EP0020337A1 - New plant technique - Google Patents

New plant technique

Info

Publication number
EP0020337A1
EP0020337A1 EP79900286A EP79900286A EP0020337A1 EP 0020337 A1 EP0020337 A1 EP 0020337A1 EP 79900286 A EP79900286 A EP 79900286A EP 79900286 A EP79900286 A EP 79900286A EP 0020337 A1 EP0020337 A1 EP 0020337A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
agricultural chemical
additive
composition
agricultural
additives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79900286A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael James Sampson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0020337A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020337A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
    • B65G65/30—Methods or devices for filling or emptying bunkers, hoppers, tanks, or like containers, of interest apart from their use in particular chemical or physical processes or their application in particular machines, e.g. not covered by a single other subclass
    • B65G65/34—Emptying devices
    • B65G65/40—Devices for emptying otherwise than from the top
    • B65G65/44—Devices for emptying otherwise than from the top using reciprocating conveyors, e.g. jigging conveyors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/32—Ingredients for reducing the noxious effect of the active substances to organisms other than pests, e.g. toxicity reducing compositions, self-destructing compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

Definitions

  • This invention relates to agricultural chemicals, which term is used herein to mean fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, nematocides and plant-growth regulators, and to methods of using them and compositions containing them.
  • the present invention is concerned with altering the performance of such chemicals.
  • the conventional approach to this involves altering the chemical structure to a greater or lesser degree without altering the class or basic chemical type to which the compound belongs, and/or altering the physico-chemical properties of a formulation containing the chemical, e.g. by the addition of chemicals to facilitate coating of the target organism with the agricultural chemical or to improve the adhesion and rainfastness of the agricultural chemical.
  • the literature (including patents) is full of examples of how the conventional approach may be carried out. In particular, it is known that addition of wetting agents can enhance the effect of many agricultural chemicals.
  • the invention is based on the discovery that the efficiency of agricultural chemicals can be markedly improved and that such chemicals can in some cases be used in new and different ways by modifying the organism to which the agricultural chemical is applied, such modification being effected by means of a second chemical herein called an additive.
  • the additive acts in either or both of the following ways, viz., it modifies the way in which the organism takes up and/or moves or internally distributes the chemical, and/or it modifies the metabolism of the organism without affecting take-up or distribution of the chemical, thereby achieving the desired action or improvement in action of the agricultural chemical.
  • the invention provides an agricultural formulation comprising an agricultural chemical as hereinbefore defined together with an additive as hereinafter defined. Such formulations may be in concentrate form, needing addition of, for example, water to make them ready for use.
  • the invention also provides a method of applying an agricultural chemical to a target organism, in which an additive as hereinafter defined is also applied either simultaneously with the agricultural chemical or not more than 15 days (preferably 10 days) before or after.
  • an additive as hereinafter defined is also applied either simultaneously with the agricultural chemical or not more than 15 days (preferably 10 days) before or after.
  • the agricultural chemical and additive may be supplied in a single formulation or may be mixed in situ in a spray or other chemical-applying apparatus.
  • additives used in the formulations and methods of the present invention are defined as belonging to one of the following classes (a) to (h), although two or more such additives in the same or different classes may be used, as may two or more agricultural chemicals :
  • a carbohydrate source e.g. glucose, hydrolysed starch, sucrose, fructose, glycerol, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, ribulose, xylulose and arabinose and their esters and glycosides and metabolic equivalents of carbohydrates
  • a carbohydrate source e.g. glucose, hydrolysed starch, sucrose, fructose, glycerol, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, ribulose, xylulose and arabinose and their esters and glycosides and metabolic equivalents of carbohydrates
  • NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
  • NADPH reduced nicotamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
  • an organic acid particularly one o the Krebs Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and. their metabolic precursors, (including citric, succinic, malic, pyruvic, acetic and fumaric acids), which will normally be applied at similar rates to and used for similar functions as the carbohydrate source;
  • a vitamin or coenzyme e.g. thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, nicotinamide, folic acid, or a precursor, thereof including nicotinic acid, which will normally be applied at 0.01 to 500 g/ha to stimulate metabolic processes dependent on enzymatic action;
  • a purine or pyrimidine nucleoside, nucleotide or a metabolic precursor thereof e.g. adenine, adenosine, thymine, thymidine, cytosine, guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uracil, uridine or inosine, which will normally be applied at 1 to 500 g/ha to act as structural precursors for nucleic acid synthesis;
  • a fatty acid of a type found in natural saturated and unsaturated fats e.g. butyric, lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic and iinoleic acid, which will normally be applied at 10 to 10,000 g/ha to act as precursors of molecules required in growth process and through their degradation to provide a source of ATP and NADPH as with a carbohydrate source;
  • a naturally occurring fat or oil including olive, soya, coconut and corn oils, which can be degraded by living organisms to fatty acids and which will normally be applied at 10 to 10,000 g/ha;
  • an amino acid of a type that occurs naturally in plant proteins e.g. glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, hydroxylysine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline or hydroxy- proline, which will normally be applied at 1 to 500 g/ha to act as structural units for newly formed proteins or by their degradation to function in a similar manner to fatty acids and carbohydrates; (h) a naturally occurring plant-growth regulator
  • an applied pesticide e.g. indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid, which are normally used in amount such that the final concentration in a spray applied to the crop is 0.5 to 1000 parts per million by weight.
  • the additives in groups (a) to (g) above are especially effective in enhancing the plant-growth-regulating effect of quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula R-N(CH 3 ) 3 -Y in which Y is a non-phytotoxic anion and R is a lower aliphatic radical
  • a non-ionizing nucleophilic group or atom e.g. haloalkyl, alkylene, haloalkylene, cyanoalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or epithio- alkyl.
  • haloalkyl alkylene, haloalkylene, cyanoalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or epithio- alkyl.
  • chloro-choline chloride which has the systematic chemical name ⁇ -chloro-ethyl trimethylammonium chloride. It is also known as chlormequat or CCC.
  • the known action of such compounds when applied as a foli spray includes the ability to shorten and strengthen the stems of wheat, oats and rye, though not of barley or rice. Such a shorten and strengthening is sometimes, though not consistently, accompanie by the formation of a better developed root system and the survival of a higher proportion of the tillers or side shoots. While such effects on roots and tillers where they occur may be beneficial in themselves, the principle use of a chlormequat or similar treatment has been to prevent the 'lodging' or collapsing of the cereal plant as the result of strong winds. Such lodging being known to result in loss of yield and difficulty in harvesting.
  • compositions in accordance with the present invention can enhance the effectiveness of chlormequat, especially under poor growing conditions, for example, where the temperature for some days after application of the growth regulator does not exceed 10oC.
  • This condition is commonly encountered during the time at which a cereal plant is reaching the end of the growth stage in which tillers are produced (Growth Stage 4-5). It is frequently desirable to apply the growth regulator at this stage, because certain fungicides and herbicides are also desirably applied before Growth Stage 6, and because crop damage is more likely to occur when the plant has been treated during Growth Stage 6 (at which stage the first 'node' or joint has formed on the tiller) and then encounters a check to growth, as for instance the result of drought.
  • the normal range of application times is from Growth Stage 4 - Growth Stage 6, all of which occur early in the year when the temperatures may be low.
  • compositions of the present invention may also be used to obtain an action on other cereal plants where chlormequat on its own has failed to give a useful result, as for instance with barley and rice, and to reduce the application rate of chlormequat.
  • Such additives may also be beneficially used with other cereal-growth regulators to obtain effects similar to those obtained by their use in conjunction with chlormequat.
  • Such cereal-growth regulators include, but are not limited to, the following growth regulators used singly or in combination, including combinations with the quaternary ammonium growth regulators described above :- 1.
  • Haloalkyl phosphoric acids particularly ⁇ -haloalkyl-phosphoric acids and especially acids in which the halogen is chlorine
  • each of R, R 1 and R 2 which are identical or different, is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-3 alkyl radical.
  • non- phytotoxic anions are chloride, bromide, methosulphate, sulphate and phosphate.
  • a particularly useful example is 2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid. (CEPA).
  • CEPA 2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid.
  • Chlorphonium chloride i.e. tributyl -2,4 - dichloro- benzyl - phosphonium chloride.
  • X is an anion with a charge of 1 to 3;
  • Y, Y', Z and Z' are hydrogen, halogen, methyl or methoxy;
  • m is an integer from 1 tc 3; provided that only one phenyl ring can be substituted on the carbon para to the pyrazolium ring with a substituent other than hydrogen.
  • HERBICIDES Substances for killing and/or controlling unwanted plan
  • a number of herbicides check the growth of weeds so rapidly that the target plant has its metabolism so reduced that the herbicide does not completely kill it. Thus, after an interval during which the herbicide is degraded or suffers a change of form or is removed from those sites where its lethal action is exerted, the weed may then re-commence growth.
  • a particular problem in agriculture is the control of wild oats, where a number of commonly used herbicides show such an effect, especially where the wild cat has become a well established plant. By stimulating growth and uptake of applied chemicals it is possible to enhance the activity of a number of herbicides, especially against older more established weeds.
  • Herbicides that may benefit from applications in conjunction with those substances comprising the subject of this patent include, but are not limited to, those herbicides listed below.
  • the names used are those trivial names used in the "Pesticide Index":
  • Hormone type weedkillers including MCPA, 2,4-D, MCPB, 2,4-DB, Mecoprop, Dichlorprop, Ioxynil, Bromoxynil, Benazolin, Bentazone, Cyanazine, Dicamba, Dinoseb-amine, Dinoseb-acetate 15. Dalapon
  • a further aspect of this invention is the use of the substances forming this invention to enable a herbicide to be sprayed later than would otherwise have been possible. This is important since :-
  • a period of weather unfavourable to spraying may allow weeds to grow beyond the stage or size at which they may be satisfactorily controlled.
  • a particular example of the use of such substances to enable spraying to be delayed is their use in conjunction with chlortoluron,
  • a specific aspect of this invention involves the enhancement of the herbicidal activity of bipyridylium herbicides.
  • the metabolism of a target weed organism may be modified in a specific manner by modifying a distinctive biochemical pathway or reaction in order to enhance the activity of an agricultural chemical.
  • the lethal action of the bipyridyl herbicides paraquat (1, 1 1 -dimethyl-4, 4 1 dipyridylium salt) and diquat (1, 1 1 -ethylene- 2,2 dipyridylium) is the result of the formation of hydrogen peroxide when the paraquat or diquat ion, having been reduced to the free radical by the photosynthetic electron flow, is re-oxidized by molecular oxygen, thus re-forming the paraquat or diquat ion andH 2 0 2 .
  • this can happen very rapidly (especially in bright sunshine) it is possible for the herbicide to destroy superficial leaf cells where droplets of herbicide solution have fallen and thus prevent its own continued uptake into the bulk of the plant cells.
  • the speed of the lethal action may be slowed down by providing an alternative oxidation/reduction system.
  • oxidized glutathione GSSG
  • a bipyridyl herbicide can be used to re-oxidize the reduced free radical while forming reduced glutathione (GSH). If this sytem is coupled with another system or systems to re-oxidize the reduced glutathione then the glutathione will act in more than a simple stoichiometric relationship with the herbicide.
  • NADP nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate
  • a further system is that of ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbic acid catalysed by the enzyme ascorbic acid oxidase, which may be stimulated by the use of ascorbic acid.
  • Ascorbic acid is initially added and converted in the plant to dehydroascorbie acid-(5) below. The reactions that take place with paraquat and GSSG are thus :
  • FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES i.e. substances for killing and/or controlling fungi and insects.
  • beneficial activity of these materials can be enhanced in accordance with the invention.
  • stimulating the metabolism the fungus is less able to resist the toxic effects of the chemical by having its growth temporarily restricted while a systemic fungicide or insecticide which must penetrate through the plant for maximum effect may more readily do so.
  • insecticides and fungicides where effects be beneficially modified in accordance with the invention include, but are not limited to, the following :-
  • the activity of an agricultural chemical not containing an additive as hereinbefore described as a metabolic stimulant will have its own activity stimulated or otherwise beneficially modified as the result of being applied in conjunction with an agricxiltural chemical formulated with such a substance.
  • compositions in accordance with the present invention may be reduced by including in the mixture a compound that acts as a purgative or emetic or that acts to delay uptake of the material in the alimentary canal.
  • Suitable purgatives include phenolphthalein, senna extract and castor oil.
  • Apomorphine is a useful emetic, whose effect is enhanced by the presence of ethyl alcohol.
  • the amount of emetic that is added is such that if sufficient agricultural chemical is ingested to cause a toxic response, sufficient emetic is ingested to cause emesis.
  • compositions in accordance with the invention 225 litres of spray solution is normally used per hectare.
  • the application rate is equivalent to 7-16 g. of
  • Rate of application is equivalent to 7.1 g. of Chlormequat per litre sprayed to run-off onto plants 20 cm in height.
  • Rate of application is equivalent to 1.2 kg of chlormequat per hectare (Standard (a)) and to 1.6 kg per hectare (Standard (b)) applied in 225 litres per hectare at Growth Stage 6 (1st "Node" Stage).
  • Example XI 80 Wild Oats sprayed at 7-leaf unfolded stage
  • Example VII 48 Standard formulation with additives as shown in Example XI 71
  • EXPERIMENTS 6(a) AND 6(b) Effect of Paraquat A standard commercially available formulation of paraquat, viz. Gramoxone, is compared with the same formulation to which additives as in Example VI have been added with respect to (a) to their abilities to destroy an old grass sward and (b) to kill a population of mixed and broad leaf and grass seedling weeds at from 2 - 5 leaf stage.
  • the "Standard” is a Gramoxone with additional wetting agent of the same type and in the same quantity as in Example VI and the "Standard + Additives” is Gramoxone + Additives as shown in Example VI.
  • the application rate is equivalent to 1.1 kg of paraquat per hectare in 400 litres of water. The kill of sward is assessed 4, 8 and 12 days after application.
  • Application rate is equivalent to 0.25 kg of paraquat per hectare in 200 litres of water. Control assessed at 2, 6 and 10 days after application.
  • Rate of application is equivalent to 46 g. of thiophanate per 100 litres of water sprayed to run-off.
  • the rate of application is equivalent to 60 g. of Dodine per 100 litres of water sprayed to run-off.
  • Application rate is equivalent to 250 grams of carbendazim per hectare in Standard (a) and 500 grams of carbendazim per hectare in Standard (b). Application was made at Growth Stage 5.
  • the additives used in accordance with the present invention can have an effect on the toxicity of chlormequat even without the addition of purgatives or emetics.
  • the LD 50 of aqueous chlormequat corresponding to the formulation used in Experiments 1 to 4 is 600 mg/kg, but it becomes 820 mg/kg by the addition of 47 ml of glycerol and 109 ml of alkylphenol ethylene oxide condensate per 1 kg of chlormequat.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
EP79900286A 1978-03-28 1979-10-26 New plant technique Withdrawn EP0020337A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1189878 1978-03-28
GB1189878 1978-03-28
GB1645978 1978-04-26
GB1645978 1978-04-26
GB7826241 1978-06-01
GB2624178 1978-06-01
GB7829923 1978-07-14
GB2992378 1978-07-14
GB7847294 1978-12-05
GB4729478 1978-12-05
GB7901160 1979-01-11
GB7901160 1979-01-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0020337A1 true EP0020337A1 (en) 1981-01-07

Family

ID=27546643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79900286A Withdrawn EP0020337A1 (en) 1978-03-28 1979-10-26 New plant technique

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4436547A (enrdf_load_html_response)
EP (1) EP0020337A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS55500166A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA1148761A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DK (1) DK502779A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2475851B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB2030452B (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL7902380A (enrdf_load_html_response)
SE (1) SE447326B (enrdf_load_html_response)
WO (1) WO1979000838A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)

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SE8003121L (sv) 1980-04-24
GB2030452B (en) 1983-03-30
CA1148761A (en) 1983-06-28
JPS55500166A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1980-03-27
WO1979000838A1 (en) 1979-10-18
FR2475851A1 (fr) 1981-08-21
FR2475851B1 (fr) 1984-03-09
DK502779A (da) 1979-11-27
US4436547A (en) 1984-03-13
SE447326B (sv) 1986-11-10
NL7902380A (nl) 1979-10-02
GB2030452A (en) 1980-04-10

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