EP0046927A1 - Procédé de production de dispersions et matériaux photographiques - Google Patents

Procédé de production de dispersions et matériaux photographiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0046927A1
EP0046927A1 EP81106446A EP81106446A EP0046927A1 EP 0046927 A1 EP0046927 A1 EP 0046927A1 EP 81106446 A EP81106446 A EP 81106446A EP 81106446 A EP81106446 A EP 81106446A EP 0046927 A1 EP0046927 A1 EP 0046927A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dispersion
temperature
organic phase
solution
aqueous phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81106446A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0046927B1 (fr
Inventor
Hildegard Dr. Schnöring
Karl-Wilhelm Dr. Schranz
Günther Dr. Koepke
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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Publication of EP0046927A1 publication Critical patent/EP0046927A1/fr
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Publication of EP0046927B1 publication Critical patent/EP0046927B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/56—Mixing photosensitive chemicals or photographic base materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of dispersions and photographic materials which contain dispersions according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to the production of dispersions of organic, hydrophobic substances in an aqueous phase.
  • dispersions are understood to mean apparently homogeneous systems which contain at least 2 phases in finely divided form.
  • examples of dispersions are e.g. Emulsions and suspensions.
  • a disadvantage of such processes is that the color couplers used may have a melting point of at most 100 ° C.
  • a low-boiling auxiliary solvent on the other hand one is limited to color couplers which have a correspondingly low melting point or which may be achieved by mixing with other color couplers or oil formers.
  • the dispersing step by grinding cannot be used for all color couplers. This is because it is technically difficult to intercept the heat generated during the grinding by the cutting work. This difficulty is all the more serious the finer the color coupler particles are to be dispersed and the narrower the required distribution width, i.e.
  • the deviation of the individual particles from the average grain size Most of the compounds to be dispersed, like gelatin, are relatively sensitive to temperature. Gelatin shows slightly irreversible changes at high temperatures, which are manifested in poorer casting behavior and poorer sensitometric values. In the known processes, the phases to be dispersed are mixed before the dispersion and run together into the dispersing device.
  • a process is known from US Pat. No. 3,850,643, in which a copper / oil-forming mixture is dissolved in a solvent at 137.8 ° C. and this solution internally half a minute in a gelatin / emulsifier solution.
  • a special entry device consisting of a fixed ring-shaped plate and a perforated plate with webs. The solvent is then washed out of the solidified emulsion.
  • the method has the disadvantage that a special apparatus must be used, which requires special alignment. Further disadvantages are the use of solvents, which have to be removed in a subsequent double operation, and the very long entry time.
  • the object of the invention is to find a dispersion process which avoids the disadvantages of the known processes.
  • the invention was based on the object of specifying a dispersing process which ensures gentle treatment of the dispersed compounds.
  • a process has now been found for producing dispersions from at least one liquid organic phase which contains a hydrophobic, photographically active compound and at least one aqueous phase which comprises a binder, in which both phases are combined with dispersion.
  • the two phases are left separate from one another in a suitable disperser Run in the yaw device.
  • the organic phase is the pure melt of a photographic substance or the solution of the photographic substance in an oil former and the dispersion takes place above the liquefaction temperature of this fogographically active substance or solution.
  • the aqueous phase can contain dissolved binders and the dispersion can take place above the liquefaction temperature of this binder temperature.
  • the dispersion can also take place above the liquefaction temperatures of both phases.
  • the dispersion is carried out at a temperature which is above the boiling point at atmospheric pressure of the lower-boiling phase or of the azeotrope which may form.
  • the organic phase preferably contains a photographically active substance which is essentially immiscible with water at pH 7.
  • a high-boiling oil former can additionally be contained.
  • the photographically active compound can be a color coupler, a stabilizer or a UV absorber.
  • a particularly advantageous procedure is characterized in that the residence time of a particle of the organic phase in the shear zone of the dispersing device is only a maximum of 6 seconds.
  • the temperature in the dispersion room is advantageously at least 100 ° C. and the pressure in the dispersion room is at least 1 bar.
  • a special method is that the temperature of the organic phase is between 100 and 140 ° C, the temperature of the aqueous phase is between 70 and 85 ° C and the temperature in the dispersion zone is between 60 and 140 °.
  • the process according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for producing dispersions in an aqueous medium from organic hydrophobic substances which are photographically active.
  • organic hydrophobic substances which are photographically active.
  • hydrophobic couplers of the most varied types (4-equivalent couplers, 2-equivalent couplers, DIR couplers, mask couplers, white couplers, competitive couplers), dyes or other coloring compounds, e.g. for the color diffusion transfer process, UV absorbers, stabilizers and other photographic additives.
  • the aqueous phase contains, to improve the stability of the dispersions, hydrophilic colloidal binders, e.g. Gelatin.
  • hydrophilic colloidal binders e.g. Gelatin.
  • the gelatin can also be replaced in whole or in part by other natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic binders, e.g. by derivatives of alginic acid or cellulose, by polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
  • the organic phase is heated above its melting point to such an extent that a thin liquid solution is formed.
  • This is dispersed in the aqueous phase, the residence time in the shear zone of the dispersing device generally being less than one second.
  • the aqueous phase is introduced into the dispersing device at a temperature which is preferably below the boiling point at normal pressure.
  • the temperature of the aqueous phase is preferably 70 to 95 ° C. While the aqueous phase can circulate through the dispersing device before the actual dispersion step, the organic phase is only introduced directly into the shear zone of the dispersing device at the start of the dispersion at high temperature.
  • the temperature of the organic phase is above the melting point of the organic substance to be dispersed, for example the coupler or the mixture of a coupler and a high-boiling oil former. Couplers with melting points up to 180 ° C can be processed without problems according to the invention.
  • the temperature of the organic phase is preferably 100 ° C to 140 ° C. The temperature of the organic phase only cools to the surrounding temperature during or after the dispersion has taken place.
  • the temperature in the shear zone of the dispersing device is generally 60 ° C. to 140 ° C., in particular 80 ° C. to 120 ° C.
  • the temperature in the dispersing device can optionally be controlled via additional devices will.
  • an excess pressure can be maintained in the dispersing device.
  • the overpressure is then measured so that it does not boil, and results from the boiling diagrams of the selected systems.
  • the overpressure can be, for example, between 0-3 bar, possibly also at a higher value.
  • the residence time in the shear zone of the dispersing device is only 0.02 to 0.4 seconds.
  • Dwell time is understood to mean the time from the entry of the dispersing partners into the shear zone of the dispersing device to the exit.
  • the dispersion run through the shear zone several times by superimposing a circulation system on the product line.
  • the effective residence times are generally between 0.2 and 6 seconds.
  • the dispersing partners are sent several times through the shear zone of the dispersing device, so that the residence times add up to an average or effective residence time. These residence times are far below the residence times previously used for the production of such emulsions.
  • the average particle size in the dispersions obtained is a function of residence time, mixing performance and dispersion temperature. In general, the influence of the residence time decreases with higher mixing performance. At higher temperatures, finer dispersions can generally be obtained than at lower temperatures. In principle, any particle sizes can be obtained, particularly preferred are particle sizes from 200 to 600 nm, in particular from 300 to 350 nm.
  • Relatively temperature-sensitive substances can also be dispersed in the dispersing device at high temperatures.
  • Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that highly concentrated dispersions can be produced with a high space / time yield.
  • the space / time yield is based on known manufacturing processes and known use concentrations. E.g. normally a dispersant used with 5% active ingredient, which must be prepared in a kettle, so that the aqueous phase (gelatin solution) can be initially charged with 25% and the organic phase is concentrated, a correspondingly smaller apparatus can be used. This results in a space / time yield that is better by a factor of 3 simply by taking the smaller boiler volume into account. In addition, since mixing times of 10 minutes are usually used, mixing times of 6 seconds (as explained above) result in a further improvement by a factor of 100.
  • the pressure in the disperser should be above the vapor pressure of the aqueous phase.
  • the temperature of the organic phase e.g. 120 ° C corresponding to 2 bar overpressure
  • the pressure in the disperser should be above the vapor pressure of the aqueous phase.
  • determined by the temperature of the organic phase e.g. 120 ° C corresponding to 2 bar overpressure
  • the temperature of the organic phase e.g. 120 ° C corresponding to 2 bar overpressure
  • the dispersion effect itself is not dependent on pressure, provided that it is ensured that no evaporation takes place.
  • the ratio of organic matter (color coupler, UV absorber, etc.) to oil former is not a critical parameter for the success of the process.
  • the oil former high-boiling solvent
  • the oil former is not absolutely necessary, but it is advantageous not to exceed the viscosity of 1000 mPas at the preferred dispersion temperature. A corresponding setting is possible by adding oil formers.
  • the oil formers are substances which generally boil above 180 ° C. and have good dissolving power for the hydrophobic substance to be dispersed. These include the esters of glutaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and phosphoric acid or the esters of glycerin, as well Paraffin and fluorinated paraffin are preferably used because these compounds are chemically stable and very easily accessible, can be handled very easily and have no adverse effect on the light-sensitive materials when the dispersions are used for photographic purposes.
  • oil formers are particularly preferably used as oil formers according to the invention: tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, glycerol tributyrate, glycerol tripropionate, dioctyl sebacate. Paraffin and fluorinated paraffin. Succinic acid derivatives are also preferred. Examples are given below.
  • R stands for a longer aliphatic radical with at least 8 carbon atoms. This is preferably one of the following, monounsaturated aliphatic radicals - C12H23 ' -C 15 H 29 or -C 18 H 35 .
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out with devices according to FIGS. 1 and 2, but is of course not restricted to the use of these devices.
  • the aqueous phase is metered in from a stirrable and heatable boiler 1 with pump 2 via a dispersing machine 3 with a defined flow rate.
  • the organic phase is metered from a likewise heatable and stirrable kettle 4 with a pump 5 via a filter 6 directly into the shear zone of the dispersing machine.
  • the dispersing machine 3 can also optionally be switched to bypass 7.
  • the dispersion produced in the dispersing machine can be cooled to such an extent that it leaves the pressure-maintaining valve 9 down to a temperature below the evaporation point. cooled at normal pressure and can be introduced into the boiler 10.
  • the device can be operated in a continuous as well as in a discontinuous mode of operation.
  • Rotor / stator machines are preferably used as dispersing machines, since these enable the organic phase to be introduced directly into the shear zone and the organic phase can thus be dispersed at temperatures higher than that specified by the average dispersion temperature.
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment, 1 represents a batch boiler.
  • 2 is a pump that conveys the aqueous phase to the dispersing machine 3.
  • the organic phase is metered in from the boiler 4 via the pump 5.
  • the cooler 8 allows the emulsified mixture to be cooled to temperatures below 100 ° C., so that pressure can be passed through the valve 9 after relaxation.
  • the dispersions prepared according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for the preparation of light-sensitive photographic materials which contain silver halide.
  • the dispersions can be introduced into such materials in a manner known per se.
  • the dispersions can be introduced both in layers containing silver halide and in layers free of silver halide.
  • the usual silver halide emulsions can be used, which can be prepared by the usual known methods.
  • Gelatin can be used as a binder for the photographic layers, but can be replaced in whole or in part by other binders.
  • Stabilizers such as triazole derivatives, thiocarbonic acid derivatives of thiodiazole or azaindenes can be added to the emulsions as antifoggants.
  • the silver halide emulsions can also be sensitized with the usual chemical sensitizers; the usual for optical sensitization
  • the photographic layers are hardened under conditions which do not adversely affect the image tone, but which allow the layers to be processed quickly even at higher temperatures.
  • Suitable curing agents are, for example, formalin, dialdehydes, divinyl sulfone, triazine derivatives, if appropriate in the presence of tertiary amines, and also instant curing agents such as carbamoylpyridinium compounds or carbodiimides.
  • the usual substrates can be used, e.g. Polyolefin-coated underlays, for example polyethylene-coated paper, suitable polyolefins and paper, polyester, triacetate.
  • An aqueous 25% gelatin solution is prepared in a heatable kettle equipped with a slowly running stirrer. After a clear solution has been formed, 0.90 kg of triisopropyl naphthalenesulfonate is added. This aqueous solution is then heated to 80 ° C.
  • the aqueous gelatin solution is pumped through the dispersion zone of a continuous mixer (Dispax reactor, type p 3/6/6) by means of a pump with a flow rate of 150 kg / h, in the working space of which a pressure of 2 bar by means of a cross-sectional constriction (valve) is set at the outlet and first in the fore position boiler of the aqueous solution is returned so that the pipeline and mixing zone are filled with liquid and brought to temperature. Then the circulation of the aqueous gelatin solution is ended.
  • the second solution is then fed to the mixing zone at a flow rate of 60 kg / h by means of a heatable pump through a heatable pipeline.
  • a temperature of 110 to 115 ° C arises at the outlet of the mixing zone.
  • the pressure is kept at 2 to 2.5 bar. This pressure is about 1 bar higher than the pressure necessary to avoid the boiling of the aqueous phase, but promotes a particularly uniform emulsion formation.
  • Example 1 The two solutions of Example 1 are prepared in a 10-fold amount, but the difference is that the aqueous solution in the kettle is kept at 40 ° C. and only flows through a heat exchanger in which the temperature is just before being pumped into the dispersing machine the solution is raised from 40 to 80 ° C.
  • the solid, powdery couplers from Example 1 are mixed and placed in the shaft of a dissolving screw, to which the tricresyl phosphate heated to 120 ° C. is fed at the same time, so that the solution is produced continuously, the residence time at high temperature of 115 ° C. being only a few Seconds.
  • solution I 25.00 kg of 25% gelatin solution and 1.02 kg of triisopropyl naphthalenesulfonate (solution I) are prepared at 60 ° C. in accordance with Example 1 in a heatable and coolable kettle with a slow-moving stirrer, and are placed in a second heating and Stirable kettles are 50.00 kg of dibutyl phthalate and 25.00 kg of a compound of the formula warmed up to 140 ° C and 50.00 kg coupler of the formula added and stirred until a clear solution (solution II) is formed at 130 ° C.
  • Both solutions are metered continuously with piston metering pumps to a continuous mixer based on the rotor / stator principle, which is operated at a speed of 10,000 rpm, namely solution I with a Material flow of 120 kg / h and solution II with a material flow of 60 kg / h.
  • the continuous mixer is connected with a circuit. At a pressure of 2 bar and a temperature of 110 to 120 ° C, a fine-particle emulsion is formed in the continuous flow, which is cooled to 80 ° C in a downstream cooler and then processed after passing through a pressure-maintaining valve that is set to 2 bar to become. An emulsifier with an average particle size of 337 nm is obtained.
  • the dispersant obtained is added to a silver halide emulsion containing 60 g / 1 silver halide in a manner known per se.
  • the dispersion thus obtained is provided with hardening and wetting agents and cast onto a base in a known manner.
  • the material obtained is exposed imagewise and developed in a conventional color developer.
  • a corresponding photographic material is produced from the same silver halide emulsion with the same dispersed compounds, but the dispersion was not carried out according to the invention but according to US Pat. No. 2,322,027.
  • the procedure is such that the amounts of coupler and oil former specified above are dissolved in 150 kg of diethyl carbonate.
  • a mixture is prepared by stirring into the 10% gelatin solution (amount corresponding to 25 kg gelatin) mixed with the above-mentioned amount of wetting agent. This mixture is repeated several times by one Mixing siren skillfully while dispersing. The solvent is then evaporated off in vacuo.
  • the emulsifier obtained is added to the silver halide emulsion.
  • the comparison material was processed in the same way as that of the invention.
  • the sensitometric data listed in the table below show that, according to the invention, a higher sensitivity, gradation and maximum density is obtained.
  • a decrease in the sensitivity value by 0.3010 units corresponds to a doubling of the sensitivity.
  • Both solutions are continuously metered in with piston metering pumps to a continuous mixer based on the rotor / stator principle, which is operated at a speed of 10,000 rpm, namely solution I with a material flow of 120 kg / h and solution II with a material flow of 60 kg / h.
  • the continuous mixer is connected with a circuit. At a pressure of 2 bar and a temperature of 11o to 120 ° C, a finely divided emulsion is formed in the continuous flow, which is cooled to 80 ° C in a downstream cooler and then processed after passing through a pressure control valve that is set to 2 bar to become.
  • Emul gates with particle sizes between 625 and 350 nm are obtained.
  • Both solutions are continuously metered in with piston metering pumps to a continuous mixer based on the rotor / stator principle, which is operated at a speed of 10,000 rpm, namely solution I with a material flow of 120 kg / h and solution II with a material flow of 60 kg / h.
  • the continuous mixer is connected with a circuit. At a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 95 ° C, a finely divided emulsion is formed in the continuous flow, which is cooled to 80 ° C and processed further.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
EP81106446A 1980-09-02 1981-08-19 Procédé de production de dispersions et matériaux photographiques Expired EP0046927B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803033000 DE3033000A1 (de) 1980-09-02 1980-09-02 Verfahren zur herstellung von dispersionen und fotografische materialien
DE3033000 1980-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046927A1 true EP0046927A1 (fr) 1982-03-10
EP0046927B1 EP0046927B1 (fr) 1984-03-07

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EP81106446A Expired EP0046927B1 (fr) 1980-09-02 1981-08-19 Procédé de production de dispersions et matériaux photographiques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4379836A (fr)
EP (1) EP0046927B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5794746A (fr)
DE (2) DE3033000A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4345516C2 (de) * 1992-10-27 2002-05-23 Ngk Spark Plug Co Verwendung eines glasierten Keramiksubstrats zur Herstellung von Dünnfilm-Hybridteilen

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JPS6177044A (ja) * 1984-09-21 1986-04-19 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd 写真用高分子水性分散物の製造法
DE3613974C2 (de) * 1986-04-25 1996-01-25 Agfa Gevaert Ag Farbfotografisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial
JPH0268136A (ja) * 1988-09-02 1990-03-07 Konica Corp 乳化分散方法
US5015564A (en) * 1988-12-23 1991-05-14 Eastman Kodak Company Stabilizatin of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers, surfactants and polymers
US4957857A (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-09-18 Eastman Kodak Company Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers
US5256527A (en) * 1990-06-27 1993-10-26 Eastman Kodak Company Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers
US5087554A (en) * 1990-06-27 1992-02-11 Eastman Kodak Company Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers
US5358831A (en) * 1990-12-13 1994-10-25 Eastman Kodak Company High dye stability, high activity, low stain and low viscosity small particle yellow dispersion melt for color paper and other photographic systems
US5624999A (en) * 1991-03-05 1997-04-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Manufacture of functionalized polymers
WO1993023791A1 (fr) * 1992-05-21 1993-11-25 Eastman Kodak Company Systeme de production d'une dispersion photographique
US5334496A (en) * 1992-09-17 1994-08-02 Eastman Kodak Company Process and apparatus for reproducible production of non-uniform product distributions
US5298389A (en) * 1992-09-29 1994-03-29 Eastman Kodak Company Dry gelatin addition to an emulsion/dispersion mixture
US5272045A (en) * 1992-11-13 1993-12-21 Sun Chemical Corporation Water soluble antifoggant for powder developer solutions
GB9313575D0 (en) * 1993-07-01 1993-08-18 Kodak Ltd Preparation of solutions
US5404866A (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-04-11 Eastman Kodak Company Kettle insert passive liquefaction
US5374120A (en) * 1993-12-06 1994-12-20 Eastman Kodak Company Modified passive liquid in-line segmented blender
US5772895A (en) * 1996-02-15 1998-06-30 Eastman Kodak Company System for controlling the composition of color coupler on a real-time basis
US6056431A (en) * 1997-09-05 2000-05-02 Eastman Kodak Company Modified passive liquefier batch transition process
EP0930537B1 (fr) * 1998-01-19 2003-05-02 Tulalip Consultoria Comercial Sociedade Unipessoal S.A. Matériaux photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent sensibles à la lumière et procédé pour l'incorporation d'additifs photographiques hydrophobes dans ces compositions de colloide hydrophile
EP1121974B1 (fr) * 2000-01-31 2013-06-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Dispositif de mélange et l'utilisation
AUPR210600A0 (en) * 2000-12-15 2001-01-25 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Limited Manufacturing solid paint

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GB847143A (en) * 1957-11-18 1960-09-07 Ilford Ltd Improvements in or relating to colour photographic materials
US3827888A (en) * 1972-03-06 1974-08-06 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and process for combining chemically compatible solutions
US3850643A (en) * 1971-07-28 1974-11-26 Eastman Kodak Co Process for making coupler dispersions
DE3011927A1 (de) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Verfahren zur emulgierung

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GB1356921A (en) * 1970-04-03 1974-06-19 Agfa Gevaert Preparation of silver halide emulsions
GB1346426A (en) * 1970-08-13 1974-02-13 Agfa Gevaert Incorporating photographic compounds into hydrophilic colloids
JPS5224412B2 (fr) * 1971-08-25 1977-07-01
JPS5825260B2 (ja) * 1977-02-09 1983-05-26 コニカ株式会社 写真用添加剤の添加方法
JPS5845014B2 (ja) * 1977-08-16 1983-10-06 富士写真フイルム株式会社 ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料
JPS54119921A (en) * 1978-03-10 1979-09-18 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photosensitive material of silver halide for color photograph
US4284709A (en) * 1979-05-15 1981-08-18 Ciba-Geigy Aktiengesellschaft Process for incorporating photographic additives in hydrophilic colloid preparations

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB847143A (en) * 1957-11-18 1960-09-07 Ilford Ltd Improvements in or relating to colour photographic materials
US3850643A (en) * 1971-07-28 1974-11-26 Eastman Kodak Co Process for making coupler dispersions
US3827888A (en) * 1972-03-06 1974-08-06 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and process for combining chemically compatible solutions
DE3011927A1 (de) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Verfahren zur emulgierung
GB2046932A (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-11-19 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process of making an emulsion of a hydrophobic material in a hydrophilic binder

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4345516C2 (de) * 1992-10-27 2002-05-23 Ngk Spark Plug Co Verwendung eines glasierten Keramiksubstrats zur Herstellung von Dünnfilm-Hybridteilen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5794746A (en) 1982-06-12
US4379836A (en) 1983-04-12
EP0046927B1 (fr) 1984-03-07
DE3162523D1 (en) 1984-04-12
DE3033000A1 (de) 1982-04-15

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