EP0037143A1 - Schmelztauchverfahren - Google Patents

Schmelztauchverfahren Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0037143A1
EP0037143A1 EP81200313A EP81200313A EP0037143A1 EP 0037143 A1 EP0037143 A1 EP 0037143A1 EP 81200313 A EP81200313 A EP 81200313A EP 81200313 A EP81200313 A EP 81200313A EP 0037143 A1 EP0037143 A1 EP 0037143A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zinc
bath
metal
aluminum
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81200313A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0037143B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Pelerin
Dimitri Coutsouradis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Original Assignee
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE6/47114A external-priority patent/BE882430A/fr
Priority claimed from BE6/47183A external-priority patent/BE883724A/fr
Priority claimed from BE6/47184A external-priority patent/BE883725A/fr
Application filed by Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL filed Critical Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Publication of EP0037143A1 publication Critical patent/EP0037143A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0037143B1 publication Critical patent/EP0037143B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of hot coating a material of any shape, but preferably in the form of tube or steel sheets.
  • the process which is the subject of the present description is applicable in all cases where a molten metal bath is used to form a coating on a product as defined above, and this, as well within the framework of the coating. . hot to order, only during continuous processes.
  • the installations constructed for the implementation of these solutions generally comprise a tank separated into two parts by a transverse partition, provided in its lower part, with means to allow the passage from one side to the other of the partition, of the material. treat. It is thus normal to find at the bottom of the tank, over its entire base section, a lead bath of height greater than the passage means arranged in the partition, and on either side of this same partition, supernatant on the lead bath, a bath of almost pure zinc and a bath of Zn alloys about 10% Al.
  • the sheet to be treated penetrates on one side of the transverse partition, passes successively into the bath of unalloyed zinc which floats on lead and then in the lead bath and, after passing to the other side of the partition, exits through the bath of Zn-Al alloy, which gives the desired coating layer.
  • This method is mainly applied in the case of Zn - 10% Al alloys, that is to say coating baths for which the temperatures of use are close to those of traditional galvanizing baths, because the melting temperatures materials constituting the two baths on either side of the partition are almost identical.
  • the use of this type of process in the case of Zn alloys with a high Al content, in particular in the case of alloys having a melting point higher than that of traditional galvanizing baths, located around 440 - 460 ° C, is impossible
  • the process which is the subject of the present invention makes it possible to avoid the aforementioned defect, and this, by acting at the level of the heating means of the tank containing the coating bath of the treated product.
  • the hot coating process is essentially characterized in that the product to be treated is immersed in at least two metal baths whose temperatures are different.
  • a first variant of the process of the invention consists in using, as metal baths, baths of molten metal. It should be understood that all of the metals mentioned below are understood to be accompanied by the usual impurities inherent and inevitable in their methods of preparation.
  • a second variant in carrying out the process of the invention consists in using, as metal baths on the one hand, a bath composed of an almost pure or weakly alloyed metal, then in a later stage, a bath composed of an alloy of the aforementioned metal, with one or more other metals.
  • a third alternative embodiment of the process of the invention consists in using a lead bath, followed in a later stage, by a zinc alloy bath with one or more metals.
  • a fourth embodiment of the process to which the invention relates consists in using a metal bath of Zn, followed in a later stage, by a bath of zinc alloy with one or more metals (for example Zn + Al ), soaking in a lead bath which can however be inserted directly after the first bath.
  • a metal bath of Zn followed in a later stage, by a bath of zinc alloy with one or more metals (for example Zn + Al ), soaking in a lead bath which can however be inserted directly after the first bath.
  • This fourth variant proves to be particularly advantageous in the case where we are dealing with semi-quenched steels, quenched or weakly alloyed with silicon. It had in fact been found that in the case of these steels, the conventional galvanization process led to the appearance of excess thicknesses on the metal, a matt gray appearance of the deposit, poor adhesion and inequalities in the formation of the substrates. intermetallic layers, which could lead to the disposal of galvanized parts.
  • the product to be treated which may be hot, is immersed in a first bath of molten zinc for a time t, then subsequently in another molten bath composed of zinc alloys, for a duration t 'advantageously not less than t.
  • the first bath can be zinc or zinc-aluminum
  • the second can also be molten zinc-aluminum (an intermediate dip in molten lead can also be considered).
  • the duration of the passage of the steel in the first bath is advantageously less than 3 minutes, while that of the passage in the second bath is advantageously less than 20 minutes.
  • the multilayer coating produced has a multi-phase metallic outer layer composed of phases enriched in at least two different metals, the number of phases enriched in a given metal being advantageously greater than one.
  • intermetallic layers containing in particular iron or be made of a specific metal (hereinafter called M 1 ), while the polyphase surface layer comprises metal M 1 , thus that one or more other metals (hereinafter called M 2 ... M n ) forming with M 1 and / or between them the different phases mentioned above.
  • the immersion relating to the intermetallic layer or layers may lead to deposition of the said layer by electrolytic means.
  • bringing the substrate into contact with the metal layer M 1 and / or bringing the outer polyphase layer into contact with the immediately underlying layer is effected by deposit in molten form. of the metal M 1 or of the polyphase layer, the melting of the deposited material preferably being carried out immediately at the time of deposition, under a neutral and preferably inert atmosphere (Ar), for example by means of a plasma torch.
  • a neutral and preferably inert atmosphere Ar

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
EP81200313A 1980-03-25 1981-03-20 Schmelztauchverfahren Expired EP0037143B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE6/47114A BE882430A (fr) 1980-03-25 1980-03-25 Procede de revetement a chaud
BE47114 1980-03-25
BE47184 1980-06-09
BE6/47183A BE883724A (fr) 1980-06-09 1980-06-09 Procede de revetement a chaud d'aciers au silicium
BE47183 1980-06-09
BE6/47184A BE883725A (fr) 1980-06-09 1980-06-09 Procede de protection par des revetements metalliques multi-couches polyphases

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0037143A1 true EP0037143A1 (de) 1981-10-07
EP0037143B1 EP0037143B1 (de) 1985-03-20

Family

ID=27159690

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81200313A Expired EP0037143B1 (de) 1980-03-25 1981-03-20 Schmelztauchverfahren

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0037143B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3169319D1 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0097487A2 (de) * 1982-06-17 1984-01-04 Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Verfahren zum Herstellen korrosionsfester Beschichtungen auf eisenhaltigen Gegenständen
EP0106021A2 (de) * 1982-06-23 1984-04-25 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Mit einer Legierung aus Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium-Silizium beschichteter eisenhaltiger Gegenstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung
FR2548216A1 (fr) * 1983-06-28 1985-01-04 Fical Fils Cables Acier Lens Fil d'acier a revetements superposes resistant a la corrosion
FR2554831A1 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-17 Thomson Csf Procede de depot d'un revetement protecteur sur des pieces metalliques
EP0148740A1 (de) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-17 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Verfahren zum heissen Beschichten und Schmelzbad dafür
EP0337402A1 (de) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-18 Nippon Galvanizing Co., Ltd. Herstellungsverfahren für gut haftende Beschichtungen auf der Basis einer geschmolzenen Aluminium-Zinklegierung
GB2224041A (en) * 1988-09-02 1990-04-25 Verdun Hildreth Farnsworth Galvanising bath
EP0427389A1 (de) * 1989-11-06 1991-05-15 Dana Corporation Verfahren zur Behandlung von einem Werkstück aus Eisen für die nachfolgende metallurgische Verbindung mit gegossenem Aluminium
ES2038885A1 (es) * 1990-04-13 1993-08-01 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procedimiento para el revestimiento al temple en continuo de una banda de acero.
EP0647725A1 (de) * 1993-10-08 1995-04-12 Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Mit Eisenzink-Aluminium-Legierung beschichteter Stahldraht und Verfahren zur Herstellung
WO2001055469A1 (de) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-02 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Verfahren zum herstellen eines mit einer zinkbeschichtung versehenen stahlbandes und zinkbeschichtetes stahlband
EP1225246A1 (de) * 1999-08-09 2002-07-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Zn-Al-Mg-Si-LEGIERTES UND GEPLÄTTETES STAHLPRODUKT MIT EXZELLENTEN ANTI-KORROSIONS-EIGENSCHAFTEN UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DESSELBEN

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB876032A (en) * 1958-08-11 1961-08-30 British Non Ferrous Metals Res Improvements in or relating to the galvanizing of steel

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB287201A (en) * 1926-11-19 1928-03-19 Evan Arthur Atkins Improvements in and connected with the galvanizing or coating by dipping of steel
GB337399A (en) * 1929-07-29 1930-10-29 American Rolling Mill Co Coated metal bodies and process of producing same
GB1115673A (en) * 1964-07-14 1968-05-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Zinc-aluminum coated products and methods therefor
US3343930A (en) * 1964-07-14 1967-09-26 Bethlehem Steel Corp Ferrous metal article coated with an aluminum zinc alloy
NL6513832A (de) * 1964-10-28 1966-04-29
US3505043A (en) * 1969-01-08 1970-04-07 Inland Steel Co Al-mg-zn alloy coated ferrous metal sheet
DK134571B (da) * 1970-09-17 1976-11-29 Fredericia Galvaniseringsansta Fremgangsmåde til varmgalvanisering af jern- og ståloverflader med en zinklegering.
GB1324478A (en) * 1970-09-25 1973-07-25 Lysaght Australia Ltd Lead zinc wet-flux galvanizing process
US3952120A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-04-20 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Aluminum-zinc coated low-alloy ferrous product and method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB876032A (en) * 1958-08-11 1961-08-30 British Non Ferrous Metals Res Improvements in or relating to the galvanizing of steel

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0097487A2 (de) * 1982-06-17 1984-01-04 Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Verfahren zum Herstellen korrosionsfester Beschichtungen auf eisenhaltigen Gegenständen
EP0097487A3 (de) * 1982-06-17 1984-09-12 Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Verfahren zum Herstellen korrosionsfester Beschichtungen auf eisenhaltigen Gegenständen
EP0106021A2 (de) * 1982-06-23 1984-04-25 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Mit einer Legierung aus Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium-Silizium beschichteter eisenhaltiger Gegenstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung
EP0106021A3 (en) * 1982-06-23 1984-09-12 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Ferrous product having an alloy coating thereon of aluminium-zinc-magnesium-silicon, and method
US4605598A (en) * 1983-06-28 1986-08-12 Fils Et Cables D'acier De Lens (Fical) Steel wire having superposed coatings resisting corrosion
FR2548216A1 (fr) * 1983-06-28 1985-01-04 Fical Fils Cables Acier Lens Fil d'acier a revetements superposes resistant a la corrosion
EP0132424A1 (de) * 1983-06-28 1985-01-30 TREFILUNION Société Anonyme Korrosionsbeständiger Überzug für Stahldraht
FR2554831A1 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-17 Thomson Csf Procede de depot d'un revetement protecteur sur des pieces metalliques
EP0148740A1 (de) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-17 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif Verfahren zum heissen Beschichten und Schmelzbad dafür
EP0337402A1 (de) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-18 Nippon Galvanizing Co., Ltd. Herstellungsverfahren für gut haftende Beschichtungen auf der Basis einer geschmolzenen Aluminium-Zinklegierung
US5096666A (en) * 1988-09-02 1992-03-17 Farnsworth Verdun H Rare earth and aluminium containing galvanizing bath and method
GB2224041A (en) * 1988-09-02 1990-04-25 Verdun Hildreth Farnsworth Galvanising bath
EP0427389A1 (de) * 1989-11-06 1991-05-15 Dana Corporation Verfahren zur Behandlung von einem Werkstück aus Eisen für die nachfolgende metallurgische Verbindung mit gegossenem Aluminium
ES2038885A1 (es) * 1990-04-13 1993-08-01 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procedimiento para el revestimiento al temple en continuo de una banda de acero.
EP0647725A1 (de) * 1993-10-08 1995-04-12 Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Mit Eisenzink-Aluminium-Legierung beschichteter Stahldraht und Verfahren zur Herstellung
EP1225246A1 (de) * 1999-08-09 2002-07-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Zn-Al-Mg-Si-LEGIERTES UND GEPLÄTTETES STAHLPRODUKT MIT EXZELLENTEN ANTI-KORROSIONS-EIGENSCHAFTEN UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DESSELBEN
EP1225246A4 (de) * 1999-08-09 2005-02-09 Nippon Steel Corp Zn-Al-Mg-Si-LEGIERTES UND GEPLÄTTETES STAHLPRODUKT MIT EXZELLENTEN ANTI-KORROSIONS-EIGENSCHAFTEN UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DESSELBEN
CN100334250C (zh) * 1999-08-09 2007-08-29 新日本制铁株式会社 耐腐蚀性优异的Zn－Al－Mg－Si合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法
WO2001055469A1 (de) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-02 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag Verfahren zum herstellen eines mit einer zinkbeschichtung versehenen stahlbandes und zinkbeschichtetes stahlband

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3169319D1 (en) 1985-04-25
EP0037143B1 (de) 1985-03-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0037143A1 (de) Schmelztauchverfahren
KR20070107138A (ko) 강 스트립 도금 방법 및 상기 도금층이 부착된 강 스트립
JP2004514789A (ja) 溶融亜鉛メッキのための融剤と方法
FR2692284A1 (fr) Tôle revêtue et procédé de fabrication de cette tôle.
EP0594520B1 (de) Feuerverzinkte Stahlgegenstände und Verfahren zur Herstellung
FR2790010A1 (fr) Procede d'aluminiage d'acier permettant d'obtenir une couche d'alliage interfaciale de faible epaisseur
LU85886A1 (fr) Procede de depot en continu d'un revetement de zinc-aluminium sur un produit ferreux,par immersion dans un bain de metal fondu
BE1011131A6 (fr) Procede de revetement d'une bande d'acier par galvanisation a chaud.
EP0095402B1 (de) Verfahren und Legierung zur Feuerverzinkung von Silicium enthaltenden Stählen und verzinkte Gegenstände
BE882430A (fr) Procede de revetement a chaud
EP0042636A2 (de) Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung von durch einen Überzug geschützten Oberflächen
BE883724A (fr) Procede de revetement a chaud d'aciers au silicium
EP0848076B1 (de) Verfahren zur Heisstauch-Beschichtung einer Stahlplatte; galvanisierte oder aluminisierte Stahlplatte so hergestellt
EP0579642B1 (de) Verfahren zur feuerverzinkung und legierung zur verwendung der feurverzinkung
JPH04214848A (ja) 溶融亜鉛メッキ被覆物及び溶融亜鉛メッキ方法
JPH0860329A (ja) 合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法
EP0111039A1 (de) Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Tauchverzinken und Anlassen eines Metalldrahtes mit grosser Geschwindigkeit
BE1013517A3 (fr) Procede de galvanisation de toles d'acier.
BE897788A (fr) Revetement a base de fer - zinc - aluminium et procedes pour le realiser
Komatsu et al. Initial stage of formation of interfacial alloy layers in hot-dip galvanizing
WO1983000885A1 (en) Improvements to galvanizing process of sheet steel or steel plates
JPH04333551A (ja) 溶融Ｚｎめっき鋼板及びその製造方法
LU86738A1 (fr) Procede pour ameliorer les proprietes d'un substrat pourvu d'un revetement a base de zinc
BE1011425A3 (fr) Procede de revetement d'une bande d'acier par galvanisation au trempe.
BE1007794A6 (fr) Procede de revetement d'une bande d'acier.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT LU

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820331

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR R

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): DE FR GB LU

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB LU

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19850331

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3169319

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850425

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19860404

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881118

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19881201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST