EP0008560B1 - System for reefing and furling stay sails - Google Patents

System for reefing and furling stay sails Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008560B1
EP0008560B1 EP79420036A EP79420036A EP0008560B1 EP 0008560 B1 EP0008560 B1 EP 0008560B1 EP 79420036 A EP79420036 A EP 79420036A EP 79420036 A EP79420036 A EP 79420036A EP 0008560 B1 EP0008560 B1 EP 0008560B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
sail
lock
constituted
halyard
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Expired
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EP79420036A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0008560A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Ingouf
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0008560A1 publication Critical patent/EP0008560A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B63H9/10—Running rigging, e.g. reefing equipment
    • B63H9/1021—Reefing
    • B63H9/1028—Reefing by furling around stays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B63H9/10—Running rigging, e.g. reefing equipment
    • B63H9/1021—Reefing
    • B63H2009/105—Reefing using drives for actuating reefing mechanism, e.g. roll reefing drives
    • B63H2009/1057—Reefing using drives for actuating reefing mechanism, e.g. roll reefing drives using sheaves being friction driven by endless ropes or by ropes having two free ends

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement to the devices making it possible to establish a sail, and more particularly a jib, as well as to adapt the surface of said sail according to the force of the wind.
  • a jib or the like is maintained between the deck (tack point on the deck) and the top of the mast (halyard point) by means of a forestay on which it is mounted (moored) .
  • jib furler To allow the wrapping of a jib around its luff, in order to modify the surface, using a device known as the "jib furler".
  • the jib furler comprises at its base a drum 1 secured to the armor point 2 on the deck by a swivel E1 and to the halyard stitch 3 at the top of the mast. by a second swivel E2 between which the luff 4 of the jib 5 is stretched.
  • the drum 1 and the swivel E2 are connected by a rotating forestay which may be constituted by tubular segments placed end to end by surrounding a narrow web between the point of armor and the point of halyard.
  • the rotating forestay is provided with one or two grooves, in which the headline cord of the sail can slide.
  • These grooves can be an integral part of the rotating forestay or be made by means of a metal or plastic sheath.
  • the jib can be easily removed during periods of non-use.
  • halyard passing over a pulley disposed under the swivel E2 at the top of the rotating forestay, the end of the halyard being, after having hoisted the jib, secured (struck) with the reel drum secured to the rotating forestay.
  • the bolt, the ratchet and the rack represent bodies whose mutual cooperation requires great precision in execution.
  • operating wear quickly destroys the initial precision of execution.
  • the maneuvers of such members in medium or heavy weather impose great fatigue on such mechanical members and that this results in wear quickly responsible for faulty operation.
  • the search for the neutral position of the ratchet requires a certain dexterity which cannot be based on any real tactile perception given the general conditions of maneuver on a boat and also the relatively great distance separating the maneuvering station from the high point. of the mandrel. This frequently results in repeated and tiring maneuvers to set up a jib.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely a simple, robust and reliable device, allowing the installation, the maintenance, the winding of a sail, in particular of a jib, along its luff, in order to modify the surface, a device which overcomes the drawbacks of previous devices and in particular eliminates the use of delicate and expensive ball bearings, while leaving the possibility of using the normal halyards of the boat to hoist and set the sail associated with said device.
  • the device according to the invention for setting up, maintaining and winding a sail
  • a device which, in the following description will also be designated by the expression "furling jib ", is of the type according to which the sail is subject to a tubular mandrel constituted by tubular segments end to end and capable of turning around the fixed stay, the mandrel carrying a sail attachment slide capable of being immobilized at the head of the mandrel by a lock.
  • the mandrel has at least one groove in which the headline cord of the sail can slide, said rotating mandrel being associated with means making it possible to drive it in rotation, such as a winding drum, so as to cause the reduction of the surface of the sail by winding around the periphery of the mandrel.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the tubular element comprises three parallel grooves, extending over its entire length, substantially along the generatrices, the angle at the top of the sector occupied by the three grooves being less than about one hundred and twenty (120 °) degrees, and the outer edges of said grooves serving as a guiding and holding element for a second slide called “trigger slide” comprising means capable of causing opening of the retractable latch and, consequently, the release of the carrier slide, this second slide partially surrounding the tubular element so as to leave the grooves that it comprises visible and unobstructed and being arranged below the support slide and capable of being moved independently of the latter along the tubular element.
  • a second slide comprising means capable of causing opening of the retractable latch and, consequently, the release of the carrier slide, this second slide partially surrounding the tubular element so as to leave the grooves that it comprises visible and unobstructed and being arranged below the support slide and capable of being moved independently of the latter along the tubular element.
  • the tubular element according to the invention is constituted by the fitting of elements of short length, around the existing forestay, the rotation of these elements around the forestay being advantageously ensured by bearings.
  • the assembly of the short tubular elements is obtained by fitting, each element comprising, at one of its ends, a split sleeve, which is inserted by pressing into the preceding element, a rib in relief being provided on an internal generatrix of each element, so as to serve guide to split sleeves.
  • the split sleeves are preferably secured at the end of each tubular element, for example by gluing or any other equivalent means.
  • the tubular element may be associated with means making it possible, when the surface of the sail is reduced by surrounding it around the periphery of the mandrel, to compensate for the excess thicknesses that said sail can have ( reinforcement of halyard and tack points) so as to constantly obtain, by winding, a strictly flat residual surface.
  • These means may for example be constituted by a rod, subject to the central groove, outside the (or the) zone where the sail has extra thicknesses.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 schematically illustrate the state of the art examined previously.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are general views showing a device in accordance with the invention, on the one hand, during the fitting of the sail (fig. 3) and, on the other hand, after this fitting (fig. 4).
  • Fig. 5 is a partial view, in section, showing more particularly the manner in which one of the elements of the invention is mounted on a fixed stay.
  • Figs. 6 and 11 are views showing an embodiment of a tubular element forming a rotating mandrel according to the invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective of one of the constituent elements of the invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a plan view partly in section showing the element according to FIG. 12.
  • Fig. 14 is a perspective illustrating another constituent element of the subject of the invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a partial sectional elevation of the element according to FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 16 is a section showing an organ of the object of the invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation showing the object of the invention in a particular state of operation.
  • Figs. 18 and 19 are partial sections representing two particular phases of an operating state of some of the organs of the object of the invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic view showing a feature of use of the invention.
  • Fig. 21 is an elevation of a development of the invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a perspective showing in more detail development according to FIG. 21.
  • Figs. 23 and 24 are cross sections showing the implementation of the development according to FIG. 21.
  • the device according to the invention for setting up, maintaining and winding a sail, is of the type according to which the sail 10 is subject to the tack 11 on the deck and to the point halyard 12 at the top of the mast 13 by means of a rotating mandrel having at least one groove in which the ralinque cord of the sail 10 can slide.
  • This rotary mandrel is associated with means making it possible to drive it in rotation, such as a winding drum 14 per se known, in order to cause the winding 10 to wind around the periphery of the rotary mandrel.
  • the rotary mandrel is constituted by a tubular element 15, rigid, mounted to rotate freely around a fixed co-axial stay connecting the tack 11 on the bridge to the halyard point 12 at the top of the mast.
  • This tubular element 15 rests by its lower part on a stop integral with the fixed stay 16.
  • the tubular element 15 is mounted around the fixed co-axial stay 16 and the stop secured to this fixed stay 16 is constituted, in co embodiment, by a bearing 17, made for example of stainless steel, secured of the yoke of the turnbuckle 18 and which supports a bearing 19, for example made of polyamide, the diameter of which corresponds to the internal diameter of the tubular element 15.
  • the drum 14 for rotating the tubular element 15 is constituted by two notched flanges 20 and 21, one of which 20 is carried by the tubular end 15 and the other of which is fixed to the first .
  • the rotation drive of the drum 14 is preferably ensured by a reciprocating rope 42 (Fig. 6) maintained in tension by a return pulley 43 and an elastic tensioner 44 secured to the bridge.
  • the upper part of the tubular element 15 has a retractable lock 22, normally in the closed position and essentially constituted by a hook 23 subjected to the action of a return member.
  • the tubular element 15 is associated with means for opening the retractable lock 22, these means being able to be constituted by a simple return cord.
  • they are formed by a second slide 33 partially surrounding the tubular element 15 so as to leave free the grooves that it has, said slide 33 being arranged below the carrier slide 24 and having means capable of causing the opening of the retractable lock 22.
  • the tubular element 15 is produced from a short assembly 15a and 15b, fitted one inside the other, around a fixed stay 16.
  • the connection of these elements to each other is obtained by means of split tubes 34, serving as assembly sleeves between the various elements 15a - 15b, these elements comprising a rib 35 whose width corresponds to the width of the slot 36 of the sleeves 34.
  • split tubes 34 serving as assembly sleeves between the various elements 15a - 15b, these elements comprising a rib 35 whose width corresponds to the width of the slot 36 of the sleeves 34.
  • the rotation of the tubular element 15 around the fixed stay 16 is ensured by means of pads 40, for example based on polyamide, such as that sold under the brand Rilsan (polyamide 11), these pads being insensitive to the action of sea water.
  • pads 40 for example based on polyamide, such as that sold under the brand Rilsan (polyamide 11), these pads being insensitive to the action of sea water.
  • the use of such bearings is made possible by the invention, by the fact that the tubular element 15 does not support the tension of the forestay before it is stored inside said tubular element 15. Consequently, the bearings 40 have practically no load to bear, the lower bearing 19 supporting only the weight of the tube and that of the sail (of the order of a few tens of kgs).
  • pads 40 are advantageously made in two symmetrical parts 40a-40b (fig. 10) and delimit a groove 41 corresponding to the rib 35 of the tube, which makes it possible to make these elements integral in rotation. These pads are assembled by placing them on either side of the forestay 16 and pushing them back inside each element 15a-15b, in particular by the split sleeve 34.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain a tubular element having a sufficient diameter and having a high moment of inertia to resist twisting when it is subjected to the torsional torque applied to its base by the winding drum 14.
  • tubular element of hollow cylindrical section with thin walls, of forty (40) millimeters in diameter, from a light alloy, weighing seven hundred and fifty (750) grams per meter and supporting without permanent deformation a torsional torque of 29 da Nm.
  • the production of the tubular element 15 from elements of short length, bearing on an internal generator a rib 35 ensures precise guidance of the sleeves slotted 34 and guarantees the transmission of the torque from one element to another without any play, while ensuring the freedom of longitudinal translation required for possible disassembly of the elements.
  • the tubular element 15 has on its external face three grooves aligned side by side, 37, 38, 39. These grooves extend over the entire length and the angle at the top of the sector which they occupy is preferably less at one hundred and twenty (120 °) degrees. These grooves, in known manner, are used for two of them (37 and 39) to maintain the headline cord of the sail 10, the third (central groove 38) being a service groove used, either for introducing or circulate accessories there (assembly rods and oscillating chargers), or to have, when the tubular element 15 is produced from elements of short length, connecting rods reinforcing the connection between these various elements.
  • the carrying slide 24, shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 12 and 13, is shaped to wrap the tubular element 15 on which it is wedged angularly by the outer edges of the grooves 37 and 39.
  • the guide of the slide 24 and its free sliding on the tubular element is ensured by one or more fittings or pad 24a attached internally and for example made of a material known under the brand of Rilsan or Teflon.
  • the carrying slide 24 comprises means for connecting with the sail, these means being constituted by an elongated eye 25 extending axially at the outer periphery of the slide 24.
  • the means for engaging with the retractable latch are constituted by a keeper or a spigot 27 overhanging a trigger 26 comprising a head 26a and a tail 26b which is free to slide in a bore presented by a boss 26c extending axially at the external periphery of the slide 24 opposite to the eye 25.
  • the tail 26b normally projects from the lower peripheral edge of the slider 24.
  • the means of temporary connection with the end of a halyard are preferably formed by the same eye 25 but it could be provided to make the slider 24 have a proper eye for this function.
  • the slide 33 called in the following trigger slide, is formed, as appears in Figs. 14 and 15 by an axially open casing so that it can be threaded on the tubular element 15 while clearing the grooves 37 to 39.
  • the axial opening of the envelope is chosen so that the D ords cooperate with the wings of the extreme grooves 37 and 39 which thus ensure angular immobilization.
  • the trigger slide 33 comprises, opposite its axial opening, a cylindrical housing 33a in which is housed a spring 33b kept compressed between a stop 33c and a head 33d.
  • the slide 33 also comprises, from its outer periphery, an eye 45 extending axially while being located in one of the sectors included between the boss of the cylindrical housing 33a and the axial opening.
  • the tack of the sail in the present case of the jib, is necessarily applied to one eye 14a of the winding pulley 14, its halyard point being struck (secured) on the eye 25 of the guide slide 24 guided on tube 15.
  • a halyard 29 which passes around a pulley 30 placed at the head of the mast and terminates in a winch or winding winch 31 (fig. 3).
  • the connection between the slider 24 and the halyard 29 is established by means of a hook 28 provided at the end of the latter and having, as illustrated in FIG. 16, in an open form, closed by a gate 47, for example based on elastomer, sufficiently stiff so that said hook cannot be detached under the influence of its weight but can be released by a traction exerted on a cord callback 48 struck at the foot of the mast.
  • the flange 27 of the slide 24 engages, at the top of the tubular element 15, under the retractable latch 22, and more particularly under the hook 23 normally held in the closed position, for example by a spring 70
  • the engagement (fig. 17) being operated the tension of the halyard 29 can be released since, thanks to the hook 23, the tension of tensioning of the luff is then supported by the tubular element 15 (fig. 4).
  • a pull on the return cord 48 releases the open hook 28 from the slide and allows the halyard to be brought back to the foot of the mast. Completely separated from the tubular element supporting the sail, the halyard 29 is therefore available for another use.
  • the halyard 29 is this time struck by its hook 28 on the eye 45 of the trigger slide 33 stored at the base of the tubular element 15.
  • the trigger slider 33 Via the halyard 29, the trigger slider 33 is hoisted along the tubular element 15 until it comes into contact with the carrying slider 24 (fig. 17). In this position the head 33d strikes the tail 26c which pushes the head back into the housing 33a, with the result of compressing the spring 33b.
  • an additional force on the halyard relieves the slider 24 and therefore frees the head of the hook 23 from the tension of the luff, which allows the trigger 26, pushed upwards by the action of the spring 33b on the rod 26 b, to penetrate under the hook 23, to rotate it, then to release the chin 27 of the slide 24, which immediately begins its descent, as soon as the halyard is released completely 29.
  • the hook 23 opens in fact very quickly, as soon as the component FR 2 of the compression force F of the spring 33b becomes equal to the sum Fr + Ff of the compression forces due to the spring 70 of the hook 23 (Fr) and friction (Ff). As the friction force in motion is much less than Ff, the primed opening is accelerated until complete release at a time when the traction of the halyard is still less than the traction of the luff supported up to now by the hook 23 .
  • the device according to the invention can be easily adapted to obtain good flatness of the sail when it is partially wound around the tubular element 15, despite the extra thicknesses which it can have in particular at its ends.
  • the second turn wound on the first will have an increased diameter of 2 x 3 mm and a perimeter of 140 mm + ( ⁇ x 6) s 140 + 18 mm And so on.
  • the remedy for this defect consists in increasing the winding perimeter in the area BC between the reinforcements by an artifice (fig. 20, 21).
  • the tubular element according to the invention provides a universal solution to this problem. It consists in creating a winding mandrel tube with constant profile by forming the desired increase in perimeter by applying along a generatrix of the mandrel 15, an added element, such as a rod 80, made of plastic or the like.
  • a rod 80 made of plastic or the like.
  • the joint 80 with the tubular element 15 can be made by bonding , riveting or any other equivalent means.
  • the rod 80 can be cut into elements of similar length to be pre-assembled on the portions of tubular elements intended to be fitted together. in the others.
  • the object of the invention is very particularly intended for pleasure and / or competition sailboats, because it makes it possible to simultaneously establish double trumpets operating in a manner analogous to a Spinnaker and which can if necessary be adjusted on the surface by rotation of the tubular element 15.

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Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement aux dispositifs permettant d'établir une voile, et plus particulièrement un foc, ainsi que d'adapter la surface de ladite voile en fonction de la force du vent.The present invention relates to an improvement to the devices making it possible to establish a sail, and more particularly a jib, as well as to adapt the surface of said sail according to the force of the wind.

Dans la suite de la description, l'invention sera décrite plus particulièrement pour l'établissement, le maintien et le réglage d'un foc de voilier, mais il est évident que cela n'est pas limitatif et qu'elle concerne toutes les applications équivalentes.In the following description, the invention will be described more particularly for the establishment, maintenance and adjustment of a sailboat jib, but it is obvious that this is not limiting and that it relates to all applications equivalent.

Technique antérieurePrior art

D'une manière générale, un foc ou similaire est maintenu entre le pont (point d'amure sur le pont) et le sommet du mât (point de drisse) par l'intermédiaire d'un étai sur lequel il est monté (endraillé).Generally, a jib or the like is maintained between the deck (tack point on the deck) and the top of the mast (halyard point) by means of a forestay on which it is mounted (moored) .

Pour réduire la surface de la voilure et l'adapter à la force du vent, il est usuel de prendre des ris dans la grand'voile, et d'échanger les focs (voiles d'avant endraillées sur l'étai), ce qui nécessite des manoeuvres longues et pénibles.To reduce the surface area of the wing and adapt it to the force of the wind, it is customary to take reefs in the mainsail, and to exchange the jibs (front sails moored on the forestay), which requires long and painful maneuvers.

Pour surmonter ces inconvénients, il a été proposé de réduire la surface de la voile en l'enroulant progressivement autour de sa bordure (bôme à rouleau) ou de son guindant (focs à rouleau).To overcome these drawbacks, it has been proposed to reduce the surface of the sail by gradually winding it around its edge (boom with roller) or its luff (jibs with roller).

Pour permettre l'enroulement d'un foc autour de son guindant, afin d'en modifier la surface, on utilise un appareiliage connu sous le nom »d'enrouleur de foc«.To allow the wrapping of a jib around its luff, in order to modify the surface, using a device known as the "jib furler".

Dans sa forme la plus simple et la plus ancienne, forme qui a été schématisée à la figure 1 annexée, l'enrouleur de foc comprend à sa base un tambour 1 assujetti au point d'armure 2 sur le pont par un émerillon E1 et au point de drisse 3 au sommet du mât. par un deuxième émerillon E2 entre lesquels le guindant 4 du foc 5 est étarqué. En exerçant une traction sur le câble 6 du tambour enrouleur 1, le foc 5 s'enroule progressivement autour de son guindant 4. Dans un dispositif plus perfectionné, le tambour 1 et l'émerillon E2 sont reliés par un étai tournant qui peut-être constitué par des segmens tubulaires placés bout à bout en entourant une âme étarquée entre le point d'armure et le point de drisse.In its simplest and oldest form, a form which has been shown diagrammatically in the attached FIG. 1, the jib furler comprises at its base a drum 1 secured to the armor point 2 on the deck by a swivel E1 and to the halyard stitch 3 at the top of the mast. by a second swivel E2 between which the luff 4 of the jib 5 is stretched. By exerting traction on the cable 6 of the winding drum 1, the jib 5 is gradually wound around its luff 4. In a more sophisticated device, the drum 1 and the swivel E2 are connected by a rotating forestay which may be constituted by tubular segments placed end to end by surrounding a narrow web between the point of armor and the point of halyard.

Dans des systèmes plus récents, l'étai tournant est muni d'une ou deux gorges, dans lesquelles le cordon de ralingue de la voile peut glisser. Ces gorges peuvent faire partie intégrante de l'étai tournant ou être apportées au moyen d'une gaine métallique ou plastique.In more recent systems, the rotating forestay is provided with one or two grooves, in which the headline cord of the sail can slide. These grooves can be an integral part of the rotating forestay or be made by means of a metal or plastic sheath.

Avec ces systèmes à gorges, le foc peut être facilement enlevé lors des périodes de non utilisation.With these grooved systems, the jib can be easily removed during periods of non-use.

Pour permettre de hisser le foc le long de l'étai tournant, tout en laissant à ce dernier la faculté d'être entraîné en rotation lorsque l'on désire modifier la surface de la voile par enroulement le long de son guindant solidarisé avec l'étai, diverses solutions sont actuellement utilisées.To make it possible to hoist the jib along the rotating forestay, while leaving the latter the faculty of being driven in rotation when it is desired to modify the surface of the sail by winding along its luff secured to the was, various solutions are currently used.

Dans une forme de réalisation, acceptable sur les petits bateaux, mais qui est mal adaptée aux efforts d'étarquage exigés pour établir les grands focs, on se contente d'utiliser une drisse passant sur une poulie disposée sous l'émerillon E2 au sommet de l'étai tournant, l'extrémité de la drisse étant, après avoir hissé le foc, solidarisée (frappée) avec le tambour enrouleur solidaire de l'étai tournant.In one embodiment, acceptable on small boats, but which is ill-suited to the pulling forces required to establish large jibs, we are content to use a halyard passing over a pulley disposed under the swivel E2 at the top of the rotating forestay, the end of the halyard being, after having hoisted the jib, secured (struck) with the reel drum secured to the rotating forestay.

Ceci est notamment la construction préconisée par le brevet US-A-3 980 036. Une telle construction ne procure pas entièrement satisfaction car il convient de prévoir, à l'extérieur ou à l'intérieur du mandrin, le passage et le guidage du brin de drisse courant le long de l'étai, afin de supprimer les claquements et de permettre un enroulement correct du foc. Il faut donc ménager une gorge spéciale dans le mandrin, ce qui complique et renchérit la construction tout en réduisant la résistance mécanique du mandrin. En outre, il faut retenir une drisse spéciale propre à cette fonction ainsi que des moyens individuels d'etarquage. Par ailleurs, il faut prévoir des moyens techniques d'étarquage à la base du mandrin, ces moyens devant permettre une rotation du mandrin sous tension de la drisse lorsqu'un enroulement ou désenroulement doit être effectué.This is in particular the construction recommended by patent US-A-3,980,036. Such a construction is not entirely satisfactory since it is necessary to provide, outside or inside the mandrel, for the passage and guiding of the strand. halyard running along the forestay, to eliminate snapping and to allow a correct winding of the jib. It is therefore necessary to provide a special groove in the mandrel, which complicates and increases the construction while reducing the mechanical resistance of the mandrel. In addition, it is necessary to retain a special halyard specific to this function as well as individual means of towing. Furthermore, technical means of stretching must be provided at the base of the mandrel, these means having to allow rotation of the mandrel under tension of the halyard when a winding or unwinding must be carried out.

Cependant, sur les gros bateaux et ainsi que cela est illustré schématiquement à la fig. 2, pour hisser le foc 5 on fait en général appel aux drisses 7 usuelles du bateau passant sur une poulie 8 en tête de mât, les drisses étant manoeuvrées au moyen d'un whinch 9 disposé au pied du mât.However, on large boats and as shown schematically in fig. 2, to hoist the jib 5, use is generally made of the usual halyards 7 of the boat passing over a pulley 8 at the head of the mast, the halyards being operated by means of a whinch 9 placed at the foot of the mast.

Par suite, dans ce système, la drisse 7 étant fixe, elle doit donc, pour ne pas s'enrouler autour de l'étai, être reliée au point de drisse du foc par un coulisseau à émerillon E3. Si ce mode de réalisation donne satisfaction, et permet d'assurer un bon étarquage de la voile tout en laissant la possibilité d'en réduire la surface par enroulement autour de son guindant, il nécessite l'utilisation de trois émerillons qui doivent présenter des caractéristiques mécaniques très élevées étant donné qu'ils doivent supporter la tension de l'étai avant, tension qui peut atteindre plusieurs tonnes ou au moins la tension du guindant qui, bien qu'étant plus faible, peut cependant atteindre plusieurs centaines de deca-Newtons (dN).Consequently, in this system, the halyard 7 being fixed, it must therefore, in order not to wrap around the forestay, be connected to the jib halyard point by a swivel slide E3. If this embodiment gives satisfaction, and makes it possible to ensure a good stretching of the sail while leaving the possibility of reducing the surface by winding around its luff, it requires the use of three swivels which must have characteristics very high mechanical since they have to withstand the tension of the forestay before, tension which can reach several tons or at least the tension of the luff which which, although being weaker, can however reach several hundreds of deca-Newtons ( dN).

Par suite, ces émerillons pour fonctionner correctement doivent être équipés de roulements à billes, dont l'étanchéité reste précaire sur l'étrave d'un navire exposée aux projections d'eau salée et qui, très souvent, se grippent et rendent l'enrouleur inutilisable.Consequently, these swivels to function correctly must be fitted with ball bearings, the tightness of which remains precarious on the bow of a ship exposed to salt water projections and which, very often, seize up and make the reel unusable.

En vue de résoudre le problème ci-dessus, une autre disposition technique a été préconisée par le brevet US-A-3938460. Selon cette disposition, il est prévu de monter sur le mandrin tournant, constitué d'éléments tubulaires bout à bout, un coulisseau d'attache du point de drisse du foc. Le coulisseau porte un verrou articulé destiné à coopérer avec une crémaillère d'arrêt prévue à la partie supérieure du mandrin. Le verrou est associé à un organe de déverrouillage qui est du type à rochet à deux dents dont le profil et l'écartement sont choisis en fonction du pas des encoches de la crémaillère. Un tel rochet a pour fonction, lors de la progression ascendante commandée du coulisseau, d'effacer à chaque fois le verrou pour chaque cran successif et, lors d'une course descendante, de provoquer l'effacement permanent du verrou. Un tel rochet possède une position de point mort pour laquelle le verrou coopère avec un des crans de la crémaillère et réalise ainsi une immobilisation du coulisseau dans la position correspondante sur le mandrin.In order to solve the above problem, another technical provision has been recommended by US-A-3938460. According to this arrangement, it is planned to mount on the rotary mandrel, consisting of tubular elements end to end, a slider for attaching the jib halyard point. The slider carries an articulated lock intended to cooperate with a stop rack provided at the upper part of the mandrel. The lock is associated with an unlocking member which is of the ratchet type with two teeth whose profile and spacing are chosen according to the pitch of the notches of the rack. The function of such a ratchet, during the controlled upward progression of the slide, is to erase the lock each time for each successive notch and, during a downward stroke, to cause the permanent erasure of the lock. Such a ratchet has a neutral position for which the lock cooperates with one of the notches of the rack and thus achieves an immobilization of the slide in the corresponding position on the mandrel.

Une telle disposition apparait séduisante car elle supprime apparemment les inconvénients des solutions connues et apporte une disposition de commande à distance pouvant être qualifiée de simple.Such an arrangement appears attractive because it apparently eliminates the drawbacks of known solutions and provides a remote control arrangement which can be described as simple.

En pratique, il en est toutefois autrement. En effet, le verrou, le rochet et la crémaillère représentent des organes dont la coopération mutuelle exige une grande précision d'exécution. Outre le prix de revient élevé, on conçoit que l'usure de fonctionnement détruit rapidement la précision initiale d'exécution. Or, il est connu que les manoeuvres de tels organes par temps moyens ou gros imposent une grande fatigue à de tels organes mécaniques et qu'il en résulte une usure rapidement responsable d'un fonctionnement défectueux. Par ailleurs, la recherche de la position point mort du rochet exige une dextérité certaine ne pouvant s'appuyer sur aucune perception tactile véritable étant donné les conditions générales de manoeuvre sur un bateau et aussi la distance relativement grande séparant le poste de manoeuvre du point haut du mandrin. Il en résulte, fréquemment, des manoeuvres répétées et fatiguantes d'établissement d'un foc.In practice, however, it is otherwise. Indeed, the bolt, the ratchet and the rack represent bodies whose mutual cooperation requires great precision in execution. In addition to the high cost price, it can be understood that operating wear quickly destroys the initial precision of execution. However, it is known that the maneuvers of such members in medium or heavy weather impose great fatigue on such mechanical members and that this results in wear quickly responsible for faulty operation. Furthermore, the search for the neutral position of the ratchet requires a certain dexterity which cannot be based on any real tactile perception given the general conditions of maneuver on a boat and also the relatively great distance separating the maneuvering station from the high point. of the mandrel. This frequently results in repeated and tiring maneuvers to set up a jib.

Exposé de l'inventionStatement of the invention

L'objet de la présente invention est justement un dispositif simple, robuste et fiable, permettant la mise en place, le maintien, l'enroulement d'une voile, notamment d'un foc, le long de son guindant, afin d'en modifier la surface, dispositif qui surmonte les inconvénients des dispositifs antérieurs et permet notamment d'éliminer l'emploi de roulements à billes délicats et coûteux, tout en laissant la possibilité d'utiliser les drisses normales du bateau pour hisser et amener la voile associée audit dispositif.The object of the present invention is precisely a simple, robust and reliable device, allowing the installation, the maintenance, the winding of a sail, in particular of a jib, along its luff, in order to modify the surface, a device which overcomes the drawbacks of previous devices and in particular eliminates the use of delicate and expensive ball bearings, while leaving the possibility of using the normal halyards of the boat to hoist and set the sail associated with said device.

D'une manière générale, le dispositif selon l'invention, pour la mise en place, le maintien et l'enroulement d'une voile de bateau, dispositif qui, dans la suite de la description sera également désigné par l'expression »enrouleur de foc«, est du type selon lequel la voile est assujettie à un mandrin tubulaire constitué par des segments tubulaires bout à bout et susceptible de tourner autour de l'étai fixe, le mandrin portant un coulisseau d'attache de voile capable d'être immobilisé en tête du mandrin par un verrou. Le mandrin comporte au moins une gorge dans laquelle le cordon de ralingue de la voile peut coulisser, ledit mandrin tournant étant associé à des moyens permettant de l'entraîner en rotation, tels qu'un tambour enrouleur, de façon à provoquer la réduction de la surface de la voile par enroulement sur la périphérie du mandrin.In general, the device according to the invention, for setting up, maintaining and winding a sail, a device which, in the following description will also be designated by the expression "furling jib ", is of the type according to which the sail is subject to a tubular mandrel constituted by tubular segments end to end and capable of turning around the fixed stay, the mandrel carrying a sail attachment slide capable of being immobilized at the head of the mandrel by a lock. The mandrel has at least one groove in which the headline cord of the sail can slide, said rotating mandrel being associated with means making it possible to drive it in rotation, such as a winding drum, so as to cause the reduction of the surface of the sail by winding around the periphery of the mandrel.

Le dispositif selon l'invention se caractérise par le fait que le mandrin:

  • - est constitué par des segments tubulaires bout à bout qui sont emboîtés entre eux par manchon interne et qui définissent trois gorges extérieures comprises dans un angle au centre inférieur à 120° ,
  • - supporte en tête un verrou mobile escamotable à position normalement fermée,
  • - porte et guide un coulisseau associé à:
    • des moyens de liaison avec la voile et de liaison temporaire avec une drisse de mât,
    • des moyens statiques d'enclenchement avec le verrou,
    • des moyens d'ouverture du verrou escamotable.
The device according to the invention is characterized in that the mandrel:
  • - is made up of end-to-end tubular segments which are fitted together by an internal sleeve and which define three external grooves included in an angle at the center of less than 120 °,
  • - supports at the head a retractable mobile lock in a normally closed position,
  • - carries and guides a slide associated with:
    • connecting means with the sail and temporary connection with a mast halyard,
    • static means for engaging with the lock,
    • means for opening the retractable lock.

Dans un mode préférentiel de mise en oeuvre, le dispositif selon l'invention se caractérise par le fait que l'élément tubulaire comporte trois gorges parallèles, s'étendant sur toute sa longueur, sensiblement selon les génératrices, l'angle au sommet du secteur occupé par les trois gorges étant inférieur à environ cent vingt (120°) degrés, et les bords extérieurs desdites gorges servant d'élément de guidage et de maintien à un second coulisseau dit »coulisseau déclencheur« comportant des moyens aptes à provoquer l'ouverture du verrou escamotabie et, par suite, la libération du coulisseau porteur, ce second coulisseau entourant partiellement l'élément tubulaire de manière à laisser les gorges qu'il comporte apparentes et dégagées et étant disposé en-dessous du coulisseau porteur et pouvant être déplacé indépendamment de ce dernier le long de l'élément tubulaire.In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the tubular element comprises three parallel grooves, extending over its entire length, substantially along the generatrices, the angle at the top of the sector occupied by the three grooves being less than about one hundred and twenty (120 °) degrees, and the outer edges of said grooves serving as a guiding and holding element for a second slide called "trigger slide" comprising means capable of causing opening of the retractable latch and, consequently, the release of the carrier slide, this second slide partially surrounding the tubular element so as to leave the grooves that it comprises visible and unobstructed and being arranged below the support slide and capable of being moved independently of the latter along the tubular element.

De préférence, l'élément tubulaire conforme à l'invention est constitué par l'emmanchement d'éléments de courte longueur, autour de l'étai existant, la rotation de ces éléments autour de l'étai étant assurée avantageusement par des coussinets.Preferably, the tubular element according to the invention is constituted by the fitting of elements of short length, around the existing forestay, the rotation of these elements around the forestay being advantageously ensured by bearings.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, notamment pour obtenier une bonne rigidité et un alignement parfait entre les gorges, l'assemblage des éléments tubulaires de courte longueur est obtenu par emmanchemant, chaque élément comportant, à l'une de ses extrémités, un manchon fendu, qui s'insère par enfoncement dans l'élément précédent, une nervure en relief étant prévue sur une génératrice intérieure de chaque élément, de manière à servir de guide aux manchons fendus.In this embodiment, in particular to obtain good rigidity and perfect alignment between the grooves, the assembly of the short tubular elements is obtained by fitting, each element comprising, at one of its ends, a split sleeve, which is inserted by pressing into the preceding element, a rib in relief being provided on an internal generatrix of each element, so as to serve guide to split sleeves.

Pour la commodité d'assemblage, les manchons fendus sont de préférence solidarisés à l'extrémité de chaque élément tubulaire, par exemple par collage ou tout autre moyen équivalent.For convenience of assembly, the split sleeves are preferably secured at the end of each tubular element, for example by gluing or any other equivalent means.

De plus, il est possible d'améliorer encore la rigidité de l'ensemble en insérant, entre deux éléments consécutifs, dans la gorge centrale, un verrou (pige) cylindrique, emmanché en force dans ladite gorge.In addition, it is possible to further improve the rigidity of the assembly by inserting, between two consecutive elements, in the central groove, a cylindrical lock (pin), force fitted into said groove.

Par ailleurs, dans une variante, l'élément tubulaire peut être associé à des moyens permettant, lorsque l'on réduit la surface de la voile en l'entourant autour de la périphérie du mandrin, de compenser les surépaisseurs que peut présenter ladite voile (renfort des points de drisse et d'amure) de manière à obtenir constamment, par enroulement, une surface résiduelle rigoureusement plane. Ces moyens peuvent par exemple être constitués par un jonc, assujetti à la rainure centrale, en dehors de la (ou les) zone où la voile présente des surépaisseurs.Furthermore, in a variant, the tubular element may be associated with means making it possible, when the surface of the sail is reduced by surrounding it around the periphery of the mandrel, to compensate for the excess thicknesses that said sail can have ( reinforcement of halyard and tack points) so as to constantly obtain, by winding, a strictly flat residual surface. These means may for example be constituted by a rod, subject to the central groove, outside the (or the) zone where the sail has extra thicknesses.

L'invention et les avantages qu'elle apporte, seront cependant mieux compris grâce à l'exemple de réalisation donné ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, et qui est illustré par les schémas annexés.The invention and the advantages which it brings, will however be better understood thanks to the embodiment given below, by way of indication but not limitation, and which is illustrated by the attached diagrams.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Les fig. 1 et 2 illustrent schématiquement l'état de la technique examiné précédemment.Figs. 1 and 2 schematically illustrate the state of the art examined previously.

Les fig. 3 et 4 sont des vues générales montrant un dispositif conforme à l'invention, d'une part, lors de la mise en place de la voile (fig. 3) et, d'autre part, après cette mise en place (fig. 4).Figs. 3 and 4 are general views showing a device in accordance with the invention, on the one hand, during the fitting of the sail (fig. 3) and, on the other hand, after this fitting (fig. 4).

La fig. 5 est une vue partielle, en coupe, montrant plus particulièrement la manière dont l'un des éléments de l'invention est monté sur un étai fixe.Fig. 5 is a partial view, in section, showing more particularly the manner in which one of the elements of the invention is mounted on a fixed stay.

Les fig. 6 et 11 sont des vues montrant un mode de réalisation d'un élément tubulaire formant mandrin tournant conforme à l'invention.Figs. 6 and 11 are views showing an embodiment of a tubular element forming a rotating mandrel according to the invention.

La fig. 12 est une perspective de l'un des éléments constitutifs de l'invention.Fig. 12 is a perspective of one of the constituent elements of the invention.

La fig. 13 est une vue en plan partie en coupe montrant l'élément selon la fig. 12.Fig. 13 is a plan view partly in section showing the element according to FIG. 12.

La fig. 14 est une perspective illustrant un autre élément constitutif de l'objet de l'invention. La fig. 15 est une coupe-élévation partielle de l'élément selon la fig. 14.Fig. 14 is a perspective illustrating another constituent element of the subject of the invention. Fig. 15 is a partial sectional elevation of the element according to FIG. 14.

La fig. 16 est une coupe montrant un organe de l'objet de l'invention.Fig. 16 is a section showing an organ of the object of the invention.

La fig. 17 est une coupe-élévation montrant l'objet de l'invention dans un état particulier de fonctionnement.Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation showing the object of the invention in a particular state of operation.

Les fig. 18 et 19 sont des coupes partielles représentant deux phases particulières d'un état de fonctionnement de certains des organes de l'objet de l'invention.Figs. 18 and 19 are partial sections representing two particular phases of an operating state of some of the organs of the object of the invention.

La fig. 20 est une vue schématique montrant une caractéristique d'utilisation de l'invention.Fig. 20 is a schematic view showing a feature of use of the invention.

La fig. 21 est une élévation d'un développement de l'invention.Fig. 21 is an elevation of a development of the invention.

La fig. 22 est une perspective montrant plus en détaille développement selon la fig. 21.Fig. 22 is a perspective showing in more detail development according to FIG. 21.

Les fig. 23 et 24 sont des coupes transversales montrant la mise en oeuvre du développement selon la fig. 21.Figs. 23 and 24 are cross sections showing the implementation of the development according to FIG. 21.

Meilleure manière de réaliser l'inventionBest way to realize the invention

Ainsi que cela est illustré, notamment par les fig. 3 et 4, le dispositif selon l'invention, pour la mise en place, le maintien et l'enroulement d'une voile, est du type selon lequel la voile 10 est assujettie au point d'amure 11 sur le pont et au point de drisse 12 au sommet du mât 13 par l'intermédiaire d'un mandrin tournant présentant au moins une gorge, dans laquelle le cordon de ralinque de la voile 10 peut coulisser.As illustrated, in particular by FIGS. 3 and 4, the device according to the invention, for setting up, maintaining and winding a sail, is of the type according to which the sail 10 is subject to the tack 11 on the deck and to the point halyard 12 at the top of the mast 13 by means of a rotating mandrel having at least one groove in which the ralinque cord of the sail 10 can slide.

Ce mandrin tournant est associé à des moyens permettant de l'entraîner en rotation, tels qu'un tambour enrouleur 14 en soi connu, afin de provoquer l'enroulement de la voile 10 autour de la périphérie du mandrin tournant.This rotary mandrel is associated with means making it possible to drive it in rotation, such as a winding drum 14 per se known, in order to cause the winding 10 to wind around the periphery of the rotary mandrel.

Le mandrin tournant est constitué par un élément tubulaire 15, rigide, monté libre en rotation autour d'un étai co-axial fixe reliant le point d'amure 11 sur le pont au point de drisse 12 au sommet du mât. Cet élément tubulaire 15 repose par sa partie inférieure sur une butée solidaire de l'étai fixe 16. Ainsi que cela est montré plus en détail à la fig. 5, l'élément tubulaire 15 est monté autour de l'étai fixe co-axial 16 et la butée solidaire de cet étai fixe 16 est constituée, dans co mode de réalisation, par un palier 17, réalisé par exemple en acier inoxydable, solidaire de la chape du ridoir 18 et qui supporte un coussinet 19, par exemple en polyamide, dont le diamètre correspond au diamètre interne de l'élément tubulaire 15. Par ailleurs, ainsi qu'on peut le voir sur cette fig. 5, le tambour 14 permettant d'entraîner en rotation l'élément tubulaire 15 est constitué par deux flasques 20 et 21 crantés, dont dont l'un 20 est porté par l'extrémité tubulaire 15 et dont l'autre est fixé sur le premier. L'entraînement en rotation du tambour 14 est de préférence assuré par un va-et-vient de cordage 42 (fig. 6) maintenu en tension grâce à une poulie de renvoi 43 et à un tendeur élastique 44 solidaire du pont. Un tel mode de réalisation permet de réduire le volume du mécasisme d'entraînement.The rotary mandrel is constituted by a tubular element 15, rigid, mounted to rotate freely around a fixed co-axial stay connecting the tack 11 on the bridge to the halyard point 12 at the top of the mast. This tubular element 15 rests by its lower part on a stop integral with the fixed stay 16. As shown in more detail in FIG. 5, the tubular element 15 is mounted around the fixed co-axial stay 16 and the stop secured to this fixed stay 16 is constituted, in co embodiment, by a bearing 17, made for example of stainless steel, secured of the yoke of the turnbuckle 18 and which supports a bearing 19, for example made of polyamide, the diameter of which corresponds to the internal diameter of the tubular element 15. Furthermore, as can be seen in this FIG. 5, the drum 14 for rotating the tubular element 15 is constituted by two notched flanges 20 and 21, one of which 20 is carried by the tubular end 15 and the other of which is fixed to the first . The rotation drive of the drum 14 is preferably ensured by a reciprocating rope 42 (Fig. 6) maintained in tension by a return pulley 43 and an elastic tensioner 44 secured to the bridge. Such an embodiment makes it possible to reduce the volume of the training mechanism.

La partie supérieure de l'élément tubulaire 15 présente un verrou escamotable 22, normalement en position fermée et constitué essentiellement par un crochet 23 soumis à l'action d'un organe de rappel.The upper part of the tubular element 15 has a retractable lock 22, normally in the closed position and essentially constituted by a hook 23 subjected to the action of a return member.

L'élément tubulaire 15 sert de support et d'élément de guidage à un coulisseau porteur 24, comportant:

  • - des moyens de liaison avec le sommet de la voile 10,
  • - des moyens d'enclenchement avec le verrou escamotable 22,
  • - des moyens de liaison temporaire avec l'extrémité des drisses passant par le sommet du mât.
The tubular element 15 serves as a support and a guiding element for a carrier slide 24, comprising:
  • means of connection with the top of the sail 10,
  • - engagement means with the retractable lock 22,
  • - temporary connection means with the end of the halyards passing through the top of the mast.

L'élément tubulaire 15 est associé à des moyens d'ouverture du verrou escamotable 22, ces moyens pouvant être constitués par un simple cordon de rappel. En pratique, ils sont formés par un second coulisseau 33 entourant partiellement l'élément tubulaire 15 de manière à laisser libres les gorges qu'il présente, ledit coulisseau 33 étant disposé au-dessous du coulisseau porteur 24 et présentant des moyens aptes à provoquer l'ouverture du verrou escamotable 22.The tubular element 15 is associated with means for opening the retractable lock 22, these means being able to be constituted by a simple return cord. In practice, they are formed by a second slide 33 partially surrounding the tubular element 15 so as to leave free the grooves that it has, said slide 33 being arranged below the carrier slide 24 and having means capable of causing the opening of the retractable lock 22.

Ainsi que cela est représenté plus en détail aux fig. 7 et 11, dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, l'élément tubulaire 15 est réalise à partir d'ensemble de courte longueur 15a et 15b, emmanchés les uns dans les autres, autour d'un étai fixe 16. La liaison de ces éléments les uns aux autres est obtenue au moyen de tubes fendus 34, servant de manchons d'assemblage entre les divers éléments 15a - 15b, ces éléments comportant une nervure 35 dont la largeur correspond à la largeur de la fente 36 des manchons 34. Un tel mode de réalisation permet d'avoir un alignement parfait des gorges 37, 38 et 39 que présente l'élément tubulaire 15.As shown in more detail in Figs. 7 and 11, in a preferred embodiment, the tubular element 15 is produced from a short assembly 15a and 15b, fitted one inside the other, around a fixed stay 16. The connection of these elements to each other is obtained by means of split tubes 34, serving as assembly sleeves between the various elements 15a - 15b, these elements comprising a rib 35 whose width corresponds to the width of the slot 36 of the sleeves 34. Such a embodiment allows perfect alignment of the grooves 37, 38 and 39 that the tubular element 15 presents.

Le rotation de l'élément tubulaire 15 autour de l'étai fixe 16 est assurée par l'intermédiaire de coussinets 40, par exemple à base de polyamide, tels que celui commercialisé sous la marque Rilsan (polyamide 11), ces coussinets étant insensibles à l'action de l'eau de mer. L'utilisation de tels coussinets est rendue possible grâce à l'invention, par le fait que l'élément tubulaire 15 ne supporte pas la tension de l'étai avant conserve à l'intérieur dudit élément tubulaire 15. Par suite, les coussinets 40 n'ont pratiquement aucune charge à supporter, le coussinet inférieur 19 supportant uniquement le poids du tube et celui de la voile (de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de kgs).The rotation of the tubular element 15 around the fixed stay 16 is ensured by means of pads 40, for example based on polyamide, such as that sold under the brand Rilsan (polyamide 11), these pads being insensitive to the action of sea water. The use of such bearings is made possible by the invention, by the fact that the tubular element 15 does not support the tension of the forestay before it is stored inside said tubular element 15. Consequently, the bearings 40 have practically no load to bear, the lower bearing 19 supporting only the weight of the tube and that of the sail (of the order of a few tens of kgs).

Ces coussinets 40 sont avantageusement réalisés en deux parties symétriques 40a-40b (fig. 10) et délimitent une rainure 41 correspondant à la vervure 35 du tube, ce qui permet de rendre ces éléments solidaires en rotation. Le montage de ces coussinets s'effectue en les plaçant de part et d'autre de l'étai 16 et en les repoussant à l'intérieur de chaque élément 15a-15b, notamment par le manchon fendu 34.These pads 40 are advantageously made in two symmetrical parts 40a-40b (fig. 10) and delimit a groove 41 corresponding to the rib 35 of the tube, which makes it possible to make these elements integral in rotation. These pads are assembled by placing them on either side of the forestay 16 and pushing them back inside each element 15a-15b, in particular by the split sleeve 34.

Un tel mode de réalisation permet d'obtenir un élément tubulaire présentant un diamètre suffisant et possédant un moment d'inertie élevé pour résister au vrillage lorsqu'il est soumis au couple de torsion appliqué à sa base par le tambour enrouleur 14.Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain a tubular element having a sufficient diameter and having a high moment of inertia to resist twisting when it is subjected to the torsional torque applied to its base by the winding drum 14.

Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser grâce à ce montage, un élément tubulaire de section cylindrique creuse, à parois minces, de quarante (40) millimètres de diamètre, à partir d'un alliage léger, pesant sept cent cinquante (750) grammes par mètre et supportant sans déformation permanente un couple de torsion de 29 da Nm. Par ailleurs, la réalisation de l'élément tubulaire 15 à partir d'éléments de courte longueur, portant sur une génératrice intérieure une nervure 35, assure un guidage précis des manchons fendus 34 et garantit la transmission du couple de torsion d'un élément à l'autre sans aucun jeu, tout en assurant la liberté de translation longitudinale requise pour un démontage éventuel des éléments.Thus, it is possible to produce, thanks to this assembly, a tubular element of hollow cylindrical section, with thin walls, of forty (40) millimeters in diameter, from a light alloy, weighing seven hundred and fifty (750) grams per meter and supporting without permanent deformation a torsional torque of 29 da Nm. Furthermore, the production of the tubular element 15 from elements of short length, bearing on an internal generator a rib 35, ensures precise guidance of the sleeves slotted 34 and guarantees the transmission of the torque from one element to another without any play, while ensuring the freedom of longitudinal translation required for possible disassembly of the elements.

Enfin, l'élément tubulaire 15 présente sur sa face externe trois gorges alignées côte à côte, 37, 38, 39. Ces gorges s'étendent sur toute la longueur et l'angle au sommet du secteur qu'elles occupent est de préférence inférieur à cent vingt (120°) degrés. Ces gorges, de manière connue, servent pour deux d'entre elles (37 et 39) au maintien du cordon de ralingue de la voile 10, la troisième (gorge centrale 38) étant une gorge de service utilisée, soit pour y faire introduire ou y faire circuler des accessoires (crayons d'assemblage et chargeurs oscillants), soit pour disposer, lorsque l'élément tubulaire 15 est réalisé à partir d'éléments de courte longueur, des tiges de jonction renforçant la liaison entre ces divers éléments.Finally, the tubular element 15 has on its external face three grooves aligned side by side, 37, 38, 39. These grooves extend over the entire length and the angle at the top of the sector which they occupy is preferably less at one hundred and twenty (120 °) degrees. These grooves, in known manner, are used for two of them (37 and 39) to maintain the headline cord of the sail 10, the third (central groove 38) being a service groove used, either for introducing or circulate accessories there (assembly rods and oscillating chargers), or to have, when the tubular element 15 is produced from elements of short length, connecting rods reinforcing the connection between these various elements.

Le coulisseau porteur 24, représenté à plus grande échelle aux fig. 12 et 13, est conformé pour envelopper l'élément tubulaire 15 sur lequel il est calé angulairement par les bords extérieurs des gorges 37 et 39. Le guidage du coulisseau 24 et son glissement libre sur l'élément tubulaire est assuré par une ou des garnitures ou coussinet 24a rapportés intérieurement et par exemple réalisés en une matière connue sous la marque de Rilsan ou Teflon. Comme dit précédemment le coulisseau porteur 24 comporte des moyens de liaison avec la voile, ces moyens étant constitués par un oeil allongé 25 s'étendant axialement à la périphérie extérieure du coulisseau 24. Les moyens d'enclenchement avec le verrou escamotable sont constitués par une gâche ou un mentonnet 27 surplombant une gâchette 26 comprenant une tête 26a et une queue 26b qui est libre de coulisser dans un alésage présenté par un bossage 26c s'étendant axialement à la périphérie extérieure du coulisseau 24 de façon opposée à l'oeil 25. La queue 26b fait normalement saillie à partir du bord périphérique inférieur du coulisseau 24. Les moyens de liaison temporaire avec l'extrémité d'une drisse sont de préférence constitués par le même oeil 25 mais il pourrait ètre prévu de faire comporter au coulisseau 24 un oeil propre à cette fonction.The carrying slide 24, shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 12 and 13, is shaped to wrap the tubular element 15 on which it is wedged angularly by the outer edges of the grooves 37 and 39. The guide of the slide 24 and its free sliding on the tubular element is ensured by one or more fittings or pad 24a attached internally and for example made of a material known under the brand of Rilsan or Teflon. As said previously, the carrying slide 24 comprises means for connecting with the sail, these means being constituted by an elongated eye 25 extending axially at the outer periphery of the slide 24. The means for engaging with the retractable latch are constituted by a keeper or a spigot 27 overhanging a trigger 26 comprising a head 26a and a tail 26b which is free to slide in a bore presented by a boss 26c extending axially at the external periphery of the slide 24 opposite to the eye 25. The tail 26b normally projects from the lower peripheral edge of the slider 24. The means of temporary connection with the end of a halyard are preferably formed by the same eye 25 but it could be provided to make the slider 24 have a proper eye for this function.

Le coulisseau 33, dénommé dans ce qui suit coulisseau déclencheur, est constitué, comme cela apparait aux fig. 14 et 15 par une enveloppe ouverte axialement de manière à pouvoir être enfilée sur l'élément tubulaire 15 tout en dégageant les gorges 37 à 39. L'ouverture axiale de l'enveloppe est choisie pour que les Dords coopèrent avec les ailes des gorges extremes 37 et 39 qui en assurent ainsi l'immobilisation angulaire. Le coulisseau déclencheur 33 comporte à l'opposé de son ouverture axiale un logement cylindrique 33a dans lequel est logé un ressort 33b maintenu comprimé entre un arrêt 33c et une tête 33d. Le coulisseau 33 comporte également à partir de sa périphérie extérieure, un oeil 45 s'étendant axialement en étant situé dans l'un des secteurs compris entre le bossage du logement cylindrique 33a et l'ouverture axiale. Comme pour le coulisseau 24, il est prévu de munir la périphérie interne ouverte du coulisseau déclencheur 33 de bagues ou coussinets 46.The slide 33, called in the following trigger slide, is formed, as appears in Figs. 14 and 15 by an axially open casing so that it can be threaded on the tubular element 15 while clearing the grooves 37 to 39. The axial opening of the envelope is chosen so that the D ords cooperate with the wings of the extreme grooves 37 and 39 which thus ensure angular immobilization. The trigger slide 33 comprises, opposite its axial opening, a cylindrical housing 33a in which is housed a spring 33b kept compressed between a stop 33c and a head 33d. The slide 33 also comprises, from its outer periphery, an eye 45 extending axially while being located in one of the sectors included between the boss of the cylindrical housing 33a and the axial opening. As with the slide 24, provision is made to provide the open internal periphery of the trigger slide 33 with rings or bearings 46.

La mise en place, le maintien ou l'enroulement éventuel de la voile autour de l'élément tubulaire 15 formant mandrin tournant sont rélisés de la manière suivante.The establishment, the maintenance or the possible winding of the sail around the tubular element 15 forming a rotating mandrel are carried out in the following manner.

Le point d'amure de la voile, dans le cas présent du foc, est nécessairement appliqué sur un oeil 14a de la poulie d'enroulement 14, son point de drisse étant frappé (assujetti) sur l'oeil 25 du coulisseau porteur 24 guidé sur le tube 15.The tack of the sail, in the present case of the jib, is necessarily applied to one eye 14a of the winding pulley 14, its halyard point being struck (secured) on the eye 25 of the guide slide 24 guided on tube 15.

Pour hisser le foc, on utilise une drisse 29 passant autour d'une poulie 30 placée en tête de mat et aboutissant à un treuil ou winch d'enroulement 31 (fig. 3). La liaison entre le coulisseau 24 et la drisse 29 est établie par l'intermédiaire d'un crochet 28 prévu en bout de cette dernière et se présentant, comme illustré par la fig. 16, sous une forme ouverte, fermée par un portillon 47, par exemple à base d'élastomère, suffisamment raide pour que ledit crochet ne puisse pas se décrocher sous l'influence de son poids mais puisse être dégagé par une traction exercée sur un cordon de rappel 48 frappé en pied du mât. En agissant sur le treuil 31, on hisse le coulisseau 24 le long de l'élément tubulaire 15 et ainsi on élève le foc. En fin d'opération, le mentonnet 27 du coulisseau 24 vient s'enclencher, au sommet de l'élément tubulaire 15, sous le verrou escamotable 22, et plus particulièrement sous le crochet 23 maintenu normalement en position fermée par exemple par un ressort 70. L'enclenchement (fig. 17) étant opéré, la tension de la drisse 29 peut être relâchée puisque grâce au crochet 23 la tension d'étarquage du guindant est alors supportée par l'élément tubulaire 15 (fig. 4). Une traction sur le cordon 48 de rappel dégage le crochet ouvert 28 du coulisseau et permet de ramener la drisse au pied du mât. Complètement séparée de l'élément tubulaire supportant la voile, la drisse 29 se trouve donc disponible pour un autre usage.To hoist the jib, a halyard 29 is used which passes around a pulley 30 placed at the head of the mast and terminates in a winch or winding winch 31 (fig. 3). The connection between the slider 24 and the halyard 29 is established by means of a hook 28 provided at the end of the latter and having, as illustrated in FIG. 16, in an open form, closed by a gate 47, for example based on elastomer, sufficiently stiff so that said hook cannot be detached under the influence of its weight but can be released by a traction exerted on a cord callback 48 struck at the foot of the mast. By acting on the winch 31, the slide 24 is hoisted along the tubular element 15 and thus the jib is raised. At the end of the operation, the flange 27 of the slide 24 engages, at the top of the tubular element 15, under the retractable latch 22, and more particularly under the hook 23 normally held in the closed position, for example by a spring 70 The engagement (fig. 17) being operated, the tension of the halyard 29 can be released since, thanks to the hook 23, the tension of tensioning of the luff is then supported by the tubular element 15 (fig. 4). A pull on the return cord 48 releases the open hook 28 from the slide and allows the halyard to be brought back to the foot of the mast. Completely separated from the tubular element supporting the sail, the halyard 29 is therefore available for another use.

Pour ramener le foc, la drisse 29 est cette fois frappée par son crochet 28 sur l'oeil 45 du coulisseau déclencheur 33 stocké à la base de l'élément tubulaire 15.To bring the jib back, the halyard 29 is this time struck by its hook 28 on the eye 45 of the trigger slide 33 stored at the base of the tubular element 15.

Par l'intermédiaire de la drisse 29, on hisse le coulisseau déclencheur 33 le long de l'élément tubulaire 15 jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne au contact du coulisseau porteur 24 (fig. 17). Dans cette position la tête 33d heurte la queue 26c qui repousse la tête dans le logement 33a en ayant pour résultat de comprimer le ressort 33b. Lorsque le contact est établi entre les bords en regard des coulisseaux superposés, un effort supplémentaire sur la drisse soulage le coulisseau 24 et libère donc la tête du crochet 23 de la tension du guindant, ce qui permet à la gâchette 26, poussée vers le haut par l'action du ressort 33b sur la tige 26 b, de pénétrer sous le crochet 23, de le faire pivoter, puis de libérer le mentonnet 27 du coulisseau 24, qui amorce aussitôt sa descente, dès que l'on relâche complètement la drisse 29.Via the halyard 29, the trigger slider 33 is hoisted along the tubular element 15 until it comes into contact with the carrying slider 24 (fig. 17). In this position the head 33d strikes the tail 26c which pushes the head back into the housing 33a, with the result of compressing the spring 33b. When contact is established between the facing edges of the superimposed sliders, an additional force on the halyard relieves the slider 24 and therefore frees the head of the hook 23 from the tension of the luff, which allows the trigger 26, pushed upwards by the action of the spring 33b on the rod 26 b, to penetrate under the hook 23, to rotate it, then to release the chin 27 of the slide 24, which immediately begins its descent, as soon as the halyard is released completely 29.

Ainsi que cela est montré plus en détail aux fig. 18 et 19, l'ouverture du crochet 23 s'opère en fait très rapidement, dès que la composante FR2 de la force de compression F du ressort 33b devient égale à la somme Fr+Ff des forces de compression dues au ressort 70 du crochet 23 (Fr) et de frottement (Ff). Comme la force de frottement en mouvement est très inférieure à Ff, l'ouverture amorcée s'accélère jusqu'à libération complète à un instant où la traction de la drisse est encore inférieure à la traction du guindant supportée jusqu'ici par le crochet 23.As shown in more detail in Figs. 18 and 19, the hook 23 opens in fact very quickly, as soon as the component FR 2 of the compression force F of the spring 33b becomes equal to the sum Fr + Ff of the compression forces due to the spring 70 of the hook 23 (Fr) and friction (Ff). As the friction force in motion is much less than Ff, the primed opening is accelerated until complete release at a time when the traction of the halyard is still less than the traction of the luff supported up to now by the hook 23 .

Il s'ensuit qu'à l'instant même où le crochet 23 s'échappe du mentonnet 27, la drisse 29 se trouve sollicitée vers le bas par une force accrue due à la totalité de la tension du guindant. Elle s'allonge donc en amorçant la descente du coulisseau 24, condition idéale d'un déclenchement franc et irréversible.It follows that at the very moment when the hook 23 escapes from the chin 27, the halyard 29 is biased downward by an increased force due to the total tension of the luff. It therefore lengthens by initiating the descent of the slide 24, ideal condition for a frank and irreversible trigger.

Par ailleurs, le dispositif selon l'invention peut être facilement adapté pour obtenir une bonne planéité de la voile lorsqu'elle est partiellement enroulée autour de l'élément tubulaire 15 et ce, malgré les surépaisseurs qu'elle peut présenter notamment à ses extrémités.Furthermore, the device according to the invention can be easily adapted to obtain good flatness of the sail when it is partially wound around the tubular element 15, despite the extra thicknesses which it can have in particular at its ends.

En effet, il est d'usage de renforcer les points d'amure et de drisse au moyen de plusieurs couches de toile superposées 71 - 72 (fig. 20). Le nombre de ces couches atteint souvent cinq à sept. Si l'on admet que l'épaisseur du tissu est d'environ 0,5 millimètre, cela signifie que la zone renforcée peut avoir une épaisseur de 3 millimètres.Indeed, it is customary to reinforce the tack and halyard points by means of several superimposed layers of fabric 71 - 72 (fig. 20). The number of these layers often reaches five to seven. If it is assumed that the thickness of the fabric is approximately 0.5 millimeters, this means that the reinforced zone can have a thickness of 3 millimeters.

Si on utilise un élément tubulaire 15 dont le périmètre est de p = 140 mm, le deuxième tour enroulé sur le premier aura un diamètre augmenté de 2 x 3 mm et un périmètre de 140 mm + (π x 6) s 140 + 18 mm et ainsi de suite.If a tubular element 15 whose perimeter is p = 140 mm is used, the second turn wound on the first will have an increased diameter of 2 x 3 mm and a perimeter of 140 mm + (π x 6) s 140 + 18 mm And so on.

Si l'on admet que la zone renforcée est complètement enroulée sur 5 tours, tel que cela est représenté à la fig. 20, la longueur enroulée après ces cinq tours sur la zone des renforts sera de:

Figure imgb0001
If it is assumed that the reinforced zone is completely wound over 5 turns, as shown in fig. 20, the length wound after these five turns on the reinforcement area will be:
Figure imgb0001

Par contre, hors de la zone des renforts, la longueur de tissu enroulée par ces cinq tours sera respectivement:

Figure imgb0002
On the other hand, outside the reinforcement area, the length of fabric wound by these five turns will be respectively:
Figure imgb0002

La zone centrale de la voile en dehors des renforts accusera donc un retard d'enroulement de 880 - 730 = 150 mm. Ce retard est générateur de plis et d'un creusement excessif de la voile.The central area of the sail outside the reinforcements will therefore have a winding delay of 880 - 730 = 150 mm. This delay generates folds and excessive digging of the sail.

Le remède à ce défaut consiste à augmenter par un artifice le périmètre d'enroulement dans la zone BC comprise entre les renforts (fig. 20, 21).The remedy for this defect consists in increasing the winding perimeter in the area BC between the reinforcements by an artifice (fig. 20, 21).

Dans l'exemple précédent, une augmentation uniforme de 30 mm du périmètre du mandrin 15 dans la zone BC compensait exactement le retard dû aux renforts d'extémité des zones AB et CD.In the previous example, a uniform increase of 30 mm in the perimeter of the mandrel 15 in the area BC exactly compensated for the delay due to the end reinforcements in the areas AB and CD.

Outre que la rélisation d'un élément tubulaire enrouleur à sections progressives pose des problèmes techniques, elle n'est pas à conseiller, car la forme du mandrin 15 devrait être adaptée à chaque voile particulière, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la longueur BC qu'en ce qui concerne la surépaisseur de cette zone renforcée.Besides that the realization of a tubular winding element with progressive sections poses technical problems, it is not advisable, because the shape of the mandrel 15 should be adapted to each particular veil, as well as regards the length BC that 'with regard to the extra thickness of this reinforced zone.

L'élément tubulaire conforme à l'invention apporte au contraire une solution universelle à ce problème. Il consiste à créer un tube mandrin enrouleur à profil constant en formant l'augmentation du périmètre souhaitée par application le long d'une génératrice du mandrin 15, d'un élément rapporté, tel qu'un jonc 80, en matière plastique ou similaire. Pour cela, on peut utiliser un élément tel que représenté aux fig. 22 à 24, constitué par un jonc 80 en alliage léger ou matière plastique comportant un tenon 81 pouvant être inséré dans la gorge centrale 38 de l'élément tubulaire 15. La solidarisation du jonc 80 avec l'élément tubulaire 15 peut être réalisée par collage, rivetage ou tout autre moyen équivalent. En utilisant des joncs 80 dont la hauteur H est échelonnée, il est donc possible, si la forme des renforts ou le creux initial de la voile l'exige, d'adapter la surépaisseur créée par les joncs à toutes les structures de voile possibles (cf fig. 21The tubular element according to the invention, on the contrary, provides a universal solution to this problem. It consists in creating a winding mandrel tube with constant profile by forming the desired increase in perimeter by applying along a generatrix of the mandrel 15, an added element, such as a rod 80, made of plastic or the like. For this, one can use an element as shown in Figs. 22 to 24, consisting of a rod 80 of light alloy or plastic comprising a tenon 81 which can be inserted into the central groove 38 of the tubular element 15. The joint 80 with the tubular element 15 can be made by bonding , riveting or any other equivalent means. By using rods 80 whose height H is staggered, it is therefore possible, if the shape of the reinforcements or the initial hollow of the sail requires it, to adapt the additional thickness created by the rods to all possible sail structures ( see fig. 21

Evidemment, lorsque l'élément tubulaire est constitué d'un assemblage d'éléments de courte longueur, le jonc 80 peut être coupé en éléments de longueur similaire pour être pré-assemblés- sur les portions d'éléments tubulaires destinées à être emmanchées les unes dans les aut res.Obviously, when the tubular element consists of an assembly of elements of short length, the rod 80 can be cut into elements of similar length to be pre-assembled on the portions of tubular elements intended to be fitted together. in the others.

Possibilités d'applicationApplication possibilities

L'objet de l'invention est tout particulièrement destiné aux voiliers de plaisance et/ou de compétition, car il permet d'établir simultanément des doubles trinquettes fonctionnant de façon analogue à un Spinnaker et pouvant au besoin être réglées en surface par rotation de l'élément tubulaire 15.The object of the invention is very particularly intended for pleasure and / or competition sailboats, because it makes it possible to simultaneously establish double trumpets operating in a manner analogous to a Spinnaker and which can if necessary be adjusted on the surface by rotation of the tubular element 15.

Claims (10)

1. Device for the positioning, holding in position and winding of a boat sail of the type according to which the sail is fixed to a tubular mandrel (15) constituted by tubular segments (15a, 15b) fitted end-to-end and adapted to pivot on a fixed stay (16), the said mandrel carrying a sliding block (24) to which the sail (10) is fastened, and which is capable of being locked in position at the head of the mandrel, characterized by the fact that the mandrel (15):
- is constituted by end-on tubular segments (15a-15b) fitting one into the other by way of internal sleeves (34) and defining three external grooves (37 to 39) contained inside a central angle of less than 120°,
- supports at ist top port a retractable mobile lock means (22) normally in closed position,
- carries and guides a sliding bock (24) associated to:
means (25) of connection with the sail and of temporary connection with a halyard (29) of the mast,
static means (27) interlocking with the lock means (22),
means (33-26) for opening retractable lock.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mandrel (15) is constituted by a plurality of tubular elementary segments (15a-15b), threaded in succession on the stay (16), joined together end-to-end by internal sleeves (34) split longitudinally to cooperate with internal axial ribs (35) provided on the segments and centered on the stay by internal bearings (40) constituted in two separate parts (40a-40b) which fit into the segments.
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mandrel (15) is constituted from elementary segments joined end to end by way of internal sleeves (34) and by way of connecting rods which fit into the central groove (38) defined by the mandrel.
4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mandrel (15) is provided at its head portion with a retractable mobile lock means (22) constituted by a hook (23) subjected to the permanent action of a spring (70) which returns it to the closed position against the mandrel.
5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mandrel (15) defines three grooves (37­38­39) which are contained in a central angle of less than 120°, and are parallel together, the external grooves being reserved for passing the awning ropes through and the central groove (38) for the fitting in of a compensation ring (80) to compensate for extra thicknesses when winding the sail.
6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mandrel (15) carries and guides through its grooves a sliding block (24) provided with an elongated hole (25) for the connection with the sail and the temporary connection with the open hook (28) of a halyard (29) of a mast, which halyard is associated to a pullback cord (48).
7. Device according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the mandrel (15) carries and guides a sliding block (24) provided with a projecting clasp (27) which cooperates with the mobile lock means (22) mounted at the head portion of the mandrel.
8. Device according to one of claims 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that the mandrel (15) carries and guides a sliding block (24) associated to means for opening the lock (22) comprising
- a spring catch (26) movable axially on the sliding block and directed to face the lock means (22),
- a release block (33) mounted and guided on the mandrel (15) underneath the block (24) of which it is independent and comprising an open body which permenently releases the grooves and supports a head 33d provided with elastic return means which is designed to act on the spring catch (26) to urge it in the direction of the lock (22) and through it cause the opening of said lock as soon as release block (33) is pressed under the sliding block (24) to release the interlocking between the spring catch (26) of the said sliding block and lock (22).
9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mandrel (15) carries a release block (33) provided with an opening (45) to connect the mast halyard (29) associated to the pulling-back cord with the open hook (23).
10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mandrel (15) is associated, at ist base, to a supporting abutment (17) on the fixed stay (16) and to a drive pulley (14) with a V-shaped groove, constituted by two notched side-plates (20-21) driven by a cord (42) forming an endless loop kept stretched by a return-pulley (43) associated to an elastic stretching means (44) integral with the deck of the boat.
EP79420036A 1978-08-04 1979-07-27 System for reefing and furling stay sails Expired EP0008560B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7823656A FR2432432A1 (en) 1978-08-04 1978-08-04 IMPROVEMENT IN FOCS WINDING SYSTEMS
FR7823656 1978-08-04

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EP0008560A1 EP0008560A1 (en) 1980-03-05
EP0008560B1 true EP0008560B1 (en) 1982-02-17

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JP (1) JPS56160294A (en)
AU (1) AU532894B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2962142D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2432432A1 (en)

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GB1393251A (en) * 1971-08-17 1975-05-07 Dowling T B Means for attaching staysails to stays
US3749043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1973-07-31 D Crall System for reefing and furling staysails
US3789790A (en) * 1971-11-15 1974-02-05 D Crall System for reefing and furling sails
GB1340777A (en) * 1971-11-30 1974-01-30 Ss Spars Ltd Attachment of sails of stays
FR2225331A1 (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-11-08 Bernard Bernard Aerofoil shape gaff for staysail luff rope - has separate nosepiece and rotates around forestay in longitudinal slot
FR2243862B1 (en) * 1973-09-18 1976-06-18 Bernard Bernard
US3938460A (en) * 1974-03-04 1976-02-17 Hood Sailmakers, Inc. Sail-raising system
US3980036A (en) * 1976-03-08 1976-09-14 Crall Donald H Roller furling assembly
DE2635717C3 (en) * 1976-08-07 1979-10-11 Guenter 2300 Kiel Nasgowitz Sail furling device with rotatable stay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU532894B2 (en) 1983-10-20
AU4959979A (en) 1980-02-07
DE2962142D1 (en) 1982-03-25
JPS56160294A (en) 1981-12-09
US4267791A (en) 1981-05-19
FR2432432A1 (en) 1980-02-29
FR2432432B1 (en) 1981-10-23
EP0008560A1 (en) 1980-03-05

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