EA029114B1 - Rail fastening arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to the design of a railway track superstructure and can be used for rail fastening to under-rail bases, in particular, to sleepers. The rail fastening arrangement comprises an under-rail pad made of a composite material as an integral part and having a base, two opposite peripheral segments of the base are raised stepwise upwards, said base has two central transverse projections limiting the under-rail zone; under-clamp zones are disposed on the opposite sides of the under-rail zone and carry spring-loaded clamps that press the rail bottom to said under-rail pad; said spring-loaded clamps have in plan a shape close to Ω-like, with a rectilinear on-rail section. The novel feature is that the under-rail pad is provided with a metal plate connected undetachably, on the outer side of the under-rail zone, to the base and the central transverse projections, said plate being provided with local projections thrust into the pad body. The technical result consists in higher operational reliability of the rail fastening.

Description

The invention relates to the design of the upper structure of the railway track and can be used for attaching rails to rail bases, in particular sleepers. Rail fastening contains rail lining, made of composite material in one piece with a base, two opposite peripheral parts of which are stepped raised, and on the base there are two central transverse protrusions, limiting the direction of the rail, with opposite sides of which are located spring terminals, clamping the rail foot to said rail underlay, said spring terminals in the plan have a shape approximating to the Ω-shaped with a straight narelsovym site. New is that the rail lining is equipped with a metal plate, which is inseparably connected to the outside of the rail section with the base and central transverse projections, while the said plate is provided with local projections embedded in the body of the lining. The technical result is to increase the operational reliability of rail fasteners.

029114 Β1

029114 Β1

029114

Technical field

The invention relates to the design of the upper structure of the railway track and can be used for attaching rails to rail bases, in particular sleepers.

Prior art

The prior art rail fasteners containing rail lining (hereinafter lining), made one-piece, mainly from high-strength polyamide with glass fiber. The lining contains a base on which two sub-terminal and one sub-rail sections are formed. The subrail segment is located between the sub-terminal portions and is bounded by two central transverse projections limiting the lateral movements of the rail and the gasket located directly under the rail bottom and performing the function of a shock absorber that dampens vibrations. On the sub terminal sections there are spring terminals, which press the rail bottom through the gasket to the lining. The rail lining is connected to the sleeper by means of fasteners, which clamp the spring terminals to said lining, with washers being installed between the heads of the fasteners and spring terminals.

The above rail fasteners are known from KI 99490, IPC E01B 9/54, E01B 9/02, publ. 11/20/2010, FIG. 5, 6; CI 103365, cl. EB 9/48, publ. 04/10/2011. At the same time they contain spring terminals, made in the V-shape. Known technical solutions have a relatively simple and easy to assemble design, providing the design set positioning of spring terminals and fasteners in rail fastening. However, in the above rail fastenings, the B-shaped terminal is intended for reinforced concrete sleepers with intercenter spacing of fasteners in bed sleepers of 230 mm. For reinforced concrete sleepers with intercenter spacing of fasteners in bed sleepers of 310 mm, the aforementioned B-shaped terminal is not suitable because it will not be able to provide the necessary pressing force of the rail foot.

As the closest analogue adopted rail fastening, known from KI 142970, IPC E01B 9/00, publ. 07/10/2014. Each sub terminal section of the rail sublayer is provided with a support ledge located near the peripheral base portion of the subrail rail base. In each sub terminal section, two recesses are formed, in which the spring terminal branches are installed, which is close in plan to the Ω-shaped form with a straight narelle section, while the said recesses are made in a supporting ledge with a stepped elevation of the base of the rail bearing upwards.

The above rail fastening is characterized by operational reliability when used on straight sections of the track, including with intercenter spacing of fasteners in the bed of the sleepers of 310 mm. The disadvantages of the above construction can manifest themselves in curves of small radius of the track and can be expressed in the abrasion of the rail base of the central transverse protrusions of the rail lining.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The objective of the invention is directed to the development of reliable rail fastening, preserving the design gauge on straight and curved sections of small radius of the track.

The technical result is to increase the operational reliability of rail fasteners.

This technical result is achieved in the design of rail fasteners containing rail linings, made of composite material with a solid piece with a base, two opposite peripheral portions of which are stepped up, and on this base there are two central transverse protrusions, limiting the under-rail portion, from opposite sides of which sub terminal sections are located on which spring terminals are placed, pressing the rail bottom against the mentioned Under the rail lining, the above-mentioned spring terminals in the plan have a shape close to the Ω-shaped with a straight narelle section, according to the invention, the rail lining is provided with a metal plate, which is non-detachable on the outside of the rail section with the base and central transverse projections, and the said plate is made U-shaped profile, the open area is directed upwards and is equipped with local projections embedded in the body of the rail lining.

Each of the sub terminal sections can be provided with a support protrusion located near the peripheral portion of the base of the rail support lining; moreover, in the above-mentioned support projection two recesses are made with approaching the peripheral base of the rail base for raising the branches of the spring terminal.

The spring terminals are pressed to the rail lining by means of fasteners connecting the rail lining to the sleeper, while an insulating washer is placed between the head of the fastener and the spring terminal.

In the longitudinal section of the lining of the rail rails, step-like, peripheral elevated upward

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sections of the base are L-shaped.

The set of features of the claimed invention is in a causal relationship with the technical result achieved and is presented in the independent claim.

Brief description of the explanatory figures:

in fig. 1 shows the proposed rail fastening (general view);

in fig. 2 depicts the explosion diagram of FIG. one;

in fig. 3 shows section A-A of FIG. one;

in fig. 4 shows the rail lining (general view);

in fig. 5 shows view B in FIG. four;

in fig. 6 shows a view of C in FIG. five;

in fig. 7 shows a spring terminal (general view);

in fig. 8 shows an electrical insulation washer.

On the above figures are presented:

1 - rail lining;

2 - sleeper;

2A - the peripheral section of the bed sleepers;

2b — upper section of the sleeper;

3 - fastener;

3a - nut;

4 - spring terminal;

4a — end portion;

4b - narelsovy area;

4c is a side portion;

46 - intermediate section;

5 - rail;

5a — rail foot;

6 - the base of the rail liner;

7 - sub terminal area;

8 - under-rail section;

9 — central transverse overhang;

10 - rail strip;

11 - the peripheral portion of the base of the lining;

11a - upper platform;

12 - marginal protrusion;

13 - supporting ledge;

14 - sub terminal protrusion;

15 - hole;

16 - stiffener;

17 - recess;

18 - metal plate;

19 - ledges;

20 - washer;

20a - electric insulation element of the washer;

20b - washer support plate;

B is the longitudinal axis of the rail link lining 1;

Υ - the longitudinal axis of the sleepers 2;

N - bed sleepers 2;

Ζ - the outer side of the lining 1.

It should be understood that specialists in this field of technology will be able to offer other embodiments of the invention and that some of its details can be changed in various other aspects, without going beyond the essence and scope of the present invention, respectively, the figures and a detailed description of rail fastening is illustrative, but not restrictive.

The best embodiment of the invention

Rail fastening (see Fig. 1, 2, 3) contains rail lining 1 (hereinafter - lining), connected to the sleeper 2 by means of at least two fasteners 3; two spring terminals 4, clamping the sole 5A of the rail 5 to the lining 1.

Lining 1 (see Figs. 4, 5, 6) is intended for the perception and damping of dynamic loads during the movement of rolling stock, including high-speed, especially in curved sections of a small radius of the track. The lining 1 is made in one piece with the base 6, on which two sub-terminals 7 and one rail 8 are formed. The sub-rail section 8 is located between the sub-terminal portions 7 and bounded on both sides by central transverse projections 9 located on the base 6. The sole 5a of the rail 5 is installed on the aforementioned sub-rail portion 2 029114

ke 8, while between the base 5a of the rail 5 and the lining 1 can be installed gasket 10, performing the function of a shock absorber, vibration damping. Central transverse protrusions 9 limit the displacement of the sole 5a of the rail 5 and the gasket 10 along the longitudinal axis b of the lining 1 and the longitudinal axis W of the sleepers 2.

Two opposite peripheral sections 11 of the base 6 of the lining 1 are made step-like raised upward to form the upper platforms 11a. It should be noted that the said peripheral sections 11 are also the peripheral parts of the sub-terminal sections 7. In the longitudinal section of the lining 1 (along the longitudinal axis b), the peripheral sections 11 of the base 6 are raised in a step-like fashion and are L-shaped. In the construction of the railroad's upper structure, the peripheral sections 11 mate with the peripheral parts 2a of the in-depth bed N of the sleepers 2 that are matched in shape, while the upper platform Pa of the peripheral sections 11 is superimposed on the upper section 2b of the sleepers 2 located next to its bed N. Thus, The peripheral sections 11 raised upwards protect the bed N of the sleepers 2 from destruction under the influence of the end sections 4a of the spring terminal branches 4. Keeping the bed N and the top section 2b of the sleepers 2 increases the reliability of the The foil bonding and allows to increase the pressing force of the spring terminals 4 to the rail 5a bottom 5a.

On the upper pads 11a of the peripheral portions 11 of the base 6, the edge projections 12 are located, limiting the displacement of the spring terminals 4, in particular preventing the end portions 4a of the spring terminals 4 from moving along the lining 1 and the longitudinal axis W of the sleepers 2,. The edge projections 12 prevent the bias of the spring terminals 4 during the operation of rail fastening. Edge protrusions 12 in the longitudinal section of the lining 1 (along the longitudinal axis b) from the side of the location of the spring terminals 4 can be made concave along the radius, which ensures the maximum area of their contact with the end sections 4a of the spring terminals 4.

It does not exclude the possibility of making marginal protrusions 12 on each sub-terminal portion 7 as a single integral element located across the longitudinal axis b.

Each of the sub-terminal sections 7 comprises a support 13 and a sub-terminal 14 protrusions, between which a hole 15 is made in the base 6, in which the previously mentioned fastening element 3 is installed; at least two stiffeners 16; two recesses 17 in which the spring terminal 4 branches are installed.

The ribs 16 are connected to the central transverse protrusion 9 and the base 6 of the lining 1, which increases the rigidity of the latter and increases the strength of the central transverse protrusions 9. In addition, the said stiffeners 16 function as limiters, namely, limit the displacement of the spring terminals 4 along the longitudinal axis B in the direction of the rail section 8.

In each sub terminal section 7, the support protrusion 13 is located adjacent to the peripheral section 11 of the base 6 of the lining 1 and is connected to it, and two recesses 17 are made in the reference support 13 with the peripheral section 11 of the base 6 of the lining 1 raised in a step-like manner. In each sub terminal section 7, the recesses 17 are made in terms of a mirror-symmetrical form and are directed by end sections to the opposite elongated sides of the base 6 of the lining 1. In a specific example of execution, the end The main portions of the recesses are directed toward the edge projections 12. The shape of the recesses 17 practically repeats the shape of the response sections of the spring terminal branches 4. In the rail fastening, the spring terminal 4 branches are installed in the above recesses 17, which allows the spring terminals 4 to be reduced to the lining 1 due to the larger area their interfacing (fit) with sub terminal sections 7 prevents the spring terminals 4 from moving in the transverse direction (across the longitudinal axis b), including when tightening fasteners 3, increases the positioning accuracy of said spring terminals 4 during the rail fastening assembly process.

Lining 1 with all the above elements and areas can be made according to the existing proven technology by injection molding from a high-strength composite material, for example, polyamide-6 with glass filling or mineral filling, or another material with similar characteristics.

On the outer side Ζ of the lining 1 there is a metal plate 18 (hereinafter referred to as the plate) which is permanently connected to the base 6 of the rail section 8 and central transverse projections 9. The plate 18 contains local projections 19 embedded in the body of the lining 1, which increases the reliability of their connection. In the specific example of execution, the plate 18, like the protrusions 19, is embedded in the body of the lining 1. Also, the plate is curved to form a U-shaped cross-sectional profile and is directed upward with the open area.

In case of insufficient tightening force of the fasteners 3, and therefore insufficient pressure of spring 4 terminals of rail 5a to the lining 1 and the sleeper 2, said sole 5a can slide along the central transverse lugs 9. The presence of the above-described metal plate 18 minimizes the possibility of abrasion of the central transverse lugs 9 soles 5A of the rail 5, which increases the operational reliability of the lining 1 and rail fastening in general,

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since the design width of the gauge is preserved in straight sections and curved sections of small radius of the track.

To reduce the mass of the lining 1 from the inner side of it can be formed notches, forming a cellular structure.

Each of the aforementioned spring terminals 4 (see Fig. 7) is made in one single piece and is close in terms of Ω-shape. In the particular case of execution, each spring terminal 4 is formed by a straight narella section 4b, on opposite sides of which two branches extend, made mirror-symmetrical in shape with respect to the longitudinal axis 8. The branches of spring terminal 4 are formed by lateral sections 4c, the continuation of which are intermediate sections 4th ending with the previously mentioned end sections 4A. The Narella section 4b is located horizontally and passes over the radii of curvature into the arcuate upwardly curved side portions 4c, which pass along the radii of curvature into the intermediate portions of the 4th, approximating in shape to straight lines and passing along the radii of curvature into the end portions 4a directed in opposite directions, while The narelia segment 4b may be located above the intermediate sections 4th. The Narella 4L and the lateral 4c sections of the spring clamp 4 form a loop-like portion enclosing the central transverse protrusion 9.

Spring terminals 4 are made of a rod of durable and elastic material, in particular steel, according to the existing proven technology in a flexible way. In a specific example of execution, the bar is made in a circular cross section.

The above-described spring clamp design 4 ensures reliable transfer of the tightening force of the fastening elements 3 to the rail 5 bottom 5a and reliably pressing said sole 5a to the base 6 of the lining 1. In addition, the spring terminals 4 compensate for the elastic deformations of the rail fasteners that occur due to the weight of the rolling stock . Spring terminals 4 can be used in rail fastening with intercenter spacing of fasteners 3 in bed N sleepers 2, constituting 310 mm.

The fastening elements 3 can be traveling bolts or screws, or other similar devices that perform the same function with a similar result. The fastening elements 3 can be provided with heads or nuts 3 a. A washer 20 is placed between the head or nut 3a of the fastener 3 and the spring terminal 4. The tightening force of the fasteners 3 is transmitted through the washers 20 to the spring terminals 4.

In the particular case of the execution of the washer 20 is made of electrically insulating (see Fig. 8). The washer 20 comprises an electrical insulating element 20a and two metal support plates 20b. Making the insulating washer 20 in the form of a “package”: the metal support plate 20b — the insulating element 20a — the metal support plate 20b, allows you to create a solid structure that accepts high loads in rail fastening and at the same time eliminates the electrical connection between the fastener 3, spring terminal 4 and rail 5, which increases the safety of freight transport. Do not rule out the implementation of the insulating washer 20 of a different design, but at the same time performing a similar function.

The above rail fastening is characterized by operational reliability both on straight sections and curved sections of small radius of the track, since the possibility of abrasion of the central transverse protrusions 9 by rail 5 soles is excluded and, therefore, the track width is maintained.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. Rail fastening comprising a rail lining made of a composite material with a solid part with a base, two opposite peripheral parts of which are made raised to the top, and on the said base two central transverse protrusions are located, bounding the rail section, on opposite sides of which are located the sub-terminal parts, on which spring terminals are placed, pressing the rail bottom to said rail lining, said spring terminals in The lane has a shape close to the Ω-shaped with a straight narella section, characterized in that the rail lining is provided with a metal plate, which is inseparably connected to the outside of the under-rail portion with the base and central transverse projections, while the said plate is made with a U-shaped profile that is open area up and provided with local protrusions embedded in the body of the rail lining. 2. Rail fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the sub-terminal portions is provided with a support protrusion located near the peripheral portion of the base of the base liner under the rail, while in the above-mentioned supporting ledge there are two grooves with a peripheral portion of the base of the liner raised up to the rail. for installation of spring clamp branches. 3. Rail fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring terminals are pressed to the lining - 4 029114 the rail by means of fasteners connecting the rail underlay with the sleeper, while an insulating washer is placed between the head of the fastener and the spring terminal. 4. Rail fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that in the longitudinal section of the lining of the rail, the peripheral portions of the base are raised in a step-like manner and are L-shaped. 1 4 5