DE938420T1 - Fahrzeugstruktur aus kompositschichtstoff - Google Patents
Fahrzeugstruktur aus kompositschichtstoffInfo
- Publication number
- DE938420T1 DE938420T1 DE0938420T DE97947323T DE938420T1 DE 938420 T1 DE938420 T1 DE 938420T1 DE 0938420 T DE0938420 T DE 0938420T DE 97947323 T DE97947323 T DE 97947323T DE 938420 T1 DE938420 T1 DE 938420T1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- longitudinal
- shell
- door brace
- inner shell
- thermally expanded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims 3
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J5/00—Doors
- B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
- B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
- B60J5/0452—Reinforcement elements including foams or expanded materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
- B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
- B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
- B29C44/1242—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material the preformed parts being concentric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J5/00—Doors
- B60J5/04—Doors arranged at the vehicle sides
- B60J5/042—Reinforcement elements
- B60J5/0422—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires
- B60J5/0438—Elongated type elements, e.g. beams, cables, belts or wires characterised by the type of elongated elements
- B60J5/0443—Beams
- B60J5/0447—Beams formed of several elements arranged in parallel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
- B62D25/082—Engine compartments
- B62D25/084—Radiator supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
- B62D29/002—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material a foamable synthetic material or metal being added in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
- B62D29/004—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material the metal being over-moulded by the synthetic material, e.g. in a mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/007—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of special steel or specially treated steel, e.g. stainless steel or locally surface hardened steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
- B60R2019/1813—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
- B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
- B60R2019/1846—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material comprising a cellular structure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Claims (12)
1. Verstärkte Türverstrebung, die folgendes umfaßt: eine
aus Stahl geformte längsverlaufende hohle Türverstrebungsschale mit erstem und zweitem Ende; eine
längsverlaufende örtliche Verstärkung, die in der genannten hohlen Türverstrebungsschale angeordnet ist; wobei die
genannte örtliche Verstärkung eine Länge hat, die kleiner als ungefähr ein Drittel der Länge der genannten
längsverlaufenden hohlen Türverstrebungsschale ist; wobei die genannte örtliche Verstärkung ungefähr auf halbem Weg
zwischen dem genannten ersten und zweiten Ende der genannten längsverlaufenden hohlen Türverstrebungsschale in
der genannten 1 ängsver1 aufende &eegr; hohlen
Türverstrebungsschale angeordnet ist; wobei die genannte örtliche Verstärkung eine Schicht aus einem thermisch
ausgedehnten Werkstoff auf Kunstharzbasis und eine Innenschale hat; wobei die genannte Innenschale aus dünnem
hochfestem Stahl geformt ist; und wobei die genannte Schicht aus thermisch ausgedehntem Werkstoff auf
Kunstharzbasis zwischen einer Innenseite der genannten längsverlaufenden hohlen Türverstrebungsschale und einer
Innenschale angeordnet ist und starr mit der genannten längsverlaufenden hohlen Türverstrebungsschale und der
genannten Innenschale verklebt ist.
2. Erfindung nach Anspruch 1, bei der der genannte thermisch ausgedehnte Werkstoff auf Kunstharzbasis
Mikrosphären enthält.
3. Erfindung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die genannte längsverlaufende hohle Türverstrebungsschale einen
rechteckigen Querschnitt mit vier Innenseiten hat und bei der die genannte örtliche Verstärkung einen C-Profil-Querschnitt
hat, so daß der genannte thermisch ausgedehnte
Werkstoff auf Kunstharzbasis nur rait drei der genannten
vier Innenseiten verklebt ist.
4. Erfindung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die genannte längsverlaufende hohle Türverstrebungsschale einen
rechteckigen Querschnitt mit vier Innenseiten und bei der die genannte örtliche Verstärkung einen rechteckigen
Querschnitt hat, so daß der genannte thermisch ausgedehnte Werkstoff auf Kunstharzbasis mit allen vier der genannten
vier Innenseiten verklebt ist.
5. Verstärkte Türverstrebung, die folgendes umfaßt: eine längsverlaufende Türverstrebungsschale mit erstem und
zweitem Ende, die eine Rinne definiert, wobei die genannte Türverstrebungsschale ein Paar seitlicher Flansche und ein
Paar einander gegenüberliegender Seitenwände hat, wobei sich die genannten seitlichen Flansche der genannten
längsverlaufenden Türverstrebungsschale im Winkel von ungefähr neunzig Grad von den genannten Seitenwänden der
genannten längsverlaufenden Türverstrebungsschale weg erstrecken; eine längsverlaufende Innenschale, die eine
Rinne definiert, wobei die genannte längsverlaufende Innenschale ein Paar seitlicher Flansche und ein Paar
einander gegenüberliegender Seitenwände hat, wobei sich die genannten seitlichen Flansche der genannten
längsverlaufenden Innenschale im Winkel von ungefähr neunzig Grad von den genannten Seitenwänden der genannten
längsverlaufenden Innenschale weg erstrecken; wobei die genannte längsverlaufende Innenschale ungefähr auf halbem
Weg zwischen dem genannten ersten und zweiten Ende angeordnet ist und weniger als ungefähr ein Drittel der
Länge der genannten längsverlaufenden Türverstrebungsschale einnimt; eine Schicht aus thermisch ausgedehntem Kunstharz,
das zwischen der genannten längsverlaufenden Türverstrebungsschale und der genannten längsverlaufenden
DE/EPÖS38 420T1
Innenschale angeordnet und starr mit einer Innenseite der genannten längsverlaufenden Türverstrebungsschale und mit
der genannten längsverlaufenden Innenschale verklebt ist; und wobei die genannte längsverlaufende Innenschale in der
genannten Rinne der genannten längsverlaufenden Türverstrebungsschale steckt und wobei die genannten
Flansche der genannten längsverlaufenden Innenschale an die genannten Flansche der genannten längsverlaufenden
Türverstrebungsschale angeschweißt sind.
6. Erfindung nach Anspruch 5, bei der das thermisch ausgedehnte Kunstharz hohle Mikrosphären enthält.
7. Erfindung nach Anspruch 5, bei der die genannte längsverlaufende Innenschale aus hochfestem Stahl geformt
ist.
8. Erfindung nach Anspruch 7, bei der der genannte hochfeste Stahl eine Dicke von ungefähr 0,025 bis ungefähr
0,080 Zoll hat.
9. Verstärkter Kraftfahrzeugstoßfänger, der folgendes
umfaßt: eine längsverlaufende Stoßfängerschale, die einen Hohlraum definiert und ein erstes und ein zweites Ende hat;
eine in dem genannten Hohlraum angeordnete längsverlaufende örtliche Verstärkung; wobei die genannte längsverlaufende
örtliche Verstärkung eine Länge hat, die kleiner als ungefähr ein Drittel der Länge der genannten
längsverlaufenden Stoßfängerschale ist; wobei die genannte längsverlaufende örtliche Verstärkung ungefähr auf halbem
Weg zwischen dem genannten ersten und zweiten Ende der genannten längsverlaufenden Stoßfängerschale im genannten
längsverlaufenden Stoßfängerschale angeordnet ist; wobei
die genannte längsverlaufende örtliche Verstärkung eine Schicht aus thermisch ausgedehntem Werkstoff auf
Kunstharzbasis und eine Innenschale hat; wobei die genannte Innenschale aus dünnem hochfestem Stahl geformt ist; und
DE/EP O 338420 T1
wobei die genannte Schicht aus thermisch ausgedehntem Werkstoff auf Kunstharzbasis zwischen einer Innenseite der
genannten längsverlaufenden Stoßfängerschale und der
genannten Innenschale angeordnet ist und starr mit der genannten längsverlaufenden Stoßfängerschale und der
genannten Innenschale verklebt ist.
10. Erfindung nach Anspruch 9, wobei der genannte thermisch ausgedehnte Werkstoff auf Kunstharzbasis
Mikrosphären enthält.
11. Erfindung nach Anspruch 9, bei der die genannte Schicht auf Kunstharzbasis eine Dicke von ungefähr 0,060
bis ungefähr 0,25 Zoll hat.
12. Erfindung nach Anspruch 9, bei der die genannte Innenschale eine Dicke von ungefähr 0,025 bis ungefähr
0,080 Zoll hat.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/751,093 US5884960A (en) | 1994-05-19 | 1996-11-15 | Reinforced door beam |
PCT/US1997/019981 WO1998021060A1 (en) | 1996-11-15 | 1997-11-14 | Composite laminate automotive structures |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE938420T1 true DE938420T1 (de) | 2000-03-09 |
Family
ID=25020453
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE0938420T Pending DE938420T1 (de) | 1996-11-15 | 1997-11-14 | Fahrzeugstruktur aus kompositschichtstoff |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5884960A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0938420A4 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001507647A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20000053302A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9713066A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2271890A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE938420T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2137144T1 (de) |
TR (1) | TR199901483T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998021060A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA9710274B (de) |
Families Citing this family (174)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6168226B1 (en) | 1994-05-19 | 2001-01-02 | Henkel Corporation | Composite laminate automotive structures |
US6341467B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 | 2002-01-29 | Henkel Corporation | Internal reinforcement for hollow structural elements |
EP1057718A3 (de) * | 1997-07-21 | 2000-12-13 | Henkel Corporation | Verstärktes Bauelement |
US6233826B1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2001-05-22 | Henkel Corp | Method for reinforcing structural members |
SE9703859L (sv) * | 1997-10-23 | 1998-11-30 | Ssab Hardtech Ab | Krockskyddsbalk för fordon |
US6103341A (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2000-08-15 | L&L Products | Self-sealing partition |
US6003274A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-12-21 | Henkel Corporation | Lightweight laminate reinforcing web |
DE19856255C1 (de) | 1998-03-20 | 2000-01-20 | Moeller Plast Gmbh | Hohlprofil mit Innenversteifung |
WO1999057394A2 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-11 | Dofasco, Inc. | A railing component and method of manufacturing this component |
US6079180A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-06-27 | Henkel Corporation | Laminate bulkhead with flared edges |
ZA991856B (en) | 1998-08-27 | 1999-09-22 | Henkel Corp | Storage-stable compositions useful for the production of structural foams. |
US6272809B1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-08-14 | Henkel Corporation | Three dimensional laminate beam structure |
US20040201255A1 (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 2004-10-14 | Martin Jonsson | Lightweight beam |
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US6276105B1 (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2001-08-21 | Henkel Corporation | Laminate reinforced beam with tapered polymer layer |
US6189953B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2001-02-20 | Henkel Corporation | Reinforced structural assembly |
US6149227A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-11-21 | Henkel Corporation | Reinforced structural assembly |
US6092864A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-07-25 | Henkel Corporation | Oven cured structural foam with designed-in sag positioning |
DE19909270A1 (de) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-07 | Henkel Teroson Gmbh | Hitzehärtbarer, thermisch expandierbarer Formkörper |
US6131897A (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-10-17 | L & L Products, Inc. | Structural reinforcements |
KR20010049950A (ko) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-06-15 | 제임스 이. 미러 | 차체의 프레임구조 |
US6358584B1 (en) | 1999-10-27 | 2002-03-19 | L&L Products | Tube reinforcement with deflecting wings and structural foam |
USH2047H1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2002-09-03 | Henkel Corporation | Reinforcement laminate |
FR2801947B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-02 | 2002-06-14 | Lorraine Laminage | Poutre creuse d'absorption d'energie de choc |
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US6668457B1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2003-12-30 | L&L Products, Inc. | Heat-activated structural foam reinforced hydroform |
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US6199940B1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2001-03-13 | Sika Corporation | Tubular structural reinforcing member with thermally expansible foaming material |
US6305136B1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2001-10-23 | Sika Corporation | Reinforcing member with beam shaped carrier and thermally expansible reinforcing material |
US6475577B1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2002-11-05 | Sika Corporation | Reinforcing member with intersecting support legs |
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-
1996
- 1996-11-15 US US08/751,093 patent/US5884960A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-11-13 ZA ZA9710274A patent/ZA9710274B/xx unknown
- 1997-11-14 EP EP97947323A patent/EP0938420A4/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-11-14 TR TR1999/01483T patent/TR199901483T2/xx unknown
- 1997-11-14 WO PCT/US1997/019981 patent/WO1998021060A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-14 KR KR1019990704291A patent/KR20000053302A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-14 DE DE0938420T patent/DE938420T1/de active Pending
- 1997-11-14 JP JP52261898A patent/JP2001507647A/ja active Pending
- 1997-11-14 ES ES97947323T patent/ES2137144T1/es active Pending
- 1997-11-14 CA CA002271890A patent/CA2271890A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-14 BR BR9713066-4A patent/BR9713066A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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---|---|
KR20000053302A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
JP2001507647A (ja) | 2001-06-12 |
US5884960A (en) | 1999-03-23 |
CA2271890A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
BR9713066A (pt) | 2000-04-11 |
EP0938420A4 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
ZA9710274B (en) | 1998-06-10 |
TR199901483T2 (xx) | 1999-09-21 |
WO1998021060A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
EP0938420A1 (de) | 1999-09-01 |
ES2137144T1 (es) | 1999-12-16 |
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