EP0079980B1 - Chaudière à vapeur ou à eau chaude chauffée par le gaz ou l'huile - Google Patents

Chaudière à vapeur ou à eau chaude chauffée par le gaz ou l'huile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0079980B1
EP0079980B1 EP81109856A EP81109856A EP0079980B1 EP 0079980 B1 EP0079980 B1 EP 0079980B1 EP 81109856 A EP81109856 A EP 81109856A EP 81109856 A EP81109856 A EP 81109856A EP 0079980 B1 EP0079980 B1 EP 0079980B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue
boiler
membrane wall
heat transfer
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81109856A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0079980A1 (fr
Inventor
Mihály Dipl. ing. Juhász
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Original Assignee
Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet filed Critical Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet
Priority to EP81109856A priority Critical patent/EP0079980B1/fr
Priority to DE8181109856T priority patent/DE3170035D1/de
Priority to AT81109856T priority patent/ATE12827T1/de
Publication of EP0079980A1 publication Critical patent/EP0079980A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079980B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079980B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot water, hot water or steam boiler with gas or oil firing, in particular for supplying heat to small and medium-sized consumers.
  • the first, front part of the flame tube is subjected to a relatively low, the middle part to a larger and the rear part or the turning chamber to a much too high heat load.
  • this excessive heat load on certain parts of the flame tube there is also the fact that precisely at such points no sufficiently intensive circulation is guaranteed, which results from the construction of the boiler.
  • the requirements for the quality of the feed water also increase. Uniform heat dissipation is one of the most important operating conditions, which further increases the operating problems and costs.
  • the flue gas pipe is the cheapest in terms of strength, although it is only exposed to convection and a relatively low thermal effect.
  • its heat transfer factor is also more favorable than that of the structural parts with high thermal loads.
  • the horizontal cylindrical boiler designs have the advantage that the combustion chamber has a cylindrical cross section, so that they are relatively well adapted to the radial heat radiation.
  • the heat loads of the combustion chamber resulting from the convection can be distributed relatively evenly in the radial direction by the eccentric arrangement of the burner - by changing the amount of heat radiation.
  • the boundary walls are known as membrane walls, i.e. H. formed from ring tubes connected by thin plates (see e.g. GB-A-2 023 780).
  • membrane walls i.e. H. formed from ring tubes connected by thin plates (see e.g. GB-A-2 023 780).
  • These boiler systems were also developed from the coal-fired boilers, but with significant changes.
  • the advantage of the vertical tube boiler systems with membrane wall is that the strength relationships of the construction are not related to the increase in performance.
  • the wall thickness of the surfaces exposed to the greatest heat load - and thus the strength and heat transfer conditions - is quite favorable.
  • the proportion of heat-transferring and heat-emitting surfaces is 1.7 times as large as that of the horizontal cylindrical structures.
  • the strength ratios of the steep tube boilers are 10 times cheaper than the flame tube boilers (i.e.
  • the two boiler systems also have common disadvantages.
  • the combustion chamber surfaces are unevenly loaded in both cases because the amount of heat emitted by radiation changes along the flame axis.
  • the heat load on the combustion chamber surfaces is lowest due to the radiation in the vicinity of the burner and at the end of the flame, i. H. at the rear of the boiler, the largest.
  • the flue gases generated during the combustion are formed in the foremost part of the flame in the least and in the middle in the greatest amount. Due to their convective heat transfer, the heat load on the rear combustion chamber surfaces increases even further.
  • the unfavorable thermal conditions also affect the quality requirements of the feed water, which results in a significant increase in investment costs.
  • the boilers can easily become defective, so that their service life is 40% to 50% shorter than that which can be achieved with a uniform thermal load.
  • the built-in areas are only about 60% used for heat generation. The unnecessarily installed materials increase the manufacturing costs.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional designs while maintaining or increasing their advantages.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a boiler with fully utilized heat transfer surfaces and long life, which ensures better operational safety and more economical heat production than the previous constructions and can be produced with modern manufacturing technology with a low material cost.
  • the invention was developed using the latest test results of modern heating and heating technology, in particular the results of the measurements carried out with the aid of infrared technology in the combustion chamber. It was recognized that the cross section of the flame tube changed in accordance with the distribution and extent of the radiant heat energy and the convective heat transfer should be, whereby a uniform heat load on the combustion chamber surfaces can be guaranteed. According to a further finding, a uniform heat transport and thus a further increase in the service life can be achieved by a water-side circulation which is designed in accordance with the heat transfer.
  • the flame tube of the boiler is designed as a rotating body with a cross section which changes in accordance with the degree of heat radiation, and from the outside by a convective shape which is adapted to its shape and is also designed as a membrane wall Heat transfer surface forming a flue gas channel is surrounded, the ring tubes of the membrane wall of the flame tube being offset relative to the ring tubes of the membrane wall of the convective heat transfer surface, are expediently arranged in each case half the distance between the ring tubes of the other membrane wall.
  • the flame tube is designed as a truncated cone which extends from the end wall holding the burner to the rear wall of the combustion chamber.
  • a further flue gas duct is formed between the heat-insulating jacket of the boiler and the convective heat transfer surface.
  • the two embodiments are of the same or similar construction in their most important details, and they also have a similar mode of operation. For this reason, the same reference numbers have been used for the same details in both embodiments. From the figures it can be seen that there is a major difference between the two embodiments essentially only with regard to the direction of the flue gas duct.
  • the combustion chamber of the boiler according to the invention is delimited all around by a truncated cone-shaped flame tube 1, which widens towards the rear, towards the rear combustion chamber boundary wall 6, the shape of which changes along the flame of a gas attached to the end face 8 of the boiler - Or oil burner 10 corresponds to the given radiation energy.
  • this shape can also be a sphere or another rotating body with a change in cross section, depending on how the distribution of the heat radiation along the flame axis, which is dependent on the size and temperature of the flame and on the length of the infrared waves.
  • the flame tube 1 is designed as a membrane wall, ie the jacket of the flame tube 1 is formed by ring tubes 11 receiving the heated medium and relatively thin plate sections connecting them. This solution, which is known per se, enables good heat transfer on the one hand and material savings while ensuring the necessary strength on the other.
  • the end wall 8 holding the burner 10 is designed as an annular membrane wall.
  • the rear end of the flame tube 1 is formed by circular water tubes, between which the flue gas passes into the turning chamber 7 delimited by the rear combustion chamber boundary wall 6 and from here into the flue gas duct 3 designed as a second train.
  • the flue gas duct 3 forming the second train is bounded on one side by the outer jacket of the flame tube 1 and on the other side by a convective heat transfer flank 2.
  • Both the combustion chamber boundary wall 6 of the turning chamber 7 and the convective heat transfer surface 2 are designed as a membrane wall.
  • An important feature of the invention is that the ring tubes 12 of the membrane wall of the convective heat transfer surface 2 are offset from the ring tubes 11 of the membrane wall of the flame tube 1, expediently offset by half a distance between the adjacent ring tubes of the other membrane wall. So the flue gases flow between these ring tubes 11 and 12 in the longitudinal direction, in an annular, corrugated spiral line, whereby the convective heat transfer is significantly improved after the flue gas speeds increase along the wall surfaces.
  • the flue gases turn into a further flue gas duct 4, which is designed as a third train and is delimited from the inside by the outer jacket of the convective heat transfer surface 2 and from the outside by a heat-insulating casing 5.
  • the flue gases also give off their residual heat to the convective heat transfer surface 2, so that the heat utilization of the built-in heat transfer surfaces is now 100 percent compared to the previous 50 to 60%.
  • the convective heat transfer surface 2 is similar to the shape of the flame tube 1, the size of the convective heat transfer surface 2 is proportional to the size of the heat energy that can be transferred by convection. This means that the hottest flue gases act on the largest heat transfer surfaces, ie the heat transport is adapted to the extent of the heat load.
  • the flue gases leave the boiler via the smoke chamber 15 and via a flue gas nozzle 9 formed in the end wall of the boiler.
  • the ring tubes of all membrane walls converge at the bottom and top in a lower distribution chamber 13 and an upper collecting chamber 14.
  • the connecting piece of the return line or the downcomer is formed and in the upper collecting chamber 14, the connecting piece of the forward line or the riser is formed, through which the boiler is connected to the heat absorption system or, in the case of a steam boiler, the drum.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 which has a so-called sack-shaped combustion chamber, differs from the first embodiment only in that the combustion chamber is sealed gas-tight at the rear by a combustion chamber boundary wall 6 designed as an annular membrane wall, so that the flue gases as second train flow back to the front part of the boiler, where they pass through corresponding openings in a third train designed as a third train, which is delimited from the outside by a convective heat transfer surface 2.
  • the flue gases are finally discharged through the smoke chamber 15 and the smoke nozzle 9 at the end of the boiler, the end wall 17 of the boiler also being designed as a membrane wall.
  • the circulation circuits on the water side are designed in such a way that the heat transport is ensured either by natural or forced flow or circulation.
  • the lower distribution chamber 13 and the upper collecting chamber 14 serve this task.
  • the uniform heat transport is ensured by the corresponding arrangement and size of the falling and rising lines connecting the boiler to the drum, which are connected to the above-mentioned chambers 13 and 14.
  • the piping system contains little resistance, as a result the resistance of the circulation system is low. An intensive flow can thus be guaranteed.
  • the fundamental improvement in the strength relationships is the result of the use of membrane walls; as a result, only a fraction of the previous wall thickness is required.
  • the smaller wall thickness enables significantly cheaper heat transfer, significant material savings, lower thermal inertia, more economical production, as well as less space and lower investment costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Chaudière à eau chaude, eau très chaude ou à vapeur, chauffée au gaz ou au mazout, en particulier pour l'alimentation en chaleur d'utilisateurs petits et moyens, dans laquelle les surfaces du tube-foyer limitant le foyer sont constituées sous forme d'une paroi-membrane formée par des tubes annulaires (11) recevant l'agent caloporteur et reliés les uns aux autres par des plaques minces, caractérisée en ce que le tube foyer (1) est constitué sous forme d'un corps de révolution dont la section transversale se modifie selon la mesure du rayonnement thermique et est entouré à l'extérieur par une surface de transfert thermique par convection (2) adaptée à sa forme et également constituée sous forme d'une paroi-membrane, et formant un conduit à gaz de fumées (3), les tubes annulaires (11) de la paroi membrane du tube-foyer (1) étant décalés par rapport aux tubes annulaires (12) de la paroi-membrane de la surface de transfert thermique par convection (2).
2. Chaudière selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le tube-foyer (1) est constitué sous forme d'un tronc de cône allant en s'élargissant depuis la paroi frontale (8) supportant le brûleur (10) jusqu'à la paroi limite arrière (6) qui limite le foyer.
3. Chaudière selon la revendication 1 ou 2, ca ractérisée en ce que les tubes annulaires (11) de la paroi-membrane du tube-foyer sont respectivement disposés à mi-distance environ entre deux tubes annulaires (12) de la paroi-membrane de la surface de transfert thermique par convection (2).
4. Chaudière selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'un autre conduit à gaz de fumées (4) est constitué entre l'enveloppe d'isolation thermique (5) de la chaudière et la surface de transfert thermique par convection (2).
EP81109856A 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Chaudière à vapeur ou à eau chaude chauffée par le gaz ou l'huile Expired EP0079980B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81109856A EP0079980B1 (fr) 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Chaudière à vapeur ou à eau chaude chauffée par le gaz ou l'huile
DE8181109856T DE3170035D1 (en) 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Gas or oil fired water-heating or steam-generating boiler
AT81109856T ATE12827T1 (de) 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Warmwasser-, heisswasser- oder dampfkessel mit gas- oder oelfeuerung.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81109856A EP0079980B1 (fr) 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Chaudière à vapeur ou à eau chaude chauffée par le gaz ou l'huile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079980A1 EP0079980A1 (fr) 1983-06-01
EP0079980B1 true EP0079980B1 (fr) 1985-04-17

Family

ID=8188029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81109856A Expired EP0079980B1 (fr) 1981-11-24 1981-11-24 Chaudière à vapeur ou à eau chaude chauffée par le gaz ou l'huile

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0079980B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE12827T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3170035D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10001293B4 (de) * 2000-01-14 2008-06-12 WS-Wärmeprozeßtechnik GmbH Röhren-Erhitzerofen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1679779A1 (de) * 1965-05-13 1971-08-12 Vaillant Joh Kg Wassererhitzer mit abgedichtetem Geblaesebrenner
GB1155268A (en) * 1965-07-26 1969-06-18 Boilers Ltd Improvements in Boilers.
DE1753175A1 (de) * 1968-01-20 1971-07-15 G H Kraemer Kg Ofen Und Blechw Warmluftofen mit OElfeuerung und Waermetauscher
GB2023780B (en) * 1978-06-22 1983-03-16 Totkomtosi Vegyesipari Szoevet Water tube boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3170035D1 (en) 1985-05-23
EP0079980A1 (fr) 1983-06-01
ATE12827T1 (de) 1985-05-15

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