EP0135742B1 - Antenne omnidirectionnelle - Google Patents

Antenne omnidirectionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0135742B1
EP0135742B1 EP84109263A EP84109263A EP0135742B1 EP 0135742 B1 EP0135742 B1 EP 0135742B1 EP 84109263 A EP84109263 A EP 84109263A EP 84109263 A EP84109263 A EP 84109263A EP 0135742 B1 EP0135742 B1 EP 0135742B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier body
antenna
radiator elements
section
omnidirectional antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84109263A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0135742A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Tymann
Hans-Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG filed Critical Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Publication of EP0135742A1 publication Critical patent/EP0135742A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0135742B1 publication Critical patent/EP0135742B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/43—Scimitar antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an omnidirectional antenna according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • antenna arrangements of this type for example in the case of missiles or also in the case of spacecraft or satellites, for example for telemetry and steering command transmission purposes.
  • the antenna arrangement should be able to be designed flexibly with regard to the processing of different types of polarization and in particular for circularly polarized radiation.
  • the antenna arrangement should take up as little space as possible and should have high mechanical stability and low weight.
  • FIG. 272 shows a turnstile antenna as used in the third stage of the ELDO-A launch vehicle.
  • This has an axially symmetrical, cylindrical support body, on the circumference of which four radiator elements are each offset from one another by 90 °.
  • These are dipole rods, which initially protrude radially from the carrier body and are bent at right angles shortly above its surface, so that they run at a distance from the surface of the carrier body and parallel to its axis of symmetry.
  • the dipole rods are fed directly at their radially protruding ends, see also O. Zinke, H.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an omnidirectional antenna of the type mentioned at the outset with which an isotropic omnidirectional behavior can be achieved as far as possible.
  • radiator elements of the same type should be attached to the circumference of an axially symmetrical support body at regular angular intervals.
  • These radiator elements should be constructed according to the principle of transmission line, low silhouette blade or scimitar antennas known per se.
  • Their antenna rods can either be attached to a separate base plate, which is conductively fastened on the carrier body, or directly on the carrier body.
  • the base plate or carrier body are also referred to below as the antenna base.
  • Such a radiator element is usually supplied via a coaxial cable, the outer conductor of which is conductively connected to the antenna base and the inner conductor of which, after being insulated, is conductively connected to the antenna rod.
  • the position of the base point of the inner conductor on the antenna rod depends primarily on the operating wavelength and the distance from the antenna base.
  • the radiation behavior of such a radiator element is determined by two waves polarized orthogonally to one another.
  • the primary wave is excited essentially by the inner conductor crossing the gap between the antenna base and the antenna rod, resulting in an omnidirectional polarization parallel to the inner conductor, similar to the radiation of a monopole.
  • the secondary wave is excited by the antenna rod and is polarized parallel to it.
  • the entire spatial radiation diagram of such a radiator element results from the superposition of these two waves, which, depending on the radiation direction, leads to the occurrence of linear to circular polarization of both directions of rotation. This radiation behavior is also exhibited by the low-silhouette-blade radiator elements described in “Frequency”, 27 (1973), No. 3, pp. 74-77.
  • radiator elements of this type are arranged at regular intervals on the circumference of a symmetrical support body, as mentioned above, in such a way that their antenna rods with respect to the axis of symmetry of the support body or whose parallels are inclined.
  • the individual radiator elements are to be fed in a known manner with a phase shift which results from dividing the full angle by 360 ° by the number of radiator elements arranged overall on the circumference. This means that these phase shifts, which are rectified in one revolution, add up to 360 °.
  • the radiator elements should all have essentially the same geometric dimensions, and their antenna rods should all be inclined by the same angular amount with respect to the axis of symmetry of the carrier body.
  • the inclination will preferably take place in each case in a plane which is oriented parallel to the axis of symmetry and whose surface normal intersects the axis of symmetry.
  • the above-mentioned low silhouette blade antennas are only shown in the cited literature as single radiators, which are mounted on a base plate or on a cylindrical carrier body.
  • the radiation diagrams given for these individual radiators for the two orthogonal polarization directions are far from reflecting an isotropic omnidirectional behavior. It cannot even be concluded from these individual radiator diagrams that such an isotropic omnidirectional behavior can be achieved by attaching several individual radiator elements distributed around the circumference of the cylindrical support body. Rather, the associated individual diagrams, for example, Figures 3b and 4a, suggest that a strong dip in the radiation intensity will always remain in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical support body.
  • the invention now surprisingly eliminates this deficiency in that the antenna rods of the individual radiating elements are no longer arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry of the support body, but rather are inclined to it.
  • the omnidirectional antenna follows with which direction of rotation the radiator elements are to be fed.
  • the antenna rods of the radiator elements are inclined with their free ends to the side that corresponds to the direction of rotation of the polarization and thus the rotating field. If the antenna rods are left in the previous position when there is a change in polarization and the associated change in the rotating field of the feed, there is a reduction in the isotropy in the rear region.
  • a cone-shaped reflector with a cross-section tapering towards the radiator elements or perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of a flat reflector is arranged coaxially to the axis of symmetry at the end of the carrier body facing away from the free ends of the antenna rods.
  • a metallic reflector which is conductively connected to the support body, ensures that the cross-polarized interference radiation, which is otherwise primarily directed into the rear space, is largely converted into useful radiation of the desired polarization by reflection on the reflector surface and simultaneous phase reversal. This effect can be optimized by correct positioning and dimensioning of the reflector. This is associated with a considerable reduction in the interference radiation component that is disorderly reflected on the satellite structure.
  • a further, planar reflector can be arranged behind this first reflector at a distance from it and projecting beyond its edge.
  • This reflector reinforces the above effect by largely reducing diffraction of the interfering radiation around the edge of the first reflector and thus additionally contributing to the suppression of the cross-polarized radiation in the rear area, which reverses the direction of polarization when reflected, for example, on the satellite body would interfere with the useful radiation in an uncontrolled manner.
  • a further coordination of the radiation diagram can be made possible in that the carrier body projects in the axial direction beyond the free ends of the antenna rods. This is preferably done by an amount of a quarter to half the operating wavelength. In particular, this improves the isotropy of the radiation.
  • a preferred embodiment of the antenna arrangement according to the invention is given in that the carrier body has a constant square cross section and carries a radiating element on each of its four side surfaces.
  • the free ends of the respective antenna rods are inclined in planes parallel to the respective side surface by a predeterminable angle with respect to the axis of symmetry of the carrier body.
  • the four radiator elements are fed with a 90 ° phase difference to each other.
  • a hybrid network is expediently used, which can be integrated on the back of the further flat reflector.
  • the interconnection can be designed in such a way that the hybrid network is connected on the output side to the individual radiator elements via HF lines.
  • the carrier body is designed as a hollow body, so that the HF lines, for example coaxial cables, run in its interior and can be connected to the radiator elements through its side walls.
  • the omnidirectional antenna should be flexible with regard to the two possible directions of rotation of the circular polarization.
  • the hybrid network is expediently equipped on the input side with an input for left-handed and right-handed polarization or phase control.
  • the carrier body 1 shows a side view of an omnidirectional antenna, which essentially consists of a carrier body 1, four radiator elements 2, a frustoconical first reflector 12 and a flat reflector 13.
  • the carrier body has a square cross-section in its upper part, which supports the emitter elements 2, and in a subsequent part 10 changes to a circular cross-section, which it retains in its lower part 14.
  • the carrier body 1, 10, 14 is formed over its entire length as a hollow body and made of metal, such as aluminum. It has an axis of symmetry 5.
  • the radiator elements 2 are of the type of the so-called transmission line or low silhouette blade antennas and essentially consist of a metallic base plate 3 and a likewise metallic antenna rod 4, which is parallel to and at a certain distance over almost its entire length Base plate 3 out and is conductively connected to this.
  • the radiating element 2 is designed as a casting, so that the antenna rod 4 has electrically conductive contact with the carrier body via the base plate 3.
  • the radiator elements 2 are each fed via their own coaxial cable 6. This is shown in more detail by a partial section on the radiator element 2a. Accordingly, the coaxial cable 6, initially coming from the interior of the hollow carrier body 1, is passed through a corresponding opening in its wall. The outer conductor 9 is then brought into electrical contact with the base plate 3.
  • the inner conductor 7 with the insulation 8 surrounding it is then passed through an opening provided in the base plate 3.
  • the inner conductor 7 is expediently sunk into a bore in the antenna rod 4, providing good electrical contact.
  • the coaxial cable 6 can also be connected to the radiator elements 2 by means of HF plug connections. Instead of coaxial cables, other HF lines can also be used.
  • the coaxial cables of the four radiator elements are connected to the corresponding outputs of a hybrid network 16, which can be attached to the underside of the reflector plate 13. Power is supplied with a 90 ° phase shift between adjacent radiator elements with a rotating field that rotates clockwise with respect to the axis of symmetry.
  • the preferred direction of polarization is circularly clockwise.
  • the omnidirectional antenna is dimensioned such that the side length c of the square cross section and the length d of the part of the support body 1 protruding beyond the emitter elements 2 are each approximately ⁇ / 4 to A./2, the total length I of the omnidirectional antenna 1.5 ⁇ and the diameter D of the reflector plate 13 is approximately ⁇ .
  • the angle ⁇ by which the antenna rods 4 or the planes of symmetry 18 of the radiator elements 2 given by their longitudinal extension and their connection point 17 to the carrier body are inclined with respect to the direction given by the axis of symmetry 5, up to 45 ° , preferably between 18 ° and 36 °.
  • a favorable range for half the opening angle ⁇ / 2 of the frustoconical reflector 12 is ⁇ / 2> 45 °.
  • the solid curve R represents the relative radiation power of the right-hand circularly polarized radiation desired in the present case, depending on the angle of deposit 0.
  • the omnidirectional antenna shown schematically serves the simultaneous operation of right and left circular polarization.
  • the radiator elements 19 are arranged at a mutual spacing of 90 ° on a rotationally symmetrical support body 20 with a circular cylindrical cross section such that they are oriented parallel to the axis of symmetry 21 of the support body 20.
  • the radiator elements 19 are fed by a hybrid network via coaxial cables, each with a 90 ° phase difference.
  • the transition part 22 adjoining the part 15 of the carrier body 20 which is oriented towards the front with respect to the arrow direction 15 and has a constant circular cylindrical cross section has an expanding circular cross section and a longitudinally sectioned double-curved, namely double exponentially shaped outer contour. This design helps shape the diagram.
  • the surface currents generated by the radiator elements 19 flow on the surface of the carrier body 20 and, to a lesser extent, on the double exponentially shaped transition part 22. These currents in turn generate an electromagnetic field which interferes with the primary radiation field. Due to the curvature of the surface, however, there are no preferred spatial directions for the interfering radiation field. As a result, the radiation behavior of the antenna is largely preserved in the angular range 0 ° ⁇ A ⁇ 90 °.
  • the exponentially shaped transition part 22 acts as a geometrically optical shadow, which can be adjusted by changing the distance between the emitter elements 19 and the special shape of the exponential transition part. Due to the special shape of the transition part there is no diffracted radiation field.
  • a wave trap 24 of radial depth ⁇ / 4 is used in the end part 23 adjoining the transition part 22, which in turn has a constant circular cross section with an enlarged radius points.
  • the reduction of the cross-polar level in the angular range 90 ° ⁇ 0 ⁇ 150 ° is approx. 10 dB.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Antenne omnidirectionnelle comprenant un support (1) de section transversale symétrique par rapport à l'axe et électriquement conducteur au niveau de sa surface, ainsi que plusieurs éléments émetteurs (2) qui, installés avec un écart angulaire régulier les uns par rapport aux autres sur la périphérie du support (2), sont alimentés, par rapport aux éléments émetteurs respectivement voisins, avec un déphasage correspondant à l'écart angulaire et comportent des bâtons d'antenne (4) respectivement disposés à distance de la surface du support, caractérisée par le fait que les bâtons d'antenne (4), sur un côté, sont chacun raccordés de façon conductrice au support (1), que les bâtons d'antenne sont respectivement raccordés à un conducteur d'alimentation (7) qui leur est propre, qui est isolé vis-à-vis de la surface conductrice du support (2) et qui passe à travers la fente comprise entre le support (1) et le bâton d'antenne (7) et que les plans de symétrie, définis par la longueur des bâtons d'antenne (4) ainsi que par leurs points de raccordement au support (1), sont inclinés par rapport à l'axe de symétrie du support (1).
2. Antenne omnidirectionnelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'un réflecteur tronconique (12) de section transversale allant en se diminuant en direction des éléments émetteurs (2) est installé à l'extrémité du support (1) opposée aux extrémités libres des bâtons d'antenne (4), coaxialement à l'axe de symétrie (5) du support (1).
3. Antenne omnidirectionnelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'un réflecteur plan est installé à l'extrémité du support (1) opposée aux extrémités libres des bâtons d'antenne, perpendiculairement à l'axe de symétrie (5) du support (1).
4. Antenne omnidirectionnelle selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée par le fait qu'un autre réflecteur plan (13) est installé, vu par rapport aux éléments émetteurs (2), derrière le réflecteur tronconique (12) ou le réflecteur plan, à distance de ce dernier et faisant saillie en-dehors de son bord.
5. Antenne omnidirectionnelle selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait qu'en cas d'un support (1) de section transversale carrée, un élément émetteur (2) est disposé sur chacune de ses quatre surfaces latérales.
6. Antenne omnidirectionnelle comprenant un support (20) de section transversale symétrique par rapport à l'axe et électriquement conducteur au niveau de sa surface, ainsi que plusieurs éléments émetteurs (19) qui, installés avec un écart angulaire régulier les uns par rapport aux autres, sur la périphérie du suppport. sont alimentés, par rapport aux éléments émetteurs respectivement voisins, avec un déphasage correspondant à l'écart angulaire et comportent des bâtons d'antenne droits (4) respectivement disposés à distance de la surface du support parallèlement à l'axe, caractérisée par le fait que les bâtons d'antenne (4), par un côté, sont respectivement raccordés de façon électriquement conductrice au support (20) et par ailleurs à leur propre conducteur d'alimentation passant à travers la fente comprise entre le support (20) et le bâton d'antenne (4) et isolé vis-à-vis de la surface conductrice du support (20).
7. Antenne omnidirectionnelle selon la revendication 6, caractérisée par le fait que le support (20) comporte une partie de section transversale cylindrique circulaire constante portant les éléments émetteurs (19) ainsi qu'une partie transitoire (22), s'y rattachant, de section transversale circulaire allant en augmentant et se terminant en une partie finale (23) cylindrique circulaire consécutive, la partie transitoire (22) présentant, en coupe longitudinale, un contour extérieur à double courbure en sens contraire, de préférence exponentielle.
8. Antenne omnidirectionnelle selon la revendication 7, caractérisée par le fait qu'un piège d'ondes (24), formé par un évidement annulaire de profondeur radiale λI4, est prévu dans la partie finale cylindrique circulaire (23).
EP84109263A 1983-08-04 1984-08-03 Antenne omnidirectionnelle Expired EP0135742B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3328115 1983-08-04
DE19833328115 DE3328115A1 (de) 1983-08-04 1983-08-04 Antennenanordnung zur erzielung isotropen rundstrahlverhaltens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0135742A1 EP0135742A1 (fr) 1985-04-03
EP0135742B1 true EP0135742B1 (fr) 1989-03-22

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Family Applications (1)

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EP84109263A Expired EP0135742B1 (fr) 1983-08-04 1984-08-03 Antenne omnidirectionnelle

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EP (1) EP0135742B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3328115A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3503440A1 (de) * 1983-08-04 1986-08-07 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Antennenanordnung zur erzielung isotropen rundstrahlverhaltens
DE102006024129B3 (de) * 2006-05-22 2007-09-27 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. L- oder S-Band-Antenne für Wiedereintrittskörper
CN112864596B (zh) * 2021-01-08 2022-09-13 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 旋转对称排布的弹载高增益后向辐射调相阵列天线

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3015101A (en) * 1958-10-31 1961-12-26 Edwin M Turner Scimitar antenna
US3087159A (en) * 1960-01-08 1963-04-23 Boeing Co Microwave scimitared antenna
DE2660313C2 (de) * 1976-06-30 1982-05-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Doppelrundstrahlantenne
US4315264A (en) * 1978-03-10 1982-02-09 Duhamel Raymond H Circularly polarized antenna with circular arrays of slanted dipoles mounted around a conductive mast
US4349824A (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-09-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Around-a-mast quadrifilar microstrip antenna

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Frequenz 27 (1973), Heft 3, 74-77 *
NTZ, 1969, Heft 5, 271-275 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3328115C2 (fr) 1989-02-02
EP0135742A1 (fr) 1985-04-03
DE3328115A1 (de) 1985-02-21

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