EP0011286B1 - Procédé et dispositif de fonctionnement pour pompe à jet d'eau - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fonctionnement pour pompe à jet d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011286B1
EP0011286B1 EP79104491A EP79104491A EP0011286B1 EP 0011286 B1 EP0011286 B1 EP 0011286B1 EP 79104491 A EP79104491 A EP 79104491A EP 79104491 A EP79104491 A EP 79104491A EP 0011286 B1 EP0011286 B1 EP 0011286B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
expulsion
vessels
air
compressed air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79104491A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0011286A1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Dr. Agr. Dipl.-Landwirt Heilenz
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT79104491T priority Critical patent/ATE494T1/de
Publication of EP0011286A1 publication Critical patent/EP0011286A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0011286B1 publication Critical patent/EP0011286B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/10—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped of multiple type, e.g. with two or more units in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
    • F04F5/04—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a water jet pump, in which the water required for operating the pump is circulated.
  • an electrically driven circulation pump is used, which pressurizes water that has run off from the water jet pump and supplies the process water connection to the water jet pump.
  • the achievable pressure depends strongly on the temperature of the process water, since the pressure can never be lower than the vapor pressure of the process water, which is higher the higher the temperature of the process water.
  • the process water now heats up relatively quickly, so that the suction power of the water jet pump is lower than when fresh water is continuously supplied. If you still want to reach low temperatures, the process water must be cooled with special cooling devices. In this case, there is considerable expenditure on equipment with extensive electrical installations.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned so that electrical installations can be dispensed with and cooling of the process water is still achieved.
  • a further development of the invention is also intended to create an advantageous device for carrying out the method.
  • compressed air is used according to the invention to pump the water around.
  • compressed air connections are generally located at every work station, so that the installation of a special compressor is not necessary.
  • the air does not relax during the expulsion of the water, so that the water jet pump always has a constant water pressure and thus a constant suction power.
  • the compressed air When the compressed air has fulfilled its expulsion function, it is used according to the invention to cool the process water to be circulated. When the air relaxes, which is still under high pressure after being expelled, the air cools down considerably. This cooling is used to extract heat from the process water. It is therefore possible to maintain a low temperature of the circulating water without a special cooling unit and thus achieve a low pressure.
  • the removal of heat from the water can be brought about by washing the relaxation space with water according to claim 2, for example arranging it in a water filling of a comprehensive container.
  • a particularly good efficiency is achieved, however, if the relaxing air is brought into direct contact with the water to be cooled, which is easily achieved by introducing water into a relaxation vessel through a nozzle, which then also through the itself relaxing air is torn into droplets.
  • riser pipes according to claim 11 and the compressed air supply according to claim 12 ensures water expulsion without the risk that driving compressed air also flows to the water jet purge.
  • the arrangement could also be chosen differently. It is also not out of the question to let the driving compressed air enter below the water level.
  • control devices according to claim 19 are combined in a control plate which is also used to hold the vessels in the surrounding container.
  • a water jet pump or several water jet pumps according to claim 20 on the wall of the container because this saves pipes for the return of the process water.
  • the water jet pump can also be arranged elsewhere and the water via pipes, e.g. Hoses, return.
  • the changing filling and emptying of the expulsion vessels can also be controlled with a time-dependent control, by means of which a switchover from one expulsion vessel to the other takes place after a predetermined, preferably adjustable period of time, the period of time being selected such that the. Switching takes place in any case before the evacuating vessel is completely empty.
  • the device according to claims 21 and 22 can advantageously be used.
  • the arrangement of the relaxation vessel above the water filling and the removal of the water and the relaxed air at the deepest point of the relaxation vessel ensures in a simple manner that water does not accumulate in the relaxation vessel.
  • the main components of the device are a circulating container 1, two expulsion vessels 2 and 3, an expansion vessel 4, a compressed-air control slide 5 with an associated reversing device, generally designated 6, a reversing piston 7 for reversing the water supply and two water jet pumps 8 and 9.
  • a circulating container 1 two expulsion vessels 2 and 3
  • an expansion vessel 4 a compressed-air control slide 5 with an associated reversing device, generally designated 6,
  • a reversing piston 7 for reversing the water supply and two water jet pumps 8 and 9.
  • the surrounding container 1 as shown in FIG. 1, has a rectangular plan and a relatively large height in relation to the plan (see FIG. 2).
  • the container can e.g. are made of plastic.
  • At the bottom of the box strips 10, 11 and 12 are installed, on which the vessels 2, 3 and 4 are placed, so that these vessels have a certain distance from the bottom 13 of the container 1.
  • a water drain opening 14 is arranged close to the bottom 13 and is closed by a plug 15.
  • the expulsion vessels 2 and 3 have a cylindrical shape and are closed at the top with a ceiling 16 and at the bottom with a screwed-on bottom 17. Both vessels have the same design and are explained using the example of vessel 2.
  • valve flap 19 At the bottom 17 there is a large opening 18 which is closed with a valve flap 19.
  • the valve flap is pivotable about a horizontal axis 20 and has a sealing covering 21.
  • the relaxation vessel 4 consists of a good heat-conducting material, e.g. made of stainless steel and has ribs 4a on its outside. Baffles are arranged in the interior of the relaxation vessel 4, e.g. Cross plates 29 and 30, which force air entering the expansion vessel 4 to detour, so that a sound damping effect occurs.
  • the vessels 2, 3 and 4 are held in the container by a control plate designated as a whole by 32.
  • This control plate rests on the upper sides of the vessels 2, 3 and 4 and is secured against lifting upwards by means of holding elements 33 and 34.
  • the already mentioned as a rotary valve compressed air control valve 5 is mounted in the control plate.
  • the control plate receives the reversing piston 7, as the section according to FIG. 4 shows.
  • the rotary valve 5 has a cylindrical body in which there are two angular channels 35 and 36 at an axial distance from one another. At the level of the angular channel 35, three channels 37, 38 and 39 are arranged in the control plate 32.
  • the channel 38 has a vertical section 38 a, which leads to a compressed air connection 40.
  • the channel 37 leads from the bore 41, in which the rotary valve 5 is mounted, via a vertical section 37a into the expulsion vessel 2.
  • the channel 39 is symmetrical with the channel 37 and leads into the expulsion vessel 3.
  • the compressed air connection 40 communicates with the expulsion vessel 3. After the rotary valve 5 has been rotated clockwise by 90 °, the expulsion vessel 2 is connected to the compressed air connection 40.
  • the expulsion vessel 2 is a vertical section 42a of the bore a, the bore 42, the angular bore 36 in Rotary valve 5 and the bore 44, which also has a vertical section 44a, connected to the expansion vessel 4.
  • the expulsion vessel 2 is uncoupled from the expansion vessel 4 and the expulsion vessel 3 is coupled to the expansion vessel 4 for this purpose.
  • valve balls 46 which are made of a material that is specific is lighter than water and which are each guided in a cage 47 which has cross bores 47a.
  • a pipe 56 is connected to the bore 55 and branches at its end into two pipes 57 and 58, in which taps 59 and 60 are located.
  • the lines 57, 58 lead to the water jet pumps 8 and 9, on which there are suction connections 8a and 9a, to which vessels to be evacuated are connected, e.g. via flexible hoses.
  • Two cylinders 61 and 62 are placed on the control plate 32, into which the control lines 28 already mentioned open at the ends of the cylinder bores 61a and 62a. Between the two cylinders 61 and 62 extends a rod 63, the ends of which are designed as pistons 64 and 65, which are fitted into the cylinders 61a and 62a. In the middle of the rod there is a recess 66 into which (see FIG. 1) an arm 67 engages, which is firmly connected to the rotary valve 5 and projects radially from the arm.
  • the device works as follows.
  • valve position is such that the compressed air gets into the expulsion vessel 2.
  • the compressed air presses on the liquid level and conveys the water upwards via the riser pipe 48 (see FIG. 4).
  • the water pressure presses the piston 7 against the valve seat 54 located on the right and thus closes the riser pipe 49 of the other expulsion vessel.
  • the water flows through the bore 55 to the water jet pumps 8 and 9. The water released by the water jet pumps falls directly back into the container 1.
  • the relaxation vessel designated as a whole by 70, is arranged horizontally above the water level.
  • the expansion vessel is a cylindrical container that can be made of metal. Perforated sheets 71 are arranged in the vessel 70, some of which are shown in FIG. 9.
  • a water line 72 is connected, which branches off from the pressure line 56 leading to the water jet pumps.
  • the feed line 72 opens into the vessel 70 by means of a nozzle 73.
  • the jet direction of the nozzle 73 is directed at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the vessel 70 and downwards.
  • the air emerging from the expulsion vessels 2, 3 is introduced into the vessel 70 via a line 74.
  • the line 74 has an outlet opening 74a, the axis of which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vessel 70 and is arranged below the water inlet nozzle 73, but somewhat offset from it to the right.
  • the device according to FIGS. And 9 works largely the same as the device according to FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • the only difference is that water is introduced into the expansion vessel 70.
  • the water is finely divided when injected under pressure by tearing the jet and hitting the baffles 71.
  • a further division and distribution in the entire expansion vessel is brought about by the air blasts emerging from the air line mouth 74a.
  • the water is distributed over the perforated sheets 71, which are accordingly generally covered with a film of water.
  • the water is expelled from the vessel 70 together with the air via an exhaust pipe 75.
  • the mouth 75a of the exhaust pipe 75 opens into the surroundings above the water level 76 and is directed downward.
  • the water level in this embodiment is therefore somewhat lower than in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • a horizontal part 75b of the exhaust pipe 75 cuts the wall of the vessel 70 at its lowest point. This ensures that no water can collect in the vessel 70.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (24)

1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner une pompe par jet d'eau, dans lequel l'eau nécessaire au fonctionnement de la pompe est pompée pour circuler en circuit fermé, caractérisé en ce que l'eau est mise sous pression par de l'air comprimé, avec une pression d'air sensiblement constante, et en ce que l'air comprimé qui est utilisé pour chasser l'eau au travers de la pompe par jet d'eau, est détendu dans un espace de détente limité, de la chaleur étant extraite de l'eau et absorbée par l'air lors de sa détente et après celle-ci.
2. Procédé selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'air est détendu dans un espace de détente limité qui est balayé par l'eau.
3. Procédé selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'air est amené directement en contact avec l'eau, lors de sa détente.
4. Procédé selon revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'air est détendu dans un espace de détente limité, dans lequel l'air et l'eau sont introduits.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux espaces de chasse sont alternativement remplis d'air comprimé, l'eau étant expulsée pendant le remplissage, et en ce que pendant le remplissage d'un espacé de chasse l'air contenu dans l'autre espace de chasse est détendu dans l'espace de détente.
6. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux récipients de chasse (2, 3) au moins, des canaux de jonction à eau (48, 49, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58) qui relient les récipients de chasse (2, 3) à la pompe par jet d'eau (8, 9), un récipient de détente (4) au moins, des canaux de jonction pour l'air (42, 43, 44) qui relient les récipients de chasse (2, 3) au récipient à détente (4), un raccord à air comprimé (40) pour amener de l'air comprimé, des canaux de jonction pour l'air (37, 39) qui relient le raccord à air comprimé (40) aux récipients de chasse (2, 3), une première soupape à eau (7) pour relier alternativement les récipients de chasse (2, 3) au côté sous pression de la pompe par jet d'eau (8, 9), des deuxièmes soupapes à eau (19) pour relier les récipients de chasse (2, 3) à l'eau s'écoulant de la pompe par jet d'eau (8, 9), une soupape d'air comprimé (5) au moins pour relier alternativement les récipients de chasse (2, 3) au raccord d'air comprimé (40) et pour relier alternativement les récipients de chasse (2, 3) au récipient de détente (4).
7. Dispositif selon revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les récipients de chasse (2, 3) et le récipient de détente (4) sont disposés dans un réceptacle (1) qui est plus haut que les récipients de chasse (2, 3) et qui peut être rempli d'eau, le côté écoulement des pompes par jet d'eau débouchant dans le réceptacle (1) et les récipients de chasse (2, 3) ayant chacun, dans la région de leur fond, une communication d'écoulement (18), obturable par les deuxièmes soupapes à eau (19), avec l'intérieur du réceptacle (1).
8. Dispositif selon revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les deuxièmes soupapes à eau sont établies sous forme de soupapes de retenue et de préférence sous forme de clapets de soupape (19) disposés dans l'intérieur des récipients de chasse (2, 3), qui se déplacent pour venir dans la position de fermeture sous l'effet de la gravité.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la première soupape à eau (7) peut être commandée par l'eau sortant des récipients de chasse.
10. Dispositif selon revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un piston (7) coulissant dans un cylindre de commande (52), des canaux de jonction à eau (50, 51) débouchant aux extrémités du cylindre de commande, ces canaux menant aux récipients de chasse (2, 3), et un canal de jonction à eau (55) débouchant latéralement dans le cylindre, ce canal menant au côté sous pression de la pompe par jet d'eau (8, 9), ledit piston (7) fermant, dans chaque position d'extrémité, un des canaux (50, 51) débouchant du côté frontal, mais laissant ouvert le canal (55) débouchant latéralement.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que des tuyaux de refoulement (48, 49) sont disposés dans les récipients de chasse, ces tuyaux débouchant dans les récipients de chasse au voisinage de leur fond.
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les canaux à air (37, 39) pour l'introduction d'air comprimé dans les récipients de chasse débouchent dans ces derniers dans leur région supérieure, de préférence en leur point le plus haut.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé par un piston de changement de marche (63), actionnable par l'air comprimé se trouvant dans les récipients de chasse (2, 3), qui branche, après vidage d'un récipient de chasse, l'alimentation d'air comprimé sur l'autre récipient de chasse et établit la communication entre le récipient de chasse vidé et le récipient à détente.
14. Dispositif selon revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape à flotteur (23) est disposée au voisinage du fond de chaque récipient de chasse (2, 3), cette soupape fermant, lorsque le flotteur est enfoncé dans l'eau, un canal à air (28) qui aboutit à un côté du piston (63) de changement de marche à double effet.
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape (5) à air comprimé au moins est établie sous forme d'un tiroir de rotation.
16. Dispositif selon revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que deux soupapes à air comprimé sont combinées en un tiroir de rotation (5) unique, le tiroir de rotation présentant, dans un premier plan, des perçages (35) pour la première soupape à air comprimé et dans un deuxième plan écarté du premier, des perçages (36) pour la deuxième soupape à air comprimé, et lesdits perçages (35, 36) coopérant avec des perçages (38, 37, 39 ; 42, 44, 43), également disposés dans deux plans différents et ménagés dans un boîtier (32) du tiroir de rotation.
17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le tiroir de rotation (5) peut être déplacé par le piston (63) de changement de marche.
18 Dispositif selon revendication 17, caractérisé en ce qu'une tige (67) faisant saillie radialement est disposée sur le tiroir de rotation (5), cette tige étant reliée au piston (63) de changement de marche, par exemple par engagement dans une fente (66) ménagée dans ledit piston (63).
19. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une plaque de commande (32) qui repose sur les récipients de chasse (2, 3) et sur le récipient à détente (4) et est maintenue à l'encontre d'un soulèvement vers le haut, et qui contient les soupapes à air comprimé et les conduits à air comprimé afférents et de préférence également les canaux de jonction à eau.
20. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 19, caractérisé en ce que la pompe par jet d'eau (8, 9) est disposée sur une paroi du réceptacle (1) et se vide directement dans le réceptacle.
21. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 20, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le récipient à détente (70) est disposé au-dessus du remplissage d'eau et est relié par au moins un canal à eau (72) à un récipient de chasse au moins et en ce que le récipient à détente (70) comporte une ouverture de sortie (75) disposée à l'emplacement le plus profond pour la sortie d'un mélange eau/air (Fig. 8, 9).
22. Dispositif selon revendication 21, caractérisé en ce qu'avec un réceptacle selon revendication 7 il existe une ouverture de sortie (75a) pour la sortie du mélange eau/air au-dessus du niveau d'eau (76).
23. Dispositif selon revendication 21 ou 22, caractérisé en ce que pour l'introduction de l'eau dans le récipient à détente (70) il est prévu une buse, dont la direction du jet est orientée avec un certain angle, de préférence droit, par rapport à la direction de l'axe de l'ouverture de sortie de l'air (74a).
24. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 23, caractérisé en ce que des chicanes sont disposées dans le récipient à détente (70), par exemple sous la forme de tôles perforées (71) disposées avec écartement mutuel, les trous dans les tôles voisines étant de préférence respectivement décalés.
EP79104491A 1978-11-18 1979-11-14 Procédé et dispositif de fonctionnement pour pompe à jet d'eau Expired EP0011286B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79104491T ATE494T1 (de) 1978-11-18 1979-11-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer wasserstrahlpumpe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782850142 DE2850142A1 (de) 1978-11-18 1978-11-18 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb einer wasserstrahlpumpe
DE2850142 1978-11-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0011286A1 EP0011286A1 (fr) 1980-05-28
EP0011286B1 true EP0011286B1 (fr) 1981-12-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104491A Expired EP0011286B1 (fr) 1978-11-18 1979-11-14 Procédé et dispositif de fonctionnement pour pompe à jet d'eau

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) USRE31592E (fr)
EP (1) EP0011286B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5572700A (fr)
AT (1) ATE494T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE2850142A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3433401A1 (de) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-20 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur herstellung von unterdruck in apparaten bei der herstellung von phthalsaeureanhydrid und maleinsaeureanhydrid
US6817837B2 (en) 2002-07-19 2004-11-16 Walker-Dawson Interest, Inc. Jet pump with recirculating motive fluid
GB2484345A (en) * 2010-10-08 2012-04-11 Thermofluids Ltd Oscillating U-tube pump.
US8881499B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2014-11-11 Saigeworks, Llc Under water hydrogen and oxygen powered hydraulic impulse engine

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE120159C (fr) *
US475111A (en) * 1892-05-17 Hydraulic air-compressor
FR300797A (fr) * 1900-01-01
AT75041B (de) * 1914-07-04 1918-12-10 Kaelteindustrie M B H Ges Vorrichtung zum Absaugen und Fördern des Kondensates und der Luft aus Kondensatoren.
US1327560A (en) * 1918-09-16 1920-01-06 Hutchinson Job Means for cooling liquids
CH97705A (de) * 1921-08-19 1923-02-01 Broggi Vinzenz Mit Druckluft zu betätigende Pumpe.
US2249621A (en) * 1938-04-13 1941-07-15 Schlumbohm Peter Method of and apparatus for air conditioning
US2243507A (en) * 1938-12-06 1941-05-27 Neumann Herman Frederik Marcus Displacement pump
US2410354A (en) * 1945-02-17 1946-10-29 Joseph B Meyer Fluid pressure pump
US2702664A (en) * 1950-07-31 1955-02-22 Pienaar Theunis Marthin Snyman Air, gas, or like fluid compressor
DE1530560A1 (de) * 1965-04-13 1970-01-08 Daimler Benz Ag Fahrzeugkuehlung
GB1345627A (en) * 1971-12-22 1974-01-30 Mcintyre T Prime movers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE494T1 (de) 1982-01-15
JPS5572700A (en) 1980-05-31
DE2850142A1 (de) 1980-06-04
EP0011286A1 (fr) 1980-05-28
USRE31592E (en) 1984-05-29
JPH0122480B2 (fr) 1989-04-26
DE2961617D1 (en) 1982-02-11

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