EP0027643A1 - Antenne directionnelle pour un brouilleur travaillant en poursuite de cible avec un radar - Google Patents

Antenne directionnelle pour un brouilleur travaillant en poursuite de cible avec un radar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0027643A1
EP0027643A1 EP80106313A EP80106313A EP0027643A1 EP 0027643 A1 EP0027643 A1 EP 0027643A1 EP 80106313 A EP80106313 A EP 80106313A EP 80106313 A EP80106313 A EP 80106313A EP 0027643 A1 EP0027643 A1 EP 0027643A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
protection
antenna arrangement
arrangement according
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80106313A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0027643B1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Dipl.-Ing. Brunner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0027643A1 publication Critical patent/EP0027643A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0027643B1 publication Critical patent/EP0027643B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/005—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing two patterns of opposite direction; back to back antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/20—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for an interferer, which is intended to protect both a distant object (external protection) and itself or an object located directly in its vicinity (self-protection).
  • Such an interfering antenna arrangement is intended to emit interference radiation from the ground or from the ship against aircraft flying at a constant height, or from the aircraft against objects on the ground or on the water, in such a way that the same interference effect is achieved regardless of the distance and that this is possible both for self-protection and for external protection.
  • interference antennas In order to achieve an optimal interference effect at the reception location, interference antennas often have a pencil-shaped radiation beam. However, this results in the difficulty of alignment and tracking on two levels, for example in the.horizonta len and in the vertical plane.
  • the counterpart with the lowest antenna expenditure is an omnidirectional radiator, the disadvantage of which, however, is the low antenna gain and the ease of detection.
  • the object of the invention is, on the one hand, to reduce the effort required for pencil-shaped bundling and, on the other hand, to avoid the disadvantages of the unbundled antenna arrangement.
  • the antenna arrangement should be simple, small, light and can be swiveled quickly so that it can be used universally and can be directed at different objects in a rapidly changing manner.
  • this object is achieved in that a separate antenna is provided for the external protection and for the self-protection in each case, that the two antennas in a first plane a sharp g ebündeltes radiation pattern and in a second plane which is perpendicular to the first plane, a have radiation pattern optimized for external protection or self-protection and that the two antennas, between which it is possible to switch, are structurally combined and rotatable together in the first level.
  • Another solution of the problem consists in the fact that for the external protection and for-the self-protection one - is provided antenna g in a first plane a sharply collimated Strahlun sdiagramm and, in a second plane which is perpendicular to the first plane a Radiation diagram generated, which is not optimized for third-party or intrinsic protection, but has a common diagram form for the two types of protection, and that the antenna is tiltable in the second level, so that its main beam direction in one case with a 'third-party protection cheapest rich device (smaller elevation angle) and in the other case agrees with a direction which is most favorable for self-protection (larger elevation angle), that the antenna is rotatable in the first plane and that a device for switching between external and self-protection is provided, the control of which together the antenna tilt control takes place. Since this solution only emphasizes the rough diagram form, the antenna arrangement can be designed more easily than in the first solution. However, the optimum ranges over the entire elevation angle range are then also
  • An antenna arrangement designed according to the invention thus only needs to be tracked in one plane, namely in the first plane. It therefore only needs to be movable on this level and is appropriately instructed by a reconnaissance system. In the plane perpendicular to this, their radiation pattern covers a large elevation angle range - depending on which of the antennas is switched on. with the external protection or self-protection effect. Due to the antenna arrangement designed according to the invention, the interferer can be adapted to the respective threat situation and it is possible to quickly switch back and forth between several objects.
  • the first level is the horizontal level, i.e. H. the azimuth plane, and the second plane the vertical plane, d. H. the elevation level. It is then tracked in the horizontal plane, whereas the suitably shaped, broader radiation diagram is used in the elevation plane, by means of which the elevation angle range that is in question for external or internal protection is covered.
  • an antenna tracking is carried out and a suitably shaped, broader radiation pattern is used in the elevation plane, by which the elevation angle range in question is covered.
  • the optimal shaping of the radiation diagram in this elevation angle range assuming a constant flight altitude or an interference effect up to a certain altitude depends on the task of the interferer.
  • the well-known Kosekans-squared law should be aimed for.
  • the line of constant flight altitude can be regarded as a relative field strength diagram of the interfering antenna.
  • This law also applies if interferer 1 is on board a flying object and is intended to disrupt target 3 on the ground.
  • the representation of Fig. 1 is then only to be turned upside down.
  • the disturber 1 is at height H.
  • the graph G F ( ⁇ ) with the most distant target then coincides with the ground.
  • FIG. 2 serves to explain the self-protection, the horizontal distance a also being plotted on the abscissa and the flight height h plotted on the ordinate.
  • the interferer 4 is intended to protect itself or an object located directly in its vicinity, there are completely different conditions than in the case of external protection according to FIG. 1. That on board the goat. 5 radar located, it is assumed that the system at the interferer 4 detects and receives a net power dependent on the retroreflective cross section of the system. This net power depends on the function from the distance r.
  • the angular range in the vicinity of the zenith or nadir in the case of an on-board disturbance therefore requires the greatest amount of energy, but is unimportant here because of the shortness of the overflight phase and because of the limited ability to act. It is therefore favorable to only follow the semicircular shape in the coverage diagram up to a medium elevation angle and then to have the radiation diagram broken off. For the elevation angles near the ground in the lowest part of the semicircle, however, the diagram level should be raised somewhat to compensate for ground disturbances.
  • the optimal radiation diagram types for interferers shown in FIG. 3 then arise for the two cases of external and internal protection.
  • the optimal radiation diagram for external protection is 7 and the optimum Radiation diagram for self-protection designated 8.
  • FIG. 4 The relationship between the optimal self-protection diagrams and different approach heights is shown in FIG. 4. Due to the shorter distance at low approach heights, more interference power is required. The diagram shape and thus the antenna design remains unaffected. The critical angle is labeled ⁇ and the maximum distance E. In contrast, the form of the diagram in the case of external interference due to the maximum range depends on the flight altitude and is determined by the relationship between the detection altitude and the range. This also affects the antenna design.
  • a double-curved reflector makes it easy to implement a radiation diagram formed in the vertical plane.
  • the different radiation diagrams of FIG. 3 can only be generated by different antennas or reflectors. If an interferer had to perform only one of the two tasks, ie either internal or external protection, it would be sufficient to select a suitable arrangement. If, on the other hand, the interferer is to protect himself or another object depending on the threat, this can be done by a combination of two antennas, which is possible in a compact manner, especially in the X / Ku band frequency range. There are various expedient possibilities for this, which are shown in FIGS. 5 to 8. Applying the principle of the rotating reflector and fixed radiator, a compact arrangement of the two reflectors leads to an antenna design according to FIG. 5.
  • the two primary radiators of the two antennas are designed as fixed horn radiators 9 and 10.
  • the two reflectors 11 and 12 are arranged essentially obliquely one above the other, but rotatably back to back about a common, vertically extending axis 13.
  • the Both reflectors 11 and 12 are combined in a packet-like manner with a holder 14 and are stored in a bearing 15 without inertia, if possible, in order to enable short turning and setting times.
  • the two feed lines 16 and 17, like the two horns 9 and 10, are fixed, the feed line 17 for the upper horn 10 being brought up on the outside. This results in slight shadowing, which, however, does not significantly affect the radiation diagrams.
  • the lower antenna which consists of the horn 9 and the rotating reflector 11, serves as an external protection antenna, while the antenna arranged at the top, which is composed of the horn 10 and the rotating reflector 12, is provided for self-protection.
  • the entire antenna is covered by a likewise fixed radome 18, for example made of a low-loss integral polyurethane foam, to which the feed line 17 for the upper horn 10 can be attached.
  • circularly polarized horns are used in an advantageous manner, for which frequency bandwidths up to an octave can be achieved.
  • the larger bandwidth of the linearly polarized horn radiators, which are fed by ridge waveguides, would lead to a direction-dependent linear polarization due to a rotating full metal reflector.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of an antenna arrangement for external and internal protection according to the invention is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the primary emitter namely the horn emitter 19
  • the other horn emitter 20 together with the two reflectors 21 and 22, which are arranged obliquely one above the other but back to back, is rotatably mounted about a common, vertical axis.
  • the feed line 23 to the upper horn 20 thus rotates with the two reflectors 21 and 22 and is connected to the jammer via a rotary coupling 24.
  • shading by a feed line no longer occurs and any polarization, e.g. B.
  • a linear polarization with 45 ° can also be selected.
  • the antenna consisting of the fixed horn 19 and the rotating reflector 21 is used for external protection and the upper antenna consisting of the rotating horn 20 and the co-rotating reflector 22 is used for self-protection.
  • the entire antenna is covered by a radome 25 for protection reasons.
  • the reflectors of the two antennas are arranged back to back, as a result of which the main beam directions of the two antennas are offset from one another by 180 ° in azimuth. However, this is irrelevant for the different tasks of the two antennas.
  • FIG. 7 Another possible embodiment for an antenna for external and internal protection according to the invention is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the two antennas are arranged side by side in such a way that the two reflectors 26 and 27 are approximately at a height and back to back to each other.
  • Both reflectors 26 and 27 are mounted rotatably about a common vertical axis together with the two primary emitters assigned to them in the form of horn emitters 28 and 29.
  • a rotary coupling 30 is provided to Electrical connection to the rotatably mounted horns 28 and 29, a rotary coupling 30 is provided.
  • the switch 31 for switching between external and internal protection is located between the single-channel rotary coupling 30 and the feed lines 32 and 33 to the two horn radiators 28 and 29.
  • the rotary base for the entire antenna is designated by 34 .
  • the polarization can be chosen arbitrarily for the two antennas arranged next to one another, but is preferably linear 45 °. Although the arrangement requires a larger overall diameter than the arrangements according to FIGS. 5 and 6, it is smaller.
  • This antenna is also covered with a radiation-permeable radome 36.
  • a common azimuthal main beam direction of the two antennas is achieved if these are arranged one above the other in accordance with the arrangement according to FIG.
  • the two reflectors 36 and 37 are mounted one above the other on a common holder 38 and are acted upon by two horns 39 and 40, respectively. Both reflectors 36 and 37 are mounted rotatably about a common vertical axis together with the two horn radiators 39 and 40 assigned to them.
  • a rotary coupling 41 is provided for the electrical connection to the rotatably mounted horns 39 and 40.
  • the switch 42 for switching between foreign -. Is located and self-protection, as well as in the arrangement of Figure 7, between the one channel formed rotary coupling 41 and the Zu effet.43 and 44 to the two primary radiators 39 and 40.
  • the polarization can be used for both Antennas can be chosen arbitrarily, but is preferably linear and is 45 °. 8 is higher than that of FIG. 7, but requires a smaller diameter. It is surrounded by a radiation-permeable radome 45.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 can in principle be expanded by additional emitters on both sides of the existing horn emitters, so that they enable radar operation with monopulse reception for azimuth tracking.
  • the frequency bandwidth must be narrowed and the antenna dimension increased if necessary.
  • a less complex antenna design can be realized if only the rough diagram form is important.
  • only one antenna which consists of a reflector and a primary radiator and is designed to be tiltable, is used.
  • the vertical diagrams for external and internal protection no longer show the different forms shown in FIG. 3, but a common middle diagram form.
  • the two different main beam directions of the antenna are set by tilting them.
  • the optimal ranges over the entire elevation angle range are no longer achieved.
  • the interfering antenna combination For the use of the interfering antenna combination according to the invention, it is assumed that a radar or reconnaissance device is available which determines the azimuth angle of the object to be interfered with. Since in most cases these devices only carry out a target location in azimuth, an interference antenna combination that also only tracks in azimuth works optimally with it.
  • the instruction and target tracking of the interfering antenna is controlled by the radar or reconnaissance device. To disrupt several objects, the interfering antenna can be adjusted from one object to the other by a rapid rotary movement.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP80106313A 1979-10-22 1980-10-16 Antenne directionnelle pour un brouilleur travaillant en poursuite de cible avec un radar Expired EP0027643B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2942557A DE2942557C2 (de) 1979-10-22 1979-10-22 Richtantennenanordnung bzw. Richtantenne für einen Störsender
DE2942557 1979-10-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0027643A1 true EP0027643A1 (fr) 1981-04-29
EP0027643B1 EP0027643B1 (fr) 1985-06-05

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EP80106313A Expired EP0027643B1 (fr) 1979-10-22 1980-10-16 Antenne directionnelle pour un brouilleur travaillant en poursuite de cible avec un radar

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US (1) US4529990A (fr)
EP (1) EP0027643B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2942557C2 (fr)
NO (1) NO803123L (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0064694A1 (fr) * 1981-05-12 1982-11-17 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Antenne à micro-ondes, en particulier millimétriques, pour liaisons linéaires
US4579678A (en) * 1983-06-20 1986-04-01 Lever Brothers Company Detergent bleach compositions

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IT1200024B (it) * 1986-09-22 1989-01-05 Gte Telecom Spa Sistema irradiante a diversita' angloare per radiocollegamenti a diffusione troposferica
DE3907203A1 (de) * 1989-03-07 1990-09-13 Telefunken Systemtechnik Vorrichtung zur radarbildabtastung
FR2648278A1 (fr) * 1989-06-13 1990-12-14 Europ Agence Spatiale Antenne a faisceaux commutables
FR2651071B1 (fr) * 1989-08-18 1992-01-03 Thomson Csf Antenne a reflecteur pour radar
US6111549A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-08-29 Satloc, Inc. Flexible circuit antenna and method of manufacture thereof
GB9914162D0 (en) * 1999-06-18 1999-08-18 Secr Defence Brit Steerable transponders
US7948769B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2011-05-24 Hemisphere Gps Llc Tightly-coupled PCB GNSS circuit and manufacturing method
US7885745B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2011-02-08 Hemisphere Gps Llc GNSS control system and method
US8271194B2 (en) 2004-03-19 2012-09-18 Hemisphere Gps Llc Method and system using GNSS phase measurements for relative positioning
US8138970B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2012-03-20 Hemisphere Gps Llc GNSS-based tracking of fixed or slow-moving structures
US8634993B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2014-01-21 Agjunction Llc GNSS based control for dispensing material from vehicle
US8265826B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2012-09-11 Hemisphere GPS, LLC Combined GNSS gyroscope control system and method
US8594879B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2013-11-26 Agjunction Llc GNSS guidance and machine control
US8686900B2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2014-04-01 Hemisphere GNSS, Inc. Multi-antenna GNSS positioning method and system
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US8174437B2 (en) 2009-07-29 2012-05-08 Hemisphere Gps Llc System and method for augmenting DGNSS with internally-generated differential correction
US8334804B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2012-12-18 Hemisphere Gps Llc Multi-frequency GNSS receiver baseband DSP
US8649930B2 (en) 2009-09-17 2014-02-11 Agjunction Llc GNSS integrated multi-sensor control system and method
US8548649B2 (en) 2009-10-19 2013-10-01 Agjunction Llc GNSS optimized aircraft control system and method
US8583326B2 (en) 2010-02-09 2013-11-12 Agjunction Llc GNSS contour guidance path selection
FR2996007B1 (fr) * 2012-09-21 2014-10-31 Thales Sa Antenne reseau pour l'emission d'ondes electromagnetiques et procede de determination de la position d'une cible

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DE901805C (de) * 1944-07-12 1954-01-14 Telefunken Gmbh Antennensystem fuer Rundsuchgeraete
US3242491A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-03-22 Raytheon Co Inverted v-beam antenna system
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DE2558720A1 (de) * 1975-12-24 1977-07-07 Licentia Gmbh Reflektorantennenanordnung fuer primaer- und sekundaer-radarbetrieb
US4158840A (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-06-19 General Signal Corporation 3-D Radar comprising 2-D radar with height finding attachment

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US3242491A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-03-22 Raytheon Co Inverted v-beam antenna system
US3710382A (en) * 1971-04-14 1973-01-09 Cossor A Ltd Secondary radar
US3916416A (en) * 1974-09-24 1975-10-28 Us Navy 360{20 {0 Azimuth scanning antenna without rotating RF joints
DE2550699A1 (de) * 1975-11-12 1977-05-18 Licentia Gmbh Radaranlage mit einem elevationalen doppel-diagramm-antennensystem
DE2558720A1 (de) * 1975-12-24 1977-07-07 Licentia Gmbh Reflektorantennenanordnung fuer primaer- und sekundaer-radarbetrieb
US4158840A (en) * 1977-11-11 1979-06-19 General Signal Corporation 3-D Radar comprising 2-D radar with height finding attachment

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Title
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NACHRICHTENTECHNISCHE FACHBERICHTE, Band 45, 1972, Seiten 162-166, VDE-Verlag Berlin, DE, H. BRUNNER: "Kurzbericht uber die Entwicklung einer Doppel-Beam-Radar-Antenne mit speziellen dielektrischen Strahlern" *
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0064694A1 (fr) * 1981-05-12 1982-11-17 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH Antenne à micro-ondes, en particulier millimétriques, pour liaisons linéaires
US4579678A (en) * 1983-06-20 1986-04-01 Lever Brothers Company Detergent bleach compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4529990A (en) 1985-07-16
DE2942557A1 (de) 1981-04-30
DE2942557C2 (de) 1983-01-27
NO803123L (no) 1981-04-23
EP0027643B1 (fr) 1985-06-05

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