EP0017875B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse für eine Gasentladungsröhre - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse für eine Gasentladungsröhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017875B1
EP0017875B1 EP80101823A EP80101823A EP0017875B1 EP 0017875 B1 EP0017875 B1 EP 0017875B1 EP 80101823 A EP80101823 A EP 80101823A EP 80101823 A EP80101823 A EP 80101823A EP 0017875 B1 EP0017875 B1 EP 0017875B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
titanium
mixture
process according
electrode
discharge tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80101823A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0017875A1 (de
Inventor
Axel Dr. Rer. Nat. Dipl.-Chem. Hahndorff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0017875A1 publication Critical patent/EP0017875A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H01J17/06—Cathodes
    • H01J17/066—Cold cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an electrode activation composition for a gas discharge tube, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • DE-A-2 639 816 contains references to a large number of compositions of electrode activation compositions for gas discharge surge arresters. These include a mixture of an alkali halide with titanium hydride or an alloy of barium with aluminum or a titanium oxide. These substances are to be applied as a powder in a chemically inactive liquid in paste-like form to the electrodes.
  • DE-A-19 35 734 specifies an electrode activation composition which contains thorium oxide for use in surge arresters.
  • Electrode activation compositions are generally used in gas discharge tubes and, depending on the application, are composed to substantially influence the important electrical parameters.
  • the gas discharge tube is used as a surge arrester or controllable as a switching tube (so-called cold cathode thyratron) or as a flash tube: an important requirement is aimed at a low glow-arc transition. This is defined as the current instantaneous value at which the ignited gas discharge changes from the glow discharge into the arc discharge. Low values result in good ignition behavior, especially when ignited by a third electrode with low ignition currents, and long service life due to good current carrying capacity. In addition, the minimum operating voltage is advantageously small.
  • a low glow-arc transition can be achieved with an electrode activation compound which contains, among other things, radioactive thorium oxide as an effective component.
  • an electrode activation compound which contains, among other things, radioactive thorium oxide as an effective component.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of replacing the radioactive thorium oxide with a metal which is not radioactive but also not expensive and in particular does not combine the advantages of a low glow-arc transition with disadvantages, for example due to too easy atomization or Vaporizability, which could result in conductive deposits and thus short circuits on the inner wall of the gas discharge vessel, and to achieve both a high direct voltage and a high maximum operating voltage as well as a low minimum operating voltage and a low arc voltage.
  • titanium oxide can be adjusted depending on the electrical parameters desired in connection with the other factors such as electrode area, electrode spacing, gas pressure, spark ignition or auto-ignition.
  • the value of the titanium oxide can also be non-stoichiometric. It is essential that titanium oxide is a non-toxic and inexpensive substance and that this component can be used to maintain steady-state arc discharges in the electrode activation compound at extremely low currents and low voltages. Titanium oxide combines good electron emissivity with relatively poor thermal conductivity.
  • the mass is generally applied as a pasty mixture to an electrode or to the electrodes and is formed in a forming process to form the active mass.
  • One possibility now consists of starting from tetravalent titanium oxide and producing a lower-quality titanium oxide in the forming process, the other starting from titanium or titanium hydride and producing a higher-quality titanium oxide in the forming process.
  • the electrode activation composition contains titanium and / or titanium hydride and an oxidizing agent when applied to the electrodes, with which a titanium oxide with a valence below 4 is at least partially formed in a forming process.
  • An oxygen-containing gas atmosphere is particularly suitable as the oxidizing agent. sphere.
  • the electrode activation composition contain titanium dioxide and a reducing agent when applied to the electrodes, whereby the titanium dioxide is at least partially reduced to a lower-value titanium oxide in a forming process.
  • the metallic titanium known per se in an electrode activation compound for example DE-PS 19 51 601
  • an admixture or a barium-aluminum alloy known per se for example from DE-AS 19 50 090 or an alkali compound such as Potassium azide or potassium boranant.
  • both a high response DC voltage and a high maximum operating voltage of a gas discharge tube as well as a low minimum operating voltage and low arc burning voltages are provided.
  • the achievable large ratio of the "maximum operating voltage without spontaneous ignition” to the "minimum operating voltage with 50% ignition probability when subjected to a specific trigger pulse" in triggerable gas discharge tubes can be used technically advantageously.
  • the maximum operating voltage may be very high, or the minimum trigger DC response voltage that is still triggerable may be very low.
  • the requirements can also be increased, for example insofar as data sheet specifications are met not only in one but in both polarities.
  • low ignition currents are advantageous, particularly in the case of triggerable gas discharge tubes. Discharge currents below 10 mA can easily be generated; there is no need for electrode leadthroughs for ignition electrodes into the discharge vessel. An externally attached conductive surface is sufficient, provided that an alternating voltage of at least 2 kV at 0.1 MHz is available to overcome the capacitive resistance of the vessel wall. The only prerequisite for igniting the arc is a sufficiently high gas pressure of around 400m bar to 500m bar in the discharge vessel. The ignition begins at the cathode on a very small area with a glow discharge of high power density, about a few kW per cm z , after which an incandescent, electron-emitting arc base is formed within about 10 to 5 seconds.
  • the gas discharge tube can switch through in its main discharge path or short-circuit a flash capacitor in the case of a flash tube if its charging voltage is significantly above the operating voltage of the secondary discharge path.
  • An inert gas such as argon or xenon, is used as the filling gas if light output and color play a role.
  • the electrode activation composition contains, in addition to titanium oxide, as is known per se (DE-PS 1951 601) an alkali halide, in particular potassium iodide, potassium bromide or potassium chloride.
  • titanium dioxide barium-aluminum alloy and potassium halide
  • the composition being adapted to the pressure of the gas atmosphere.
  • Ranges from 2% to 60% for TiO z , from 5% to 50% for BaA1 4 and from 0% to 80% for KX (X CI, Br, J) are possible.
  • the ignition voltage is largely determined by the ratio Ti0 2 : reducing agent. With a ratio of TiO 2 : BaAl 4 ⁇ 1, the ignition voltage drops and brownish or violet wall coverings arise.
  • the drawing shows a gas discharge tube in the form of a so-called button arrester with frustoconical electrodes 2 and 3, which are inserted gas-tight in a tubular insulating body 1 with bulges facing each other.
  • Glass or ceramic is preferably used as the material for the insulating body, while the electrodes 2 and 3 consist of a Ni-Fe or Ni-Fe-Co alloy.
  • a layer 4, which contains the electrode activation composition according to the invention, is applied in each case to the electrodes 2 and 3 lying opposite one another.

Landscapes

  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
EP80101823A 1979-04-11 1980-04-03 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse für eine Gasentladungsröhre Expired EP0017875B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2914836A DE2914836C2 (de) 1979-04-11 1979-04-11 Herstellungsverfahren für die Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse in einer Gasentladungsröhre
DE2914836 1979-04-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0017875A1 EP0017875A1 (de) 1980-10-29
EP0017875B1 true EP0017875B1 (de) 1983-06-22

Family

ID=6068151

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80101823A Expired EP0017875B1 (de) 1979-04-11 1980-04-03 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse für eine Gasentladungsröhre

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4360757A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0017875B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55139781A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2914836C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59177880A (ja) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-08 新光電気工業株式会社 避雷管
DE3335602A1 (de) * 1983-09-30 1985-04-18 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gasentladungsableiter und herstellungsverfahren
GB2181887A (en) * 1985-10-02 1987-04-29 M O Valve Co Ltd Electrode of surge arrester
FR2611974B1 (fr) * 1987-03-04 1993-09-24 Pendar Electronique Composition de revetement des electrodes d'un parafoudre
US4978893A (en) * 1988-09-27 1990-12-18 The United States Of American As Epresented By The United States The Department Of Energy Laser-triggered vacuum switch
JPH0684579A (ja) * 1991-12-26 1994-03-25 American Teleph & Telegr Co <Att> ガスチューブ保護装置
FR2701597B1 (fr) * 1993-02-16 1995-05-19 Jacques Villain Cathode froide pour tube à décharge dans un gaz avec une couche de composé d'alcalino-terreux sur un support métallique.
DE4318994C2 (de) * 1993-05-26 1995-04-20 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter
DE19632417C1 (de) * 1996-08-05 1998-05-07 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter mit Elektroden-Aktivierungsmasse
US6194820B1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2001-02-27 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Discharge tube having switching spark gap
US6281626B1 (en) * 1998-03-24 2001-08-28 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Cold emission electrode method of manufacturing the same and display device using the same
JP2009508320A (ja) 2005-09-14 2009-02-26 リッテルフューズ，インコーポレイティド ガス入りサージアレスタ、活性化化合物、点火ストライプ及びその方法
WO2014130838A1 (en) * 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 Bourns, Inc. Devices and methods related to flat gas discharge tubes
KR102770603B1 (ko) 2018-08-31 2025-02-24 본스인코오포레이티드 Gdt 및 mov 기능을 갖는 통합 장치
KR20220146543A (ko) * 2020-02-27 2022-11-01 본스인코오포레이티드 수정된 에지를 갖는 mov 관련 디바이스 및 방법

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1070733B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US867456A (en) * 1903-12-10 1907-10-01 Gen Electric Electrode for arc-lamps and method of making the same.
BE519027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1952-04-09
DE1951601U (de) 1966-07-12 1966-12-15 Johann Josef Klein & Co G M B Buegel fuer damentaschen.
US3439261A (en) * 1966-09-30 1969-04-15 Gen Electric Combustible gas detector using a corona discharge
DE1935734A1 (de) * 1969-07-14 1971-01-28 Siemens Ag UEberspannungsableiter
DE1950090C3 (de) * 1969-10-03 1979-09-27 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Gasentladungsröhre
DE1951601C3 (de) 1969-10-13 1975-07-31 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Gasentladungs-Uberspannungsableiter
GB1322837A (en) 1971-08-13 1973-07-11 Sukhanov N M Method of producing germanium titanium zirconium or hafnium monoxides
US3882065A (en) * 1973-04-02 1975-05-06 Du Pont Hot melt adhesives of improved melt viscosity stability
DE2347210B2 (de) * 1973-09-19 1976-12-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter
DE2537964C3 (de) * 1975-08-26 1978-03-30 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Überspannungsableiter mit einer Gasfüllung
DE2639816A1 (de) * 1976-09-03 1978-03-16 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
DE2705885A1 (de) * 1977-02-11 1978-08-17 Siemens Ag Gasentladungs-ueberspannungsableiter
JPS5537755A (en) * 1978-09-11 1980-03-15 Hitachi Ltd Production method of direct heating oxcide cathode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0017875A1 (de) 1980-10-29
JPH0216556B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-04-17
DE2914836C2 (de) 1983-11-17
DE2914836A1 (de) 1980-10-16
JPS55139781A (en) 1980-10-31
US4360757A (en) 1982-11-23

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