-emitting diodes of the series circuits 36 with a current that changes in the same cycle.
  • the light transmitters 23 emit modulated infrared light in accordance with the schematically represented transmission characteristics 44, the intensity of the light being proportional to the reciprocal of the distance square.
  • the light-sensitive diodes 27, 28 are connected in parallel with the capacitors of the resonance circuits 29 by means of the first and second switching devices 25, 26, whereby both partial angles of the light receivers 22 arranged at the front are switched on, as is shown schematically by means of reception characteristics 45 is shown.
  • Voltages are present at the light-sensitive diodes 27, 28, which consist of direct voltage components and alternating voltage components.
  • the resonant circuits 29 detuned with respect to the modulation frequency by a certain amount convey the alternating voltage components changing with the modulation frequency as received signals to the amplifiers 30 with a signal attenuation given by the detuning. With increasing ambient light levels, the AC voltage components decrease due to the reduced sensitivity of the diodes 27, 28.
  • the DC voltage components at the diodes 27, 28 decrease, the barrier layer capacitances of the diodes 27, 28 increasing.
  • the increasing junction capacitance of the diodes 27, 28 cause the detuning of the resonant circuits 29 to decrease, as a result of which the decreasing sensitivity of the diodes 27, 28 is compensated for by decreasing signal attenuation of the resonant circuits 29.
  • the received signals are amplified by the amplifiers 30 and demodulated by the demodulators 31.
  • the one at the exits of the demodula gates 31 occurring signals AH are dependent on the distances d.
  • the drive controller 21 of a vehicle 41, 42 determines a distance value d1 or d2 in accordance with the course of the curve 46 shown in broken lines in FIG.
  • the determined value d1 or d2 can deviate from the existing distance d, the limits of the possible deviation range ⁇ d1 or ⁇ d2 being represented by curves 47, 48. It can be seen from the curves 46, 47, 48 that the range ⁇ d1, ⁇ d2 becomes narrower with a decreasing distance value d1, d2 because the curves 46, 47, 48 are steeper with a decreasing distance d. As a result, the reliability of the device increases as the distance d decreases.
  • the determined distance value d1 or d2 is used by the drive controller 21 to control the driving speed.
  • FIG. 5 two vehicles driving forward on a curved route 51 are designated 52 and 53. Since there are no adjacent lanes, the information and the signals have the same values as for the vehicles 41, 42 in FIG. 3.
  • the reception characteristics 54 and transmission characteristics 55 which are unchanged compared to FIG worked.
  • FIG. 6 two vehicles driving forward on a straight line 61 are identified by 62 and 63.
  • the device according to the invention it is advantageous to provide the same devices at the front and rear on vehicles moving forwards and backwards, the information AHL and AHR being fed back to the rear devices and the information AHE being supplied to the rear devices via a device provided in the devices optionally switchable NOT link is fed.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH81/00114 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 14, 1982 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 14, 1982 PCT Filed Oct. 16, 1981.The equipment for maintaining the spacing of track-bound vehicles (1) shall prevent collisions of the vehicles (1). For this, light emitters radiating rearwardly and laterally in desired directions are provided at the rear on the vehicles (1) and light receivers receiving from in front and from the sides in desired directions are provided at the front on the vehicles (1). A drive control reduces the speed of a vehicle (1) with increasing received light intensity, i.e. with decreasing spacing from the vehicle (1) travelling immediately ahead. The equipment is usable for floor conveying plants with vehicles (1) travelling at small spacings one behind the other. An embodiment of the equipment is suitable for vehicles (1) travelling forwardly and rearwardly. A further embodiment of the equipment is suitable for vehicles (1) on neighboring travel paths. Special measures are provided for compensation of the influences of ambient light.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Abstandhaltung von spurgebundenen Fahrzeugen mit entgegen der Fahrtrichtung nach hinten strahlenden Lichtsendern und mit in Fahrtrichtung von vorne empfangenden Lichtempfängern, welche Einrichtung mittels einer Antriebssteuerung die Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs mit abnehmendem Abstand zum unmittelbar vorausfahrenden Fahrzeug verringert, wobei der Abstand aufgrund der empfangenen Lichtsignale ermittelt ist.The invention relates to a device for keeping track-bound vehicles with light transmitters radiating in the opposite direction to the direction of travel and with light receivers receiving from the front in the direction of travel, which device uses a drive control to reduce the speed of a vehicle with decreasing distance from the vehicle immediately ahead, the distance due to received light signals is determined.

Aus der DE-OS 26 46 587 ist eine derartige Einrichtung für mittels eines Leitkabels automatisch lenkbare Fahrzeuge bekannt. Das Leitkabel ist in der Fahrbahn verlegt und wird zur Abstandhaltung der Fahrzeuge in regelmässigen Zeitabständen mit einem Steuerimpuls versorgt. Der Steuerimpuls breitet sich längs des Leitkabels aus und bewirkt beim Erreichen eines Fahrzeugs die Aussendung eines Lichtimpulses entgegen der Fahrtrichtung. Auf dem nachfolgenden Fahrzeug wird der Steuerimpuls und der vom vorausfahrenden Fahrzeug stammende Lichtimpuls detektiert und wird aufgrund der Zeit zwischen den Impulsen der Abstand ermittelt.From DE-OS 26 46 587 such a device for vehicles automatically steerable by means of a guide cable is known. The guide cable is laid in the lane and is supplied with a control pulse at regular intervals to keep the vehicles at a safe distance. The control pulse spreads along the guide cable and causes a light pulse to be emitted against the direction of travel when a vehicle is reached. On the The control pulse and the light pulse originating from the preceding vehicle are detected in the following vehicle and the distance is determined on the basis of the time between the pulses.

Die Einrichtung benötigt zur Abstandhaltung aufwendige ortsfeste Installationen. Die ortsfesten Installationen bestehen aus dem in der Fahrbahn verlegten Leitkabel und aus den dazugehörigen Ansteuervorrichtungen. Die Ansteuervorrichtungen müssen derart vorgesehen sein, dass sich der Steuerimpuls bezüglich der Fahrtrichtung der Fahrzeuge auf jedem Fahrbahnstück in einem gleichen Richtungssinn fortpflanzt, weil die Laufzeiten der Impulse im Leitkabel und in der Luft je nach Richtungssinn zu addieren oder zu subtrahieren sind. Die auf den Fahrzeugen angeordneten Teile der Einrichtung sind aufwendig, weil die auszuwertenden Zeiten zwischen den Impulsen infolge der sehr hohen Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeiten kurz sind. Die Einrichtung wertet die kurzen Zeiten zwischen den Impulsen nicht zuverlässig aus, falls die Impulse verzerrt sind oder falls die Zeiten sehr kurz sind, wobei die Verzerrungen der Impulse mit zunehmender Fahrbahnlänge bzw. Leitkabellänge zunehmen und wobei die Zeiten zwischen den Impulsen mit abnehmendem Abstand abnehmen.The device requires elaborate, fixed installations to keep the distance. The fixed installations consist of the guide cable laid in the carriageway and the associated control devices. The control devices must be provided in such a way that the control impulse with respect to the direction of travel of the vehicles propagates in the same direction on each section of the roadway, because the transit times of the impulses in the guide cable and in the air are to be added or subtracted depending on the direction of the direction. The parts of the device arranged on the vehicles are complex because the times to be evaluated between the pulses are short due to the very high propagation speeds. The device does not reliably evaluate the short times between the pulses if the pulses are distorted or if the times are very short, the distortions of the pulses increasing with increasing roadway length or guide cable length and the times between the pulses decreasing with decreasing distance.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine relativ einfache Einrichtung zur Abstandhaltung von spurgebundenen Fahrzeugen vorzuschlagen, welche auf beliebig langen Fahrbahnen zuverlässig funktioniert, welche ohne ortsfeste Installationen betrieben werden kann und deren Zuverlässigkeit mit abnehmendem Abstand zunimmt.The invention has for its object a relatively simple device for keeping track of tracks to propose those vehicles that function reliably on roads of any length, that can be operated without fixed installations and whose reliability increases with decreasing distance.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass hinten auf den Fahrzeugen ein, in beliebigen Richtungen seitwärts und rückwärts gleichmässig abstrahlender, mit moduliertem Licht arbeitender Lichtsender angeordnet ist, dass vorne auf den Fahrzeugen ein in beliebigen Richtungen von den Seiten und von vorne empfangender, Licht demodulierender Lichtempfänger angeordnet ist und dass die Antriebssteuerung die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs mit zunehmender empfangener Lichtintensität verringert.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that a light transmitter, which works with modulated light and emits evenly in any direction sideways and backwards, is arranged on the rear of the vehicles, and a light demodulating received in any direction from the sides and from the front on the vehicles Light receiver is arranged and that the drive control reduces the speed of the vehicle with increasing received light intensity.

Auf beiliegender Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt, das im folgenden näher erläutert wird. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein vorwärts und rückwärts bewegliches Fahrzeug mit beidseits vorgesehenen Lichtsendern und Lichtempfängern im Seitenriss,
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild eines an einem Fahrzeugende angeordneten Lichtsenders und eines am gleichen Fahrzeugende angeordneten Lichtempfängers,
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung zweier Fahrzeuge auf gerader Strecke im Grundriss,
  • Fig. 4 eine Darstellung der Abhängigkeit eines Signals AH von einem Abstand d,
  • Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung zweier Fahrzeuge auf gekrümmter Strecke im Grundriss und
  • Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung dreier Fahrzeuge auf benachbarten geraden Strecken im Grundriss.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which is explained in more detail below. It shows:
  • 1 is a forward and backward moving vehicle with light transmitters and light receivers provided on both sides in side elevation,
  • 2 shows a block diagram of a light transmitter arranged at one vehicle end and a light receiver arranged at the same vehicle end,
  • 3 is a schematic representation of two vehicles on a straight route in the plan,
  • 4 shows the dependence of a signal AH on a distance d,
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of two vehicles on a curved route in plan and
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of three vehicles on adjacent straight lines in plan.

In der Figur 1 ist mit 1 ein batteriebetriebenes Fahrzeug einer Flurförderanlage bezeichnet, welches sich auf einer Fahrbahn 2 mittels Rädern 3, 4 vorwärts und rückwärts bewegen kann. In der Unterlage der Fahrbahn 2 kann zum automatischen Lenken des Fahrzeugs 1 ein Leitkabel 5 verlegt sein, welches mit nicht näher dargestellten Lenkeinrichtungen des Fahrzeugs 1 zusammenwirkt. An der Oberseite des Fahrzeugs 1 befinden sich Lastaufnahmemittel 6, welche entsprechend der Art der zu beförder,nden Lasten verschieden ausgebildet sein können. Vorne und hinten am Fahrzeug 1 sind in staubdichten Glasgehäusen 7, 8 Lichtsender und Lichtempfänger für beide Fahrtrichtungen angeordnet. Direkt unter den Glasgehäusen 7, 8 sind Metallgehäuse 9, 10 vorgesehen, welche die an Hand des Blockschaltbilds in Figur 2 näher beschriebenen elektrischen Vorrichtungen der Lichtsender und der Lichtempfänger enthalten. Unter den Metallgehäusen 9, 10 befinden sich in Gummiwülste 11, 12 eingebettete Sicherheitskontakte, welche den Antrieb des Fahrzeugs 1 bei Zusammenstössen ausschalten.In FIG. 1, 1 denotes a battery-operated vehicle of an industrial conveyor system, which can move forwards and backwards on a carriageway 2 by means of wheels 3, 4. In order to automatically steer the vehicle 1, a guide cable 5 can be laid in the underlay of the roadway 2, which cooperates with steering devices of the vehicle 1 (not shown in more detail). On the top of the vehicle 1 there are load suspension means 6, which can be designed differently depending on the type of loads to be transported. At the front and rear of the vehicle 1, light transmitters and light receivers for both directions of travel are arranged in dustproof glass housings 7, 8. Metal housings 9, 10 are provided directly under the glass housings 7, 8, and described in more detail using the block diagram in FIG. 2 include electrical devices of the light transmitter and the light receiver. Under the metal housings 9, 10 there are safety contacts embedded in rubber beads 11, 12 which switch off the drive of the vehicle 1 in the event of a collision.

Mit 20 ist in der Figur 2 ein Steuerkreis bezeichnet, an welchem vier von einer nicht näher erläuterten mit 21 bezeichneten Antriebssteuerung des Fahrzeugs 1 stammende Informationen AHE, AHL, AHR, AHT anliegen und welcher fünf Ausgangssignale EL, ER,SL,SR, ST erzeugt. Die Ausgangssignale EL, ER sind einem mit 22 bezeichneten Lichtempfänger zugeführt, während die Ausgangssignale SL, SR, ST einem mit 23 bezeichneten Lichtsender zugeführt sind, wobei der Lichtempfänger 22 und der Lichtsender 23 an einem gleichen Fahrzeugende angeordnet sind.20 in FIG. 2 denotes a control circuit, to which four items of information AHE, AHL, AHR, AHT originating from a drive control of vehicle 1, which is not explained in more detail with 21, are present and which generates five output signals EL, ER, SL, SR, ST . The output signals EL, ER are fed to a light receiver denoted by 22, while the output signals SL, SR, ST are fed to a light transmitter denoted by 23, the light receiver 22 and the light transmitter 23 being arranged at the same vehicle end.

Die Ausgangssignale EL, ER liegen im Lichtempfänger 22 einerseits beide an einer die Betriebsart des Lichtempfängers 22 optisch anzeigenden ersten Anzeigevorrichtung 24 und andererseits einzeln an den Steuereingängen einer ersten und einer zweiten elektronischen Schaltvorrichtung 25, 26 an, wobei mittels der Kontakte der ersten und der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 25, 26 zwei infrarot-lichtempflindliche Dioden 27, 28 parallel zu einem Kondensator eines Resonanzkreises 29 schaltbar sind. Die zwei lichtempflindlichen Dioden 27, 28 sind in einer waagrechten Ebene in einem gleichen Winkel gegenüber der Fahrtrichtung derart angeordnet, dass der Lichtempfänger 22 in beliebigen Richtungen von den Seiten und von vorne Licht empfängt. Der aus einer Parallelschaltung eines Kondensators, einer Spule und eines Widerstands bestehende Resonanzkreis 29 ist mit einem Verstärker 30 verbunden. Der Ausgang des Verstärkers 30 ist mit dem Eingang eines Demodulators 31 verbunden. Das mit AH bezeichnete Ausgangssignal des Demodulators 31 ist der empfangenen Lichtintensität proportional und ist der Antriebssteuerung 21 zum Beeinflussen der Fahrtgeschwiridigkeit des Fahrzeugs 1 zugeführt.The output signals EL, ER are present in the light receiver 22 on the one hand both on a first display device 24 optically indicating the operating mode of the light receiver 22 and on the other hand individually on the control inputs of a first and a second electronic switching device 25, 26, with the contacts of the first and the second Switching device 25, 26 two infrared light-sensitive diodes 27, 28 can be connected in parallel to a capacitor of a resonant circuit 29. The two light-sensitive diodes 27, 28 are at the same angle in a horizontal plane arranged opposite to the direction of travel such that the light receiver 22 receives light in any direction from the sides and from the front. The resonance circuit 29 consisting of a parallel connection of a capacitor, a coil and a resistor is connected to an amplifier 30. The output of amplifier 30 is connected to the input of a demodulator 31. The output signal denoted by AH of the demodulator 31 is proportional to the received light intensity and is supplied to the drive control 21 for influencing the driving speed of the vehicle 1.

Die Ausgangssignale SL, SR, ST des Steuerkreises 20 sind im Lichtsender 23 einerseits einer die Betriebsart des Lichtsenders 23 optisch anzeigenden zweiten Anzeigevorrichtung 32 zugeführt. Andererseits liegt das Signal ST am Steuereingang einer steuerbaren Stromquelle 33, das Signal SL am Steuereingang einer dritten elektronischen Schaltvorrichtung 34 und das Signal SR am Steuereingang einer vierten elektronischen Schaltvorrichtung 35 an. Die steuerbare Stromquelle 33 speist eine Serieschaltung 36 von zwölf Infrarotleuchtdioden, wobei von den zwölf Leuchtdioden nur vier dargestellt sind. Die Leuchtdioden sind in einer horizontalen Ebene derart fächerförmig angeordnet, dass der Lichtsender 23 in beliebigen Richtungen seitwärts und rückwärts gleichmässig Licht abstrahlt. Der Kontakt der dritten Schaltvorrichtung 34 ist parallel zu den sechs nach links strahlenden Leuchtdioden der Serieschaltung 36 geschaltet, während der Kontakt der vierten Schaltvorrichtung 35 parallel zu den sechs nach rechts strahlenden Leuchtdioden der Serieschaltung 36 geschaltet ist.The output signals SL, SR, ST of the control circuit 20 are supplied in the light transmitter 23 on the one hand to a second display device 32 optically indicating the operating mode of the light transmitter 23. On the other hand, the signal ST is present at the control input of a controllable current source 33, the signal SL at the control input of a third electronic switching device 34 and the signal SR at the control input of a fourth electronic switching device 35. The controllable current source 33 feeds a series circuit 36 of twelve infrared light-emitting diodes, only four of the twelve light-emitting diodes being shown. The light-emitting diodes are arranged in a fan shape in a horizontal plane in such a way that the light transmitter 23 emits light uniformly in any direction sideways and backwards. The contact of the third switching device 34 is parallel to the six light-emitting diodes shining to the left of the series circuit 36 is connected, while the contact of the fourth switching device 35 is connected in parallel to the six light-emitting diodes of the series circuit 36 which shine to the right.

Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung aufgeführten digitalen Signale beziehungsweise Informationen können zwei üblicherweise mit "0" und "1" bezeichnete Werte annehmen. Es bedeutet:

  • AHE eine von der Antriebssteuerung 21 erzeugte Information, welche bei Vorwärtsfahrt den Wert AHE = 0 und bei Rückwärtsfahrt den Wert AHE = 1 annimmt,
  • AHL eine von der Antriebssteuerung 21 erzeugte Information, welche beim Vorhandensein einer benachbarten Fahrbahn links des Fahrzeugs 1 den Wert AHL = 1 und sonst den Wert AHL = 0 annimmt,
  • AHR eine von der Antriebssteuerung 21 erzeugte Information, welche beim Vorhandensein einer benachbarten Fahrbahn rechts des Fahrzeugs 1 den Wert AHR = 1 und sonst den Wert AHR = 0 annimmt,
  • AHT eine von der Antriebssteuerung 21 mittels eines quarzgesteuerten Generators erzeugte, periodisch ändernde Taktinformation,
  • EL ein mit EL = 0 den linken Teilwinkel eines Lichtempfängers 22 einschaltendes Ausgangssignal des Steuerkreises 20,
  • ER ein mit ER = 0 den rechten Teilwinkel eines Lichtempfängers 22 einschaltendes Ausgangssignal des Steuerkreises 20,
  • SL ein mit SL = 0 den linken Teilwinkel eines Lichtsenders 23 freigebendes Ausgangssignal des Steuerkreises 20,
  • SR ein mit SR = 0 den rechten Teilwinkel eines Lichtsenders 23 freigebendes Ausgangssignal des Steuerkreises 20 und
  • ST ein mit ST = 0 einen Lichtsender 23 einschaltendes Ausgangssignal des Steuerkreises 20.
The digital signals or information listed in the above description can assume two values, usually denoted by “0” and “1”. It means:
  • AHE is information generated by the drive control 21, which assumes the value AHE = 0 when driving forward and the value AHE = 1 when driving backwards,
  • AHL is information generated by the drive control 21, which assumes the value AHL = 1 and otherwise the value AHL = 0 if there is an adjacent lane to the left of the vehicle 1,
  • AHR information generated by the drive controller 21, which assumes the value AHR = 1 and otherwise the value AHR = 0 if an adjacent lane to the right of the vehicle 1 is present,
  • AHT periodically changing clock information generated by the drive control 21 by means of a quartz-controlled generator,
  • EL an output signal of the control circuit 20 which switches on the left partial angle of a light receiver 22 with EL = 0,
  • ER an output signal of the control circuit 20 which switches on the right partial angle of a light receiver 22 with ER = 0,
  • SL an output signal of the control circuit 20 which releases the left partial angle of a light transmitter 23 with SL = 0,
  • SR an with SR = 0 the right partial angle of a light transmitter 23 releasing output signal of the control circuit 20 and
  • ST an output signal of the control circuit 20 that switches on a light transmitter 23 with ST = 0.

Die oben beschriebene Einrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:

  • Wie in der Figur 3 dargestellt sei angenommen, dass zwei mit 41, 42 bezeichnete Fahrzeuge auf einer geraden Strecke 43 gemäss den Pfeilrichtungen hintereinander vorwärts fahren und dass keine benachbarten Fahrbahnen vorhanden sind. Folglich weisen die Informationen AHE, AHL, AHR die Werte AHE = AHL = AHR = 0 auf.
The setup described above works as follows:
  • As shown in FIG. 3, it is assumed that two vehicles, designated 41, 42, drive forward in a straight line 43 according to the arrow directions and that there are no adjacent lanes. Consequently, the information AHE, AHL, AHR have the values AHE = AHL = AHR = 0.

Unter diesen Bedingungen haben die Ausgangssignale EL, ER, SL, SR der hinten auf den Fahrzeugen 41, 42 befindlichen Steuerkreise 20 die Werte EL = ER = 1, SL = SR = 0. Mit den Werten EL = ER = 1 sind die lichtempfindlichen Dioden 27, 28 mittels der ersten und der zweiten Schaltvorrichtungen 25, 26 von den Resonanzkreisen 29 getrennt, womit beide Teilwinkel der hinten angeordneten Lichtempfänger 22 ausgeschaltet sind. Mit den Werten SL = SR = 0 sind die Leuchtdioden der Serieschaltungen 36 mittels der dritten und der vierten Schaltvorrichtungen 34, 35 nicht kurzgeschlossen, womit beide Teilwinkel der hinten angeordneten Lichtsender 23 freigegeben sind. Die Signale ST wechseln wie die Informationen AHT mit einer Frequenz von etwa 20 kHz von "0" auf "1" und umgekehrt, weshalb die steuerbaren Stromquellen 33 die Leuchtdioden der Serieschaltungen 36 mit einem im gleichen Takt ändernden Strom speisen. Die Lichtsender 23 strahlen moduliertes Infrarotlicht gemäss schematisch dargestellten Sendecharakteristiken 44 ab, wobei die Intensität des Lichts dem Kehrwert des Abstandsquadrats proportional ist.Under these conditions, the output signals EL, ER, SL, SR of the control circuits 20 located on the rear of the vehicles 41, 42 have the values EL = ER = 1, SL = SR = 0. With the values EL = ER = 1, the light-sensitive diodes are 27, 28 by means of the first and second switching devices 25, 26 separated from the resonance circuits 29, whereby both partial angles of the light receivers 22 arranged at the rear are switched off. With the values SL = SR = 0, the light-emitting diodes of the series circuits 36 are not short-circuited by means of the third and fourth switching devices 34, 35, whereby both partial angles of the light transmitters 23 arranged at the rear are released. The signals ST, like the information AHT, change from "0" to "1" and vice versa at a frequency of approximately 20 kHz, which is why the controllable current sources 33 feed the light-emitting diodes of the series circuits 36 with a current that changes in the same cycle. The light transmitters 23 emit modulated infrared light in accordance with the schematically represented transmission characteristics 44, the intensity of the light being proportional to the reciprocal of the distance square.

Bei den obgenannten Informationswerten AHE = AHL = AHR = 0 haben die Ausgangssignale EL, ER, SL, SR der vorne auf den Fahrzeugen 41, 42 befindlichen Steuerkreise 20 die Werte EL = ER = 0, SL = SR = 1. Mit den Werten SL = SR = 1 sind die Leuchtdioden der Serieschaltungen 36 mittels der dritten und vierten Schaltvorrichtungen 34, 35 kurzgeschlossen, womit beide Teilwinkel der vorne angeordneten Lichtsender 23 ausgeschaltet sind. Mit den Werten EL = ER = 0 sind die lichtempflindlichen Dioden 27, 28 mittels der ersten und zweiten Schaltvorrichtungen 25, 26 parallel zu den Kondensatoren der Resonanzkreise 29 geschaltet, womit beide Teilwinkel der vorne angeordneten Lichtempfänger 22 eingeschaltet sind, wie dies mittels Empfangscharakteristiken 45 schematisch dargestellt ist. An den lichtempflindlichen Dioden 27, 28 liegen Spannungen an, welche aus Gleichspannungsanteilen und Wechselspannungsanteilen bestehen. Die bezüglich der Modulationsfrequenz um ein bestimmtes Mass verstimmten Resonanzkreise 29 leiten die mit der Modulationsfrequenz ändernden Wechselspannungsanteile als Empfangssignale den Verstärkern 30 mit einer durch die Verstimmung gegeben Signaldämpfung zu. Mit zunehmenden Umgebungslichtstärken nehmen die Wechselspannungsanteile infolge verringerter Empfindlichkeiten der Dioden 27, 28 ab. Gleichzeitig nehmen die Gleichspannungsanteile an den Dioden 27, 28 ab, wobei die Sperrschichtkapazitäten der Dioden 27, 28 zunehmen. Die zunehmenden Sperrschichtkapazitäten der Dioden 27, 28 bewirken, dass die Verstimmungen der Resonanzkreise 29 abnehmen, wodurch die abnehmenden Empfindlichkeiten der Dioden 27, 28 mittels abnehmender Signaldämpfungen der Resonanzkreise 29 kompensiert sind. Die Empfangssignale werden von den Verstärkern 30 verstärkt und von den Demodulatoren 31 demoduliert. Die an den Ausgängen der Demodulatoren 31 auftretenden Signale AH sind von den Abständen d abhängig.With the above-mentioned information values AHE = AHL = AHR = 0, the output signals EL, ER, SL, SR of the control circuits 20 located on the front of the vehicles 41, 42 have the values EL = ER = 0, SL = SR = 1. With the values SL = SR = 1, the light-emitting diodes of the series circuits 36 by means of the third and fourth switching devices 34, 35 are short closed, whereby both partial angles of the light transmitter 23 arranged at the front are switched off. With the values EL = ER = 0, the light-sensitive diodes 27, 28 are connected in parallel with the capacitors of the resonance circuits 29 by means of the first and second switching devices 25, 26, whereby both partial angles of the light receivers 22 arranged at the front are switched on, as is shown schematically by means of reception characteristics 45 is shown. Voltages are present at the light-sensitive diodes 27, 28, which consist of direct voltage components and alternating voltage components. The resonant circuits 29 detuned with respect to the modulation frequency by a certain amount convey the alternating voltage components changing with the modulation frequency as received signals to the amplifiers 30 with a signal attenuation given by the detuning. With increasing ambient light levels, the AC voltage components decrease due to the reduced sensitivity of the diodes 27, 28. At the same time, the DC voltage components at the diodes 27, 28 decrease, the barrier layer capacitances of the diodes 27, 28 increasing. The increasing junction capacitance of the diodes 27, 28 cause the detuning of the resonant circuits 29 to decrease, as a result of which the decreasing sensitivity of the diodes 27, 28 is compensated for by decreasing signal attenuation of the resonant circuits 29. The received signals are amplified by the amplifiers 30 and demodulated by the demodulators 31. The one at the exits of the demodula gates 31 occurring signals AH are dependent on the distances d.

Aufgrund eines gegebenen Werts z.B. AH1 oder AH2 des Signals AH ermittelt die Antriebssteuerung 21 eines Fahrzeugs 41, 42 gemäss dem Verlauf der in der Figur 4 strichpunktiert dargestellten Kurve 46 einen Abstandswert d1 oder d2. Infolge unterschiedlicher Verschmutzung der Glasgehäuse 7, 8 kann der ermittelte Wert d1 oder d2 vom vorhandenen Abstand d abweichen, wobei die Grenzen des möglichen Abweichungsbereichs Δd1 oder Δd2 durch Kurven 47, 48 dargestellt sind. Aus den Kurven 46, 47, 48 ist ersichtlich, dass der Bereich Δd1, Δd2 mit abnehmendem Abstandswert d1, d2 schmäler wird, weil die Kurven 46, 47, 48 mit abnehmendem Abstand d steiler verlaufen. Folglich nimmt die Zuverlässigkeit der Einrichtung mit abnehmendem Abstand d zu. Der ermittelte Abstandswert d1 oder d2 dient der Antriebssteuerung 21 zum Steuern der Fahrtgeschwindigkeit.Due to a given value e.g. AH1 or AH2 of the signal AH, the drive controller 21 of a vehicle 41, 42 determines a distance value d1 or d2 in accordance with the course of the curve 46 shown in broken lines in FIG. As a result of different soiling of the glass housings 7, 8, the determined value d1 or d2 can deviate from the existing distance d, the limits of the possible deviation range Δd1 or Δd2 being represented by curves 47, 48. It can be seen from the curves 46, 47, 48 that the range Δd1, Δd2 becomes narrower with a decreasing distance value d1, d2 because the curves 46, 47, 48 are steeper with a decreasing distance d. As a result, the reliability of the device increases as the distance d decreases. The determined distance value d1 or d2 is used by the drive controller 21 to control the driving speed.

In der Figur 5 sind zwei auf gekrümmter Strecke 51 hintereinander vorwärts fahrende Fahrzeuge mit 52 und 53 bezeichnet. Da keine benachbarten Fahrbahnen vorhanden sind, haben die Informationen und die Signale die gleichen Werte wie bei den Fahrzeugen 41, 42 der Figur 3. Die gegenüber der Figur 3 unveränderten Empfangscharakteristiken 54 und Sendecharakteristiken 55 zeigen, dass die Einrichtung auch auf der gekrümmten Strecke 51 funktioniert.In FIG. 5, two vehicles driving forward on a curved route 51 are designated 52 and 53. Since there are no adjacent lanes, the information and the signals have the same values as for the vehicles 41, 42 in FIG. 3. The reception characteristics 54 and transmission characteristics 55, which are unchanged compared to FIG worked.

In der Figur 6 sind zwei auf einer geraden Strecke 61 hintereinander vorwärts fahrende Fahrzeuge mit 62 und 63 bezeichnet. In Fahrtrichtung rechts von der Strecke 61 ist eine benachbarte gerade Strecke 64 vorhanden, auf welcher sich ein Fahrzeug 65 in gleicher Richtung bewegt. Die Informationen AHL, AHR der auf der linken Strecke 61 fahrenden Fahrzeuge 62, 63 weisen die Werte AHL = 0, AHR = 1 auf, während die Informationen AHL, AHR des auf der rechten Strecke 64 fahrenden Fahrzeugs 65 die Werte AHL = 1, AHR = 0 aufweisen. Unter diesen Bedingungen nehmen die Ausgangssignale ER, SR der Steuerkreise 20 der links fahrenden Fahrzeuge 62, 63 die Werte ER = SR = 1 und die Ausgangssignale EL, SL der Steuerkreise 20 des rechts fahrenden Fahrzeugs 65 die Werte EL = SL = 1 an, womit die gegen die benachbarte Strecke 61, 64 gerichteten Teilwinkel der Lichtsender 23 und Lichtempfänger 22 der Fahrzeuge 62, 63, 65 ausgeschaltet sind. Alle anderen Informationen und Signale haben die gleichen Werte wie die Informationen und Signale der Fahrzeuge 41, 42 der Figur 3, weshalb die anderen Teilwinkel der Lichtsender 23 und Lichtempfänger 22 gemäss der Fahrtrichtung eingeschaltet sind. Dies ist mittels Sendecharakteristiken 66, 67 und Empfangscharakteristiken 68, 69 schematisch dargestellt. Folglich beeinflussen sich die Lichtsender 23 und Lichtempfänger 22 der Fahrzeuge 62, 63, 65 von benachbarten Strecken 61, 64 nicht.In FIG. 6, two vehicles driving forward on a straight line 61 are identified by 62 and 63. In the direction of travel to the right of route 61 there is an adjacent straight route 64 on which a vehicle 65 is moving in the same direction. The information AHL, AHR of the vehicles 62, 63 traveling on the left route 61 have the values AHL = 0, AHR = 1, while the information AHL, AHR of the vehicle 65 traveling on the right route 64 has the values AHL = 1, AHR = 0. Under these conditions, the output signals ER, SR of the control circuits 20 of the left-hand vehicles 62, 63 take the values ER = SR = 1 and the output signals EL, SL of the control circuits 20 of the right-hand vehicle 65 take the values EL = SL = 1, with which the partial angles of the light transmitter 23 and light receiver 22 of the vehicles 62, 63, 65 directed against the adjacent route 61, 64 are switched off. All other information and signals have the same values as the information and signals of the vehicles 41, 42 in FIG. 3, which is why the other partial angles of the light transmitter 23 and light receiver 22 are switched on according to the direction of travel. This is shown schematically by means of transmission characteristics 66, 67 and reception characteristics 68, 69. As a result, the light transmitters 23 and light receivers 22 of the vehicles 62, 63, 65 from adjacent routes 61, 64 not.

Für die praktische Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Einrichtung ist es vorteilhaft, auf vorwärts und rückwärts beweglichen Fahrzeugen vorne und hinten gleiche Vorrichtungen vorzusehen, wobei die Informationen AHL und AHR den hinteren Vorrichtungen vertauscht zugeführt sind und wobei die Information AHE den hinteren Vorrichtungen über ein in den Vorrichtungen vorgesehenes wahlweise zuschaltbares NICHT-Glied zugeführt ist.For the practical implementation of the device according to the invention, it is advantageous to provide the same devices at the front and rear on vehicles moving forwards and backwards, the information AHL and AHR being fed back to the rear devices and the information AHE being supplied to the rear devices via a device provided in the devices optionally switchable NOT link is fed.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung Analog-Digital-Wandler für die Signale AH vorzusehen und die von einem gegebenen Signalwert AH1, AH2 ausgehende Ermittlung des Abstandswerts dl, d2 mit digitalen Mitteln auszuführen.It is within the scope of the invention to provide analog-digital converters for the signals AH and to carry out the determination of the distance value d1, d2 starting from a given signal value AH1, AH2 using digital means.

Weiter liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung auf den Lichtsendern und auf den Lichtempfängern Abdeckungen derart vorzusehen, dass nur geringe vertikale Winkelbereiche für den Betrieb der Lichtempfänger und Lichtsender freibleiben.Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention to provide covers on the light transmitters and on the light receivers in such a way that only small vertical angular ranges remain free for the operation of the light receivers and light transmitters.

Ferner liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung einzeln einschaltbare gleichartige Lichtsender ortsfest anzuordnen und damit bei Kreuzungen, Umladestationen oder dergleichen den Verkehrsfluss zu regeln.Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention to arrange individually switchable, similar light transmitters in a fixed position and thus to regulate the flow of traffic at intersections, transfer stations or the like.

Claims (6)

1. Einrichtung zur Abstandhaltung von spurgebundenen Fahrzeugen (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) mit entgegen der Fahrtrichtung nach hinten strahlenden Lichtsendern (23) und mit in Fahrtrichtung von vorne empfangenden Lichtempfängern (22), welche Einrichtung mittels einer Antriebssteuerung (21) die Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) mit abnehmendem Abstand (d) zum unmittelbar vorausfahrenden Fahrzeug (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) verringert, wobei der Abstand (d) aufgrund der empfangenen Lichtsignale ermittelt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hinten auf den Fahrzeugen (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) ein, in beliebigen Richtungen seitwärts und rückwärts gleichmässig abstrahlender, mit moduliertem Licht arbeitender Lichtsender (23) angeordnet ist, dass vorne auf den Fahrzeugen (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) ein in beliebigen Richtungen von den Seiten und von vorne empfangender Licht demodulierender Lichtempfänger (22) angeordnet ist und dass die Antriebssteuerung (21) die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) mit zunehmender empfangener Lichtintensität verringert.1.Device for keeping track-bound vehicles at a distance (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) with light transmitters (23) radiating to the rear in the opposite direction and with light receivers (22) receiving from the front in the direction of travel, which device by means of a drive control (21) the speed of a vehicle (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) with decreasing distance (d) to the vehicle in front (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65), the distance (d) being determined on the basis of the received light signals, characterized in that on the rear of the vehicles (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65), sideways in any direction and rearward uniformly emitting light transmitter (23) working with modulated light is arranged such that a light received in any direction from the sides and from the front on the vehicles (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) demodulating light receiver (22) is arranged and that the Antriebsst Control (21) reduces the speed of the vehicle (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) with increasing received light intensity. 2. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtsender (23) und der Lichtempfänger (22) von der Antriebssteuerung (21) betätigbare Schaltvorrichtungen (25, 26, 34, 35) aufweist, wobei mittels der Schaltvorrichtungen (25, 26, 34, 35) einzelne seitliche Abstrahlrichtungen des Lichtsenders (23) und einzelne seitliche Empfangsrichtungen des Lichtempfängers (22) abschaltbar sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the light transmitter (23) and the light receiver (22) actuatable by the drive control (21) switching devices (25, 26, 34, 35), by means of the switching devices (25, 26, 34, 35) individual lateral radiation directions of the light transmitter (23) and individual lateral reception directions of the light receiver (22) can be switched off. 3. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtsender (23) eine mittels eines periodischen Taktsignals (ST) steuerbare Stromquelle (33) und mehrere von der Stromquelle (33) gespiesene, in einer waagrechten Ebene fächerförmig angeordnete rückwärts und seitwärts gerichtete Infrarotleuchtdioden aufweist und dass der Lichtempfänger (22) mindestens zwei in der waagrechten Ebene in einem gleichen Winkel seitwärts und vorwärts gerichtete infrarot-lichtempflindliche Dioden (27, 28), einen mit jeder Diode (27, 28) im Sinn einer Signalüberlagerung verbindbaren, einen Eingang und einen Ausgang aufweisenden Verstärker (30) und einen mit dem Ausgang des Verstärkers (30) verbundenen Demodulator (31) aufweist, wobei das Ausgangssignal (AH) des Demodulators (31) der Antriebssteuerung (21) zugeführt ist.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light transmitter (23) a controllable by means of a periodic clock signal (ST) current source (33) and a plurality of the current source (33) fed, arranged in a horizontal plane fan-shaped backwards and sideways Directed infrared light-emitting diodes and that the light receiver (22) at least two in the horizontal plane at an equal angle sideways and forward-facing infrared light-sensitive diodes (27, 28), one connectable to each diode (27, 28) in the sense of a signal superimposition, one Has an input and an output amplifier (30) and a demodulator (31) connected to the output of the amplifier (30), the output signal (AH) of the demodulator (31) being supplied to the drive controller (21). 4. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Verbindungen der lichtempflindlichen Dioden (27, 28) mit dem Eingang des Verstärkers (30) eine erste und eine zweite von der Antriebssteuerung (21) betätigbare Schaltvorrichtung (25, 26) vorgesehen ist und dass parallel zu den gegen die eine Seite gerichteten Leuchtdioden und parallel zu den gegen die andere Seite gerichteten Leuchtdioden eine dritte und eine vierte von der Antriebssteuerung (21) betätigbare Schaltvorrichtung (34, 35) geschaltet ist.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that in the connec against the light-sensitive diodes (27, 28) with the input of the amplifier (30), a first and a second switching device (25, 26) which can be actuated by the drive control (21) is provided and that is parallel to the light-emitting diodes directed towards one side and in parallel a third and a fourth switching device (34, 35) which can be actuated by the drive control (21) is connected to the light-emitting diodes directed towards the other side. 5. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein mit dem Eingang des Verstärkers (30) verbundener, eine Kapazität aufweisender Resonanzkreis (29) vorgesehen ist, wobei die mit ändernder Umgebungslichtstärke ihre Kapazität und ihre Empfindlichkeit ändernden lichtempfindlichen Dioden (27, 28) parallel zu der Kapazität des Resonanzkreises (29) schaltbar sind.5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a resonance circuit (29) connected to the input of the amplifier (30) and having a capacitance is provided, the light-sensitive diodes (27, 27) changing with changing ambient light intensity changing their capacitance and sensitivity. 28) can be switched in parallel with the capacitance of the resonant circuit (29). 6. Einrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei vorwärts und rückwärts beweglichen Fahrzeugen (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) Lichtsender (23) und Lichtempfänger (22) für beide Fahrtrichtungen vorgesehen sind, wobei der in Fahrtrichtung vorne befindliche Lichtempfänger (22) und der in Fahrtrichtung hinten befindliche Lichtsender (23)eingeschaltet ist.6. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in forward and backward moving vehicles (1, 41, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 65) light transmitter (23) and light receiver (22) are provided for both directions of travel , wherein the light receiver (22) located at the front in the direction of travel and the light transmitter (23) located at the rear in the direction of travel is switched on.
EP81108920A 1980-11-14 1981-10-26 Device to keep track-bound vehicles at a distance from one another Expired EP0052263B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT81108920T ATE17285T1 (en) 1980-11-14 1981-10-26 DEVICE FOR KEEPING DISTANCE FROM RAILWAY VEHICLES.

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CH8458/80 1980-11-14
CH8458/80A CH650738A5 (en) 1980-11-14 1980-11-14 DEVICE FOR KEEPING THE TRACKED VEHICLES.

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EP0052263A1 true EP0052263A1 (en) 1982-05-26
EP0052263B1 EP0052263B1 (en) 1986-01-02

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AT (1) ATE17285T1 (en)
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CH (1) CH650738A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3173399D1 (en)
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0132467A1 (en) * 1983-07-28 1985-02-13 Dragan Bukatarevic A control system for an electrically driven vehicle
EP0222113A2 (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-05-20 International Business Machines Corporation Collision avoidance system
EP0222113A3 (en) * 1985-10-17 1989-02-01 International Business Machines Corporation Collision avoidance system
FR2621878A1 (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-04-21 Sysmo Sa MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR THE CONTROLLED TRANSPORT OF PARTS OR PRODUCTS
WO1989004012A1 (en) * 1987-10-19 1989-05-05 Sysmo S.A. Modular installation for the controlled transportation of parts or products
EP0448756A1 (en) * 1988-08-18 1991-10-02 Yeu-Jow Dai Automatic control device for preventing rear-end collision of motorized vehicles
AU603739B1 (en) * 1988-08-18 1990-11-22 Yeu-Jow Dai Automatic control device for preventing rear-end collision of motorized vehicles
EP0466217A2 (en) * 1990-07-10 1992-01-15 Daifuku Co., Ltd. Equipment for transporting a load
EP0466217A3 (en) * 1990-07-10 1993-08-11 Daifuku Co., Ltd. Equipment for transporting a load
EP0557962A1 (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-09-01 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Collision avoidance system for carriages
DE9203121U1 (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-07-15 Rixen, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing., 5650 Solingen, De
FR2884626A1 (en) * 2005-04-19 2006-10-20 Daniel Henri Lucien Jos Martin Movable vehicles` distance adjusting device for e.g. constantly maintaining distance, has vehicle with ultrasonic receiver to receive signal that is variable with distance, and adapting its path for constantly maintaining signal
EP2335997A1 (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 Eisenmann AG Conveying system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4473787A (en) 1984-09-25
JPS57110559A (en) 1982-07-09
EP0052263B1 (en) 1986-01-02
WO1986003612A1 (en) 1986-06-19
GB2089085B (en) 1984-08-30
FI813197L (en) 1982-05-15
GB2089085A (en) 1982-06-16
ES507085A0 (en) 1982-08-16
CA1196076A (en) 1985-10-29
DE3173399D1 (en) 1986-02-13
ATE17285T1 (en) 1986-01-15
CH650738A5 (en) 1985-08-15
ES8206875A1 (en) 1982-08-16
JPS6316309B2 (en) 1988-04-08

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