EP0017256B1 - Echangeur de chaleur - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0017256B1 EP0017256B1 EP80101899A EP80101899A EP0017256B1 EP 0017256 B1 EP0017256 B1 EP 0017256B1 EP 80101899 A EP80101899 A EP 80101899A EP 80101899 A EP80101899 A EP 80101899A EP 0017256 B1 EP0017256 B1 EP 0017256B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- chamber
- annular
- annular chamber
- boiler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
- F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
- F28D21/0007—Water heaters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger that can be connected between the boiler outlet and the chimney inlet and has an annular space surrounding the flue gas pipe for preheating one or more separate media before they enter the boiler.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a heat exchanger for one or more heat transfer media which can be used between the boiler and the chimney connection and in which the installation poses no difficulties even in crowded spatial conditions.
- the heat exchanger consists of a series of ring chamber segments arranged one behind the other in the modular system, which, in addition to the central recess for the passage of the flue gas, have the inlets and outlets for the medium (s).
- the heat exchanger according to the invention consists of individual, disc-shaped segments connected in series, there is the possibility that the installed heat exchanger can be very easily adapted to the existing space conditions, and that subsequent installation, especially in older boilers with fewer Heat yield means no difficulties.
- the flue gas pipe consists of a plurality of sub-members which can be lined up in the axial direction and rigidly connected to one another, each of which has a closed annular chamber with fluid passage openings to the adjacent annular chambers. With these sections, the diameter of the inner pipe is adapted to the standard diameters of the flue pipe socket on the boiler.
- the flue gas exhaust pipe can be assembled from any number of sections, similar to a radiator or sectional boiler, until the desired pipe length is reached.
- the partial links consist of hollow cast rings.
- the exhaust pipe for flue gases is formed from the central opening of the individual partial links arranged one behind the other.
- the cold water inlet is connected to the annular chamber of the last part of this flue gas discharge pipe, while the cold water connection to the boiler is connected to the first annular chamber.
- the incoming cold water is preheated, so that when it is mixed with the hot water in the hot water boiler, the cooling of this hot water is significantly less than it would be without this preheating. This reduces the heating-up time to reach the target temperature and inevitably also the fuel consumption.
- the two flow paths of the fluids to be heated are not arranged one behind the other but alternately. This ensures that the fluid of the first system is passed through the first, third, fifth, seventh, etc. annular chamber, whereas the fluid of the second system flows through the second, fourth, sixth, etc., rink chamber. This alternating arrangement of the individual fluid paths results in a correspondingly more uniform preheating of the individual fluids.
- the two outlet lines for both fluids can emerge from the ring chamber closest to the boiler and be fed directly into the boiler. This makes the installation of these lines easier.
- the consumption of the individual fluids is different, so that they should be processed in different quantities in the heat exchange device.
- the annular chambers are designed to be narrower for the system with the lower fluid requirement.
- Such a different fluid requirement occurs especially in heating systems which on the one hand heat the water from the building or apartment heating and on the other hand supply the hot domestic water.
- the hot water circulation is usually much lower than the heating water circulation. In this case, the fluid system for the domestic water will be provided with the narrower annular chambers.
- the temperature sensor Since the cold water from the fresh water supply network runs on immediately while the hot water is being drawn, but the temperature sensor usually only responds to the changed temperature in the hot water boiler after a certain mixing time between hot and cold water, appropriate control measures are necessary. In order to ensure that the heating is switched on immediately when the cold water supply begins, the heating can either be switched on by starting to draw hot water from the hot water boiler. Another possibility is to arrange the temperature sensor in the hot water boiler in the area of the cold water inlet in such a way that it is washed up by the cold water flow and gives a control command to the heating without any delay. This ensures that hot flue gases are already available in the flue gas discharge pipe at the start of the cold water supply, which preheat the incoming cold water.
- two separate units of compound annular chambers can be provided, one for preheating the cold water flowing into the hot water boiler and the second for preheating the return of the heating system.
- the heated water contained in the central heating boiler makes up only a small proportion of the flow water in the entire pipe and radiator system, the cooling of the flow water in these systems is correspondingly long and thus the heating time of the heating to reheat the flow water to the required level Target temperature correspondingly long.
- the heating-up time is shortened considerably due to the water which has already been preheated in the annular chambers, since the annular chambers practically represent an additional capacity to the boiler itself.
- the flue gas exhaust pipe according to the invention no additional heating material is consumed, since only the flue gases flowing into the atmosphere from the boiler are extracted from the thermal energy, which so far has only been used unused.
- the flue gas exhaust pipe Due to the inventive possibility of adapting the flue gas exhaust pipe to existing dimensions, it can easily be installed in existing central heating systems or heating systems that are still to be planned, since in any case a connection of the central heating boiler to the exhaust chimney is available or has to be established.
- the ring chambers are preferably made of cast material, but can also consist of steel or another suitable material. Elements for cleaning the exhaust pipe can also be provided.
- the cast rings can be connected directly to the boiler in the case of appropriately prepared boilers, so that the flue pipe and boiler form a single unit. In this case, the preheated water is fed directly into the boiler without pipe fittings.
- the smoke exhaust pipe according to the invention is independent of the fuel. It is equally suitable for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Likewise, the size of the boiler is irrelevant, so that the flue gas outlet pipe according to the invention is suitable for the smallest family households as well as for industrial, district heating or other systems.
- Fig. 1 with 1 the boiler, with 2 the burner, with 3 the flue gas discharge pipe, with 4 the chimney, with 5 the hot water boiler of the domestic water network, with 6 the central heating boiler, with 7 the heating water flow, with 8 the heating water return, with 9 the heating water inlet from the flue gas outlet pipe 3 into the central heating boiler 6, with 10 the fresh water inlet for the flue gas outlet pipe 3, with 11 the fresh water inlet into the hot water boiler 5, with 12 the hot water outlet from the boiler and with 13 the cleaning opening in the flue gas outlet pipe 3 designated.
- FIG. 1 shows an enlarged partial representation of a single partial link, which is designed in the form of a cast ring 14.
- This cast ring consists essentially of an annular chamber 15 (Fig. 3) in which the water to be heated flows. This water enters the annular chamber 15 via an inlet opening 16 on the end face of the cast ring and is deflected by a partition 17 (FIG. 3) in such a way that it first has to flow through the entire annular chamber 15 before it flows through the outlet opening 18 (FIG. 3) leaves the annular chamber 15 again on the opposite end face of the cast ring 14.
- spiral gears can be provided in an annular chamber.
- the individual spiral passages in each annular chamber 15 can have overflow openings, for example in the form of holes, slots, gaps and the like, in order to achieve a certain swirling effect. exhibit.
- eyes 19 are provided on the outer circumference of the cast rings 14, 14', through which tension rods 20 (FIG. 4) can be inserted.
- the flue gases flow from the heating furnace 1 into the chimney 4 through the central interior 21 of the cast ring 14.
- a partition 17 running diagonally through the annular chamber cross section in the area of the inlet opening 16 and the outlet opening 18 prevents the water to be heated entering the annular chamber 15 via the inlet opening 16 from escaping again immediately through the outlet opening 18 . Rather, the water must pass through the annular chamber in the circumferential direction, whereby it is heated by the flue gases flowing in direction A in the central interior 21.
- the cross flow between water and smoke gases ensures good heat transfer.
- Threads 22 can be provided in the inlet and outlet openings 16, 18, in the outer.
- wind sleeves 23 screwed and the individual sub-members of the flue gas discharge pipe 3 can be rigidly connected to each other similar to a sectional boiler.
- special flow guiding devices and / or devices 26 which increase the heat exchange area and swirling devices 27 can be provided.
- FIG. 5 shows an adapter ring 24 to enable a connection between a previous flue gas pipe socket 25 on the boiler 1 and the flue gas discharge pipe 3 composed of several sub-members, with possibly a different inner pipe diameter.
- the flue gas pipe socket 25 is inserted into the adapter ring 24, while the last cast ring of the multi-section flue gas discharge pipe 3 must be plugged onto the adapter ring 24.
- FIGS. 6a and 6b show a further embodiment of the invention.
- a boiler 101 can be seen, on the rear side of which a flue gas discharge pipe 102 emerges and leads into a chimney 103.
- the annular chambers or cast rings 104 and 105 according to the invention form the flue gas discharge pipe 102 in one or more sections.
- the flue gas flows through the closely spaced cast rings.
- the rings 104 provided with dots belong to a first circuit and the white rings 105 to a second circuit.
- the cast rings or ring chambers 104 and 105 are alternating Sequence arranged one after the other and are described in more detail below.
- a mounting plate or a support 106 is also attached to the boiler 101, which surrounds or supports the flue gas discharge pipe 102 and can, for example, support the ring arrangement 104 and 105.
- the outlet lines 107 and 108 for the heating water HW and the process water BW are also held in the mounting plate 106 and lead the preheated water into the boiler 101.
- the mounting plate 106 could also be mounted in a vertical arrangement directly on the outlet side of the exhaust pipe 102 on the boiler 101 if either the exhaust pipe 102 is guided on a longer horizontal path or the cast rings 104 and 105 around the bend of the exhaust pipe 102 to the boiler 101 are arranged. From this alternative it can already be seen that the rings 104, 105, in adaptation to the most varied structural conditions, offer universal application possibilities.
- the heated heating water HW exits the boiler 101 through the line 109 and is conducted therein to the individual radiators.
- the cooled heating water is led in a line 111 to the inlet opening of the first annular chamber 104a.
- the process water BW from the supply network is entered via line 112 into the inlet opening of the second ring 105a and is conducted to the consumer points in line 110 starting from boiler 101.
- FIG. 6 shows some rings of the ring chamber arrangement from FIG. 6, all of which have a central recess 114 for the flue gas discharge pipe 102 and screw holes 115 for joining the individual rings together.
- the first ring 104a for the heating water system has an inlet opening 113 and a passage 116. Through this passage 116, the inlet 112 of the process water leads to the inlet opening of the narrower annular chamber 105a, which cannot be seen in the figure.
- the inside of the individual rings is best seen in Fig. 8.
- the first annular chamber 104a with the inlet opening 113 is shown on the right side, into which a pipe socket 113a is inserted for the purpose of connections.
- an outlet opening 117 is provided on the opposite side wall of the annular chamber 104a, at which a pipe socket 117a is formed.
- a deflecting wall 118 is arranged in the interior of the annular chamber 104a and extends essentially in front of the inlet opening 113, so that the liquid entering through the inlet opening 113 is directed into the circular circulation of the ring and only after it has circulated on the rear side of the deflecting wall 118 the outlet opening 117 can emerge.
- the passage 116 in the annular chamber 104a is above the interior of the annular chamber 104a and is sealed off from the interior of the annular chamber and leads to a pipe socket 119a of an inlet opening 119 of the second, narrower annular chamber 105a.
- This inlet opening 199 there is also a deflecting wall 120 which directs the incoming liquid into the circular ring.
- An outlet opening 121 is provided behind the deflecting wall 120, on which a pipe socket 121a is formed.
- the pipe sockets 117a and 121a cast on at the outlet openings 117 and 121 have a length which corresponds in each case to the width of the subsequent chamber 105a and 104b and thus bridge the respective adjacent chamber.
- These pipe attachments 117a and 121a are also attached to the pipe sockets 113b and 119b in the inlet openings of the annular chambers 104b and 105b in a liquid-tight manner.
- the liquid entering through the inlet opening 113 is now directed from the deflecting wall 118 into the ring of the annular chamber 104a, is discharged through the outlet 117 and is passed through the pipe socket 117a past the chamber 105a and into the inlet opening of the third chamber 104b, in which the same flow process takes place.
- the liquid of the second system is introduced into the passage 116 and passes through the inlet opening 119 into the second chamber 105a, in which it is deflected into the ring circuit by the deflecting wall.
- the liquid exits through the outlet opening 121 and reaches the fourth chamber 105b via the passage 121a.
- the bushings 116, 117a and 121a are so tight that the liquids of the individual systems cannot mix with one another.
- the individual ring groups can have a different thickness.
- the narrower ring 105 with a correspondingly lower flow rate can be used for the domestic water and the wider ring 104 with double or increased flow capacity for the heating system.
- the entire amount of water in the heating system driven by the pump, flows several times to the radiators and back to the boiler during the cold season every time the burner starts. In this case, large-area heat transfer from the exhaust gas is desirable. Larger throughputs are less common with process water, since only a corresponding amount runs off from the network each time water is drawn. Experience has shown that larger quantities are only required when showering or filling the bathtub.
- FIG. 9 Another embodiment of the annular chambers shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown in FIG. 9.
- a ring 122 accordingly has a first inlet opening 123 which leads into a first ring chamber 124.
- the deflecting wall 128, behind which the outlet opening 127 is located, is arranged behind this inlet opening 123.
- the deflecting wall 130 is arranged behind the inlet opening 126, behind which the outlet opening 129 is located.
- a pipe socket 123a is provided between the first inlet opening 123 and the annular chamber 124, whereas a pipe 129a is provided from the outlet opening 129 of the annular chamber 125 to the outlet side of the ring 122 leads.
- rings 122 arranged one behind the other, the outlet opening 127 and the inlet opening 123 of two adjacent rings for the first liquid system and the pipeline 129a of one ring are now aligned with the inlet opening 126 of the subsequent ring.
- threaded sleeves 113a are used between the openings or pipelines, which serve for the watertight connection of the chambers to one another. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the arrangement described in FIG. 9 is the same as that of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 represents a ring design which is favorable in terms of production costs. In this case, if no importance is attached to the different volumes, a single cast ring mold can be used for both systems.
- the passage of the fluid from one chamber to the next but one takes place via a pipe which is guided outside on the ring lying therebetween.
- the annular chamber 134a for the first system has, similar to FIG. 7, a nose-like projection 132, in which the inlet opening 133 is provided.
- there is a baffle behind the inlet opening 133 which directs the incoming liquid into the annular chamber.
- the outlet opening 137 which merges into a pipeline 136, is located on the rear side of the deflecting wall 138 indicated by dashed lines.
- the length of the pipeline 136 is equal to the thickness of the ring 134a.
- the pipeline 136 is expediently arranged outside the ring diameter and is aligned with the inlet opening of the next but one ring 134b and is guided past the ring 135a in between.
- the identically designed rings 135 are offset by a certain angle, for example 30 °, from the rings 134 of the first system, as can be seen from FIG. 11.
- Notches or beads (similar to tongue and groove) 140 are formed on the two end faces of the individual rings, by means of which the individual rings are secured against rotation when a set of rings is screwed together.
- the screw connection through the bore 115 is expediently carried out for only one system, which thus holds these intermediate rings.
- rings of different thicknesses could also be used in the example described in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- the protruding pipe pieces 136 of one ring type have a length equal to the thickness of the other ring type and vice versa.
- FIG. 13 shows a screw 141 of this type, which essentially consists of a longer tube 142, which has an external thread 144 at one end and has a slightly conical head 145 projecting beyond the tube diameter at the other end.
- the inlet opening 143 In the head 145 there is the inlet opening 143, the inside of which is formed with an internal thread 146.
- the internal thread 146 mates with the external thread 144.
- the tube 142 In the first third of the tube 142 there is an opening 147, which is arranged approximately opposite a second opening 149 in the cylindrical tube wall. Between the two openings, the inclined deflecting wall 148 is attached. On the front side of the head 145 there is a mark 150 attached, through which the correct setting of the screw 141 can be seen in an annular chamber.
- FIG. 12 shows a first annular chamber 154a, a second annular chamber 155a, a third annular chamber 154b, a fourth annular chamber 155b and part of a fifth annular chamber 154c.
- Line 151 denotes the inside of the inner cylinder surrounding the flue gas discharge pipe 102.
- the special screw 141a which is suitably sunk with its head 145 in a recess in the chamber 154a, is screwed with its threaded end into the internal thread 146 of the next special screw 141b in the chamber 154b. In the same way, the screw 141b with its thread is screwed into the thread of the screw 141c.
- the individual chambers 154a, b, c are thus pressed against one another and hold the chambers 155a, b in between.
- the screw connection shown for the chambers 154a, b, c is expediently carried out on the other side of the exhaust pipe 102 in the same way for the chambers 155a, b, so that they hold the chambers 154a, b, c between them.
- holes 158 or the like are provided, into which a clamping tool can be inserted or inserted.
- the necessary screw connections can also be made accessible from the outside.
- the inlet / outlet openings are shortened compared to the total width of the rings so that a hexagonal flange with right and left hand threads (Fig. 14b) can be screwed or clamped between the two rings to be joined.
- both inlet openings can also be produced offset by 180 °, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 11.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the screw connections clamp the individual rings evenly, so that the additional screw connections 115 (FIG. 7) can also be omitted.
- the heat exchanger should also be equipped with a pressure relief valve.
- a flap can preferably be arranged between the heat exchanger and the chimney, which is intended to prevent recooling by cold air flowing in via the chimney.
- the heat exchanger is insulated in a suitable manner in order to avoid heat losses as far as possible.
- the flue gas discharge pipe according to the invention has proven itself particularly in summer operation, where usually only the process water system is in operation.
- the heating system is connected to a four-way mixer that is usually present in the system so that no heated water can flow to the radiators.
- the heated heating water only flows in a «short-circuited» circuit between the boiler and the four-way mixer. Since the annular chambers are installed between the four-way mixer and the boiler, it is also in summer operation, i.e. H. when the room heating is switched off, constantly heated water in the rings belonging to the heating system.
- the adjacent rings of the domestic water system are therefore additionally heated by these rings of the heating system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80101899T ATE4247T1 (de) | 1979-04-10 | 1980-04-09 | Waermetauscher. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2914528 | 1979-04-10 | ||
DE19792914528 DE2914528A1 (de) | 1979-04-10 | 1979-04-10 | Rauchgas-abzugsrohr fuer feuerungsanlagen |
DE2951487 | 1979-12-20 | ||
DE19792951487 DE2951487A1 (de) | 1979-12-20 | 1979-12-20 | Abgas-waermetauscher |
DE19792951488 DE2951488A1 (de) | 1979-12-20 | 1979-12-20 | Waermetausch-einrichtung an einem rauchgas-abzugsrohr |
DE2951488 | 1979-12-20 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0017256A2 EP0017256A2 (fr) | 1980-10-15 |
EP0017256A3 EP0017256A3 (en) | 1980-11-26 |
EP0017256B1 true EP0017256B1 (fr) | 1983-07-20 |
Family
ID=27187970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80101899A Expired EP0017256B1 (fr) | 1979-04-10 | 1980-04-09 | Echangeur de chaleur |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0017256B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3064201D1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH162032A (de) * | 1932-03-03 | 1933-05-31 | Gutzwiller Otto | Apparat zur Verwertung der heissen Abgase von Heizkesseln, Öfen, Herden, Verbrennungsmotoren, Kaminen etc. für die Bereitung von Warmwasser. |
DE2048673A1 (de) * | 1970-10-03 | 1972-04-06 | Daniel, Waldemar, 6238 Hoflieim | Vorrichtung zur besseren Ausnützung der durch Öl- oder Gasheizungen zu erzeugenden Wärmeenergien |
-
1980
- 1980-04-09 EP EP80101899A patent/EP0017256B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-04-09 DE DE8080101899T patent/DE3064201D1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0017256A2 (fr) | 1980-10-15 |
DE3064201D1 (en) | 1983-08-25 |
EP0017256A3 (en) | 1980-11-26 |
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