EP0010711B1 - Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes - Google Patents
Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0010711B1 EP0010711B1 EP79104077A EP79104077A EP0010711B1 EP 0010711 B1 EP0010711 B1 EP 0010711B1 EP 79104077 A EP79104077 A EP 79104077A EP 79104077 A EP79104077 A EP 79104077A EP 0010711 B1 EP0010711 B1 EP 0010711B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- form textile
- textile materials
- metallised
- materials according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
- D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
- D06Q1/04—Decorating textiles by metallising
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
- H01Q15/20—Collapsible reflectors
Definitions
- Radar location is also widespread, especially in fog or unsightly weather.
- Small objects e.g. life rafts, small boats, etc.
- the objects of interest should therefore have at least a reflectivity of 90 ° / o.
- Compact material that reflects radar radiation with low losses is often out of the question as an outer cladding.
- the outer wall of small objects at sea cannot be provided with a compact metallic surface.
- US Pat. No. 3,047,860 also describes reflectors which are suitable for locating aircraft and which, owing to their construction, nets made of plastic strips with embedded metal foils, lead to excessive reflection losses and insufficient textile elasticity for rescue operations.
- VA fibers were preferably incorporated into a polymer fiber.
- the object of the invention is to improve the recognizability of smaller objects with radar beams, particularly in the fields of sea and aviation and in the emergency services. It has now been found that the visibility by radar, especially in the case of small objects, is improved if metallized textile fabrics are attached to the objects, with nickel after activation of the textile fabrics on them with a metal layer thickness on the monofilament between 0.02 and 2 , 5 ⁇ m has been electrolessly deposited wet chemically. Textile fabrics are understood to mean woven goods, knitwear and nonwovens.
- the invention relates to the use of metallized textile fabrics as a reflective material for micro and decimeter wave radiation.
- the polarization of the radiation reflected on stretched metallized tissues can be used to facilitate or increase the object recognition.
- a pulsating polarization of the reflected microwaves can be achieved by periodic stretching and unloading.
- the surface conductivity of the textile fabrics is considerably greater than if the same amount of metal had been applied by vapor deposition.
- the surface resistance measured according to DIN 54345 at 23 ° C and 50% RH, is of the order of magnitude around or below 1 - 10 2 Q. It is surprising that even layer thicknesses in the area of the skin depth still have a high reflectivity, which is due to the textile construction may be related. For nickel layers, for example, the skin depth is 0.27 ⁇ m at 3 GHz and 0.16 ⁇ m at 9 GHz.
- the improved recognizability of even small objects increases safety, particularly in the fields of shipping, aviation and rescue services.
- the light weight and the flexibility of the material are particularly advantageous when used according to the invention. It can be attached to uneven surfaces and can be cut to any size. It is so light that the additional weight hardly changes the total weight. It is a novel, technical method to increase the reflection behavior of a non-metallic object for radar beams.
- the durability of the electrolessly deposited layer is also higher than would be expected with a vapor-deposited metal layer. It is also possible to coat the metal layer with a further protective layer, e.g. to be additionally protected by painting, lamination or coating.
- the reflectivity is very high in a range between 0.02 and 1000 GHz, ie in a far larger range than just the "classic" radar radiation.
- the textile fabric can consist of cotton, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, aramid, polyester, viscose, modacrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, PVC alone or in combination with one another.
- the electrolessly deposited metal layer consists of nickel.
- a further metal layer, preferably gold, can be deposited thereon in an electroless, wet chemical manner.
- the mesh size or crossing points of the weft and warp threads in fabrics should be less than one tenth of the wavelength of the radiation to be reflected.
- the reflection also depends on the shape of the textile construction. A textile construction that is as isotropic as possible will therefore be chosen if the reflection is to be isotropic.
- by bracing a loose, coarse-meshed textile fabric it can be achieved that the microwave rays are partially polarized after the reflection if unpolarized radiation is incident, or the reflection is particularly great for linearly polarized, incident radiation if the mechanical tension and the vector of the electric field strength are perpendicular to each other.
- the degree of polarization indicates the proportion of polarized radiation in the total radiation.
- a 100% polyacrylonitrile filament yarn fabric has the following textile construction:
- the sample (dry weight 7.2 g) has about 3.1 g, i.e. approx. 40% by weight of nickel metal.
- the quick activation and the high metal deposition at room temperature are surprising.
- the nickel layer thickness on the monofilament is 0.77 ⁇ m.
- textile fabrics coated with nickel were produced in different thicknesses and the reflection losses between 2 and 25 GHz were measured.
- the measurement method is described, for example, in H. Groll, Microwave Measurement Technology, F. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1,969, pp. 353 ff.
- the reflection loss is given in dB.
- broadband frequency-modulated radiation of constant power e.g. 1.9 to 2.4 GHz, 7 to 8 GHz.
- the textile fabrics are the same as in Example 1; they are also coated with nickel as in Example 1.
- the angle of incidence is 30 °.
- Dense tissue is therefore required to achieve good reflection at short wavelengths.
- a textile fabric according to Example 1 is coated with a 0.2 ⁇ m nickel coating as described there. Immediately after rinsing, it is placed in a gold cyanide bath at 78 ° C. while still wet. The gold bath based on potassium gold cyanide is adjusted to a pH of 10.5 at 4 g / l with ammonia. After 20 seconds, a shiny gold metal film is deposited on the shiny nickel layer. The gold layer thickness on the nickel-plated surface is 0.2 ⁇ m within 5 minutes. The reflection losses in dB with vertical incidence are shown below.
- the degree of reflection depends on mechanical stresses.
- Linearly polarized microwave radiation falls vertically onto a knitted fabric of an acrylonitrile copolymer on which a 0.75 ⁇ m thick nickel layer is deposited.
- Line II shows the reflection losses in dB if the knitted fabric is not mechanically stressed.
- Line I shows the losses under tensile stress (direction of stress parallel to the E-vector).
- a periodic variation in the tensile stress leads to a periodic variation in the reflected microwave intensity. If the E-vector of the incident, linearly polarized microwave radiation is not in the direction of the tensile stress of the knitted fabric or fabric, there are changes in the reflected intensity corresponding to the proportion of the E-component in this direction. As a result, the recognizability of an object sought by radar can be increased considerably within an environment that is constantly reflecting over time (rescue service, friend / enemy detection, etc.).
- a polyethylene paper i.e. a fleece made of polyolefin staple fibers is provided with an electrolessly deposited nickel layer as described above.
- This metallized textile fabric is particularly suitable as a recognition material, e.g. as a cross for search helicopters. Because of its light weight, it can easily be carried on expeditions.
- a polyester-cotton blend consisting of 65% by weight of polyester staple fibers based on polyethylene terephthalate and 35% by weight of cotton, shows the reflection losses in dB given below with a 0.7 ⁇ m thick nickel layer.
- This metallized material is suitable for tents, backpacks or clothing for skiers and hikers.
- the fabric has only become imperceptibly heavier due to the metallization; it has not lost its textile elastic properties. If you cover it with a soft PVC layer to make it rainproof, it can also be provided with warning colors. People who carry such backpacks or clothing can be found with radar equipment if they are lost in desert areas or on the tundra.
- a balloon fabric for example made of a polyester filament yarn or nylon 6,6 fabric, is coated with an approximately 0.7 ⁇ m thick electroless nickel layer. Also receives. it has a protective coating made of PVC, rubber or polyurethane varnish. This subsequent lamination does not disturb the reflection assets of the fabrics. In line 1 the reflection losses in dB of this fabric are given if it is only provided with a 0.7 ⁇ m thick nickel layer, in line II the losses with an additional rubber coating.
- a free balloon made of such material can be easily located using the on-board radar of a commercial aircraft.
- the fabric can also be embedded as the last layer in polyester resin, which increases the radar location of gliders.
- a polyamide or polyester filament yarn fabric is provided with an approximately 0.65 ⁇ m thick nickel layer.
- line I of the table below the reflection losses are given in dB, by lamination with a pVC coating (line 11) or with a polyethylene coating (line 111) the reflectivity of the metallized tissue is practically unchanged.
- This metallic fabric can be used to produce life jackets in an advantageous manner, which can also be provided with the prescribed warning color RAL 2005.
- the fabric can also be attached to life rafts. When the fabric is attached to the mast tips of sailboats, they are easier to locate with radar without the sailboat becoming top-heavy.
- a further advantage of the metallized, textile fabrics can be that they can be heated electrically.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Decoration Of Textiles (AREA)
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT79104077T ATE989T1 (de) | 1978-11-02 | 1979-10-22 | Verwendung von metallisierten, textilen flaechengebilden als reflexionsmedien fuer mikrowellen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19782847485 DE2847485A1 (de) | 1978-11-02 | 1978-11-02 | Verwendung von metallisierten, textilen flaechengebilden als reflexionsmedien fuer mikrowellen |
DE2847485 | 1978-11-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0010711A1 EP0010711A1 (fr) | 1980-05-14 |
EP0010711B1 true EP0010711B1 (fr) | 1982-05-05 |
Family
ID=6053652
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79104077A Expired EP0010711B1 (fr) | 1978-11-02 | 1979-10-22 | Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4320403A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0010711B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5566106A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE989T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE2847485A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3347389A1 (de) * | 1983-12-29 | 1986-02-20 | Ballonfabrik See- und Luftausrüstung GmbH & Co KG, 8900 Augsburg | Vorrichtung zur reflexion von radarwellen fuer ortungszwecke |
DE3631696A1 (de) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-07 | Wilde Membran Impuls Tech | Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung bei elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen |
DE3633257A1 (de) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-05-05 | Wilde Membran Impuls Tech | Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung und brandschutz bei gegenstaenden, insbesondere elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen sowie raeumen |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3017204A1 (de) * | 1980-05-06 | 1981-11-12 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zum beschichten von flaechengebilden aus metallisierten textilfasern und deren verwendung fuer die herstellung von mikrowellen reflektierenden gegenstaenden |
DE3141118A1 (de) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-04-28 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur reflexion hochfrequenter mikrowellen |
DE3146233A1 (de) * | 1981-11-21 | 1983-05-26 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verwendung metallisierter netzgewirke als augenschutz gegen mikrowellenstrahlung |
US4549187A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1985-10-22 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Metallic coated and lubricated amorphous silica yarn used as a mesh antenna reflector |
DE3247652A1 (de) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-06-28 | Hasso Von Bluecher | Verfahren zum dekontaminieren von textilen flaechengebilden |
US5209887A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1993-05-11 | Bluecher Hubert | Process for manufacturing microspherules of activated carbon |
DE3510209A1 (de) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-09-25 | Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher | Mikrokuegelchen aus aktivkohle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
JPS61239044A (ja) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-24 | 旭化成株式会社 | 導電性繊維材料 |
FR2601392B1 (fr) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-10-28 | Corbiere Sa | Procede pour la fabrication d'une etoffe textile a effets de paillettes. |
US4987848A (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1991-01-29 | Todd David P | Radar reflecting safety flag |
GB8723861D0 (en) * | 1987-10-10 | 1988-01-27 | Lantor Uk Ltd | Improvements in or relating to non-woven fabrics |
US5283592A (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1994-02-01 | General Electric Co. | Antenna sunshield membrane |
GB2256529B (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1995-08-16 | Marconi Electronic Devices | Antenna arrangements |
GB9107003D0 (en) * | 1991-04-04 | 1991-05-22 | Chemring Ltd | Inflatable marine radar reflector |
CA2073783A1 (fr) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Tissu elastomere metallise et methode de fabrication connexe |
US5570476A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1996-11-05 | Olive; Bruce B. | Head cover providing selective radiation shielding |
DE19716612A1 (de) * | 1997-04-21 | 1998-10-22 | Raetz Walter | Signalübertragungselement für den Einbau in elastomeren Fördereinrichtungen |
JP3471617B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-30 | 2003-12-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 平面アンテナ装置 |
US6374413B1 (en) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-04-23 | Terence Magee | Radar reflective garment |
DE20021700U1 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2001-03-01 | Heine Goetz | Bekleidungselement |
US6606247B2 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-08-12 | Alien Technology Corporation | Multi-feature-size electronic structures |
DE10149645C1 (de) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-01-23 | Thueringisches Inst Textil | Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrisch leitfähiger Polymerverbunde mit elektromagnetisch abschirmender Funktion |
DE102007055725A1 (de) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-10 | Basf Se | Mehrlagiges Material, umfassend mindestens zwei metallisierte Schichten auf mindestens einem Textil, und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO2014063008A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | Alberth Jr William P | Vêtement de protection contre les radiofréquences |
US11132595B1 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2021-09-28 | William P. Alberth, Jr. | Method and apparatus for providing radio-frequency shielding information |
US11455883B2 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2022-09-27 | William P. Alberth, Jr. | Method and apparatus for providing radio-frequency shielding information |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2447380A (en) * | 1944-05-04 | 1948-08-17 | Focal Company | Process for metalizing nonmetallic articles |
US2534710A (en) * | 1946-05-08 | 1950-12-19 | Serge E Golian | Buoy supported collapsible radar reflector |
GB639740A (en) * | 1947-10-21 | 1950-07-05 | Suchy Holdings Ltd | Improvements in and relating to radar reflection surfaces |
US2750321A (en) * | 1951-09-04 | 1956-06-12 | Raymond De Icer And Engineerin | Antennas and material for fabrication thereof |
US2814038A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1957-11-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Lightweight antennas |
US2936453A (en) * | 1957-07-02 | 1960-05-10 | Henri P Coleman | Passive reflector |
US3047860A (en) * | 1957-11-27 | 1962-07-31 | Austin B Swallow | Two ply electromagnetic energy reflecting fabric |
GB838250A (en) * | 1958-01-15 | 1960-06-22 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in pneumatically inflatable radar reflectors |
NL238893A (fr) * | 1958-05-03 | |||
DE1791564U (de) * | 1959-03-20 | 1959-07-02 | Ver Seidenwebereien A G | Radarempfindliches zieltuch. |
US3466360A (en) * | 1965-12-27 | 1969-09-09 | Gen Electric | Method of making frequency-stabilized metal-clad laminates and article |
US3587098A (en) * | 1968-10-11 | 1971-06-22 | Us Navy | Lightweight reflecting material for radar antennas |
US3969731A (en) * | 1970-02-11 | 1976-07-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Mesh articles particularly for use as reflectors of radio waves |
US3721983A (en) * | 1970-06-08 | 1973-03-20 | O Sherer | Signal balloon |
DE7129544U (de) * | 1971-08-02 | 1972-02-17 | Diehl F & Co | Leuchtstoffgewebebahn -folie oder dgl. |
JPS5125519B2 (fr) * | 1973-11-30 | 1976-07-31 | ||
US4199623A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1980-04-22 | Kollmorgen Technologies Corporation | Process for sensitizing articles for metallization and resulting articles |
SE420236B (sv) * | 1975-05-13 | 1981-09-21 | Barracudaverken Ab | Radarkamouflerande kamouflageduk med stodvev |
-
1978
- 1978-11-02 DE DE19782847485 patent/DE2847485A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1979
- 1979-10-22 DE DE7979104077T patent/DE2962730D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-10-22 EP EP79104077A patent/EP0010711B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1979-10-22 AT AT79104077T patent/ATE989T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-30 US US06/089,712 patent/US4320403A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-11-02 JP JP14139279A patent/JPS5566106A/ja active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-07-06 US US06/282,105 patent/US4420757A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3347389A1 (de) * | 1983-12-29 | 1986-02-20 | Ballonfabrik See- und Luftausrüstung GmbH & Co KG, 8900 Augsburg | Vorrichtung zur reflexion von radarwellen fuer ortungszwecke |
DE3631696A1 (de) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-07 | Wilde Membran Impuls Tech | Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung bei elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen |
DE3633257A1 (de) * | 1986-09-30 | 1988-05-05 | Wilde Membran Impuls Tech | Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung und brandschutz bei gegenstaenden, insbesondere elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen sowie raeumen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5566106A (en) | 1980-05-19 |
US4420757A (en) | 1983-12-13 |
DE2962730D1 (en) | 1982-06-24 |
JPS631762B2 (fr) | 1988-01-14 |
US4320403A (en) | 1982-03-16 |
EP0010711A1 (fr) | 1980-05-14 |
ATE989T1 (de) | 1982-05-15 |
DE2847485A1 (de) | 1980-05-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0010711B1 (fr) | Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes | |
EP0010712B1 (fr) | Emploi de surfaces textiles métallisées comme protection contre la radiation de micro-ondes | |
EP0117393B1 (fr) | Matériau composite pour paratonnerres | |
DE2933307C2 (de) | Beschichtetes textiles Flächengebilde | |
EP0043040A1 (fr) | Matière composée pour le blindage contre rayonnement électro-magnétique | |
DE2913547C2 (de) | Planen hoher Reißfestigkeit | |
KR100775127B1 (ko) | 무전해 도금 섬유를 이용한 위장직물 | |
DE4415372C2 (de) | Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung zur Abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische Hochfrequenzfelder und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Trägermaterials | |
DE3106365C2 (de) | Wetterfestes Mehrschichtenmaterial | |
EP0124817A2 (fr) | Tissu élastique et procédé de sa fabrication | |
DE3243190A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung metallisierter textiler flaechengebilde | |
EP0025927A2 (fr) | Matériau, fils et fibres textiles, dorés et métallisés, procédé pour leur préparation, et utilisation du matériau textile pour l'absorption et la réflexion de micro-ondes | |
DE3117245A1 (de) | Verwendung textiler metallisierter polwaren als mikrowellenabsorber | |
WO1997007269A1 (fr) | Tissu reticule | |
DE2919819A1 (de) | Verfahren zur erhoehung der elektrischen leistung von aus metallisierten textilen flaechengebilden bestehenden heizelementen | |
EP0053748B1 (fr) | Réflexion de micro-ondes d'articles textiles métallisés | |
KR840000586B1 (ko) | 극초단파 산란용 직물 | |
KR920004614B1 (ko) | 레이다 탐지로부터 피할 수 있는 위장용 직물 (원단) | |
KR880001238Y1 (ko) | 위장용 직물 | |
KR200409581Y1 (ko) | 무전해 도금 섬유를 이용한 위장직물 | |
SE439402B (sv) | Anvendning av metalliserade, textila ytalster som reflexionsmedium for mikrovagor | |
EP0068092A2 (fr) | Absorbants de micro-ondes produisant une très faible réflexion ainsi que leur utilisation | |
DE3117246A1 (de) | Mikrowellenabsorber mit sehr geringer reflexion | |
DE3237494A1 (de) | Faltbare, flexible radar-reflektoren | |
KR810001207B1 (ko) | 편직 위장물 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed | ||
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: SOCIETA' ITALIANA BREVETTI S.P.A. |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 989 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19820515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 2962730 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19820624 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19821031 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19831114 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19851011 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19861022 |
|
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19910919 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19910923 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19911007 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19911011 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19911023 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19911031 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19921022 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19921031 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19921031 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: BAYER A.G. Effective date: 19921031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19930501 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19921022 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19930630 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19930701 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |