DE918351C - Schmiermittel fuer die Metallbearbeitung - Google Patents

Schmiermittel fuer die Metallbearbeitung

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Publication number
DE918351C
DE918351C DEN675A DEN0000675A DE918351C DE 918351 C DE918351 C DE 918351C DE N675 A DEN675 A DE N675A DE N0000675 A DEN0000675 A DE N0000675A DE 918351 C DE918351 C DE 918351C
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Germany
Prior art keywords
oil
polymer
emulsion
water
weight
Prior art date
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Expired
Application number
DEN675A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cyril Brynmor Davies
Willem Frederik Jense
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
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Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
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Publication of DE918351C publication Critical patent/DE918351C/de
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Description

Bei Metallbearbeitungen, wie Bohren, Fräsen, Schleifen und Ziehen, werden Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen dem Punkt zugeführt, an welchem das Werkzeug oder Instrument das zu bearbeitende Metall berührt, um die an diesem Punkt entwickelte Wärme abzuleiten und erforderlichenfalls gleichzeitig eine Schmierwirkung auszuüben. Die Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen dürfen keinerlei Korrosion verursachen.
Für die genannten Zwecke sind bereits Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen der verschiedensten Zusammensetzung verwendet worden. Die bekannten Emulsionen enthalten entweder ein mineralisches oder ein pflanzliches oder ein tierisches Öl bzw. Fett oder Gemische aus mineralischen Ölen und pflanzlichen und bzw. oder tierischen Ölen oder Fetten. Wenn die öle nicht ig schon an sich im Wasser emulgierbar sind, wird noch ein Emulgator einverleibt.
Obwohl mit verschiedenen der bekannten Emulsionen die Lebensdauer des Werkzeuges oder des für die Metallbearbeitung verwendeten Instruments be- ao trächtlich verlängert werden kann, waren die diesbezüglich bisher erhaltenen Resultate nicht voll befriedigend, da es auch bei Anwendung der üblichen Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen regelmäßig erforderlich ist, das Werkzeug bzw. das verwendete Instrument durch ein neues Werkzeug oder Instrument zu ersetzen
oder das verwendete Werkzeug bzw. Instrument wieder brauchbar zu machen, indem man es wieder in die gewünschte Form bringt, z. B. durch Schleifen.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung, welches aus einer Öl-inWasser-Emulsion besteht, welche ein Polymerisat eines Vinylhalogenids oder Vinylidenhalogenids bzw. ein Mischpolymerisat eines oder beider dieser HaIogenide mit einer ungesättigten organischen Verbindung enthält, wobei der Molanteil der genannten Halogenide in dem Mischpolymerisat mindestem 50% beträgt.
Beispiele geeigneter Vinylhalogenide und Vinylidenhalogenide, von welchen sich die Polymerisate oder Mischpolymerisate ableiten, sind Vinylchlorid, Vinylfluorid und Vinylidenchlorid. Beispiele geeigneter ungesättigter organischer Verbindungen, von welchen sich die Mischpolymerisate ableiten, sind Vinylester, Vinyläther, Vinylketone, Allylalkohol, Acrylsäure, Alkylacrylsäuren, halogenierte Acrylsäuren sowie Ester und Nitrile solcher Säuren, wie Acrylnitril, andere ungesättigte Säuren, wie Malein-Fumar- und Itaconsäure, sowie ungesättigte Kohlen-Wasserstoffe und Halogenierungsprodukte derselben, wie Styrol, Äthylen, Butadien, Isopren, Chloropren und Trichloräthylen.
Spezielle Beispiele geeigneter polymerer Stoffe sind Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylfluorid, Polyvinylidenchlorid und Mischpolymerisate von Vinylchlorid mit Allylchlorid, Vinylchlorid mit Chlorstyrol, Vinylchlorid mit Allylamin, Vinylchlorid mit Vinylidenchlorid, Vinylchlorid mit Acrylnitril, Vinylchlorid mit Methyhnethacrylat, Vinylchlorid mit Isobutylen, Vinylchlorid mit Maleinsäure, Vinylchlorid mit Vinylacetat, Vinylchlorid mit Vinylbenzoat, Vinylchlorid mit Diallyläther, Vinylchlorid mit Vinylpyridin und Vinylchlorid mit Vinylpyrrol.
Besonders bevorzugte Polymerisate sind die PoIyvinylhalogenide, Polyvinylidenhalogenide und Mischpolymerisate aus Vinylhalogeniden und Vinylidenhalogeniden.
Die Molgewichte der polymeren Stoffe können in einem weiten Bereich schwanken, wobei aber Stoffe mit einem durchschnittlichen Molgewicht von 40 000 bis 100 000 bevorzugt werden.
Die polymeren Stoffe können modifiziert und verbessert werden, indem man sie der Halogenierung, Sulfurisierung und bzw. oder Phosphorierung unterwirft. Beispielsweise kann ein Polyvinylhalogenid verwendet werden, das nach der Polymerisation einer Nachhalogenierung unterworfen worden ist. In ähnlicher Weise kann man in den Gemischen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung sulfurisiertes Polyvinylchlorid oder mit P2S5 behandeltes Polyvinylchlorid verwenden.
Die polymeren Stoffe können der Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion auf verschiedene Weise einverleibt werden. Eine geeignete Methode besteht darin, daß das PoIymerisat in Form einer wäßrigen Suspension der Öl-inWasser-Emulsion zugesetzt wird und die Komponenten vermischt werden, indem man sie bis zur Erzielung einer äußerlich homogenen Masse zusammen verrührt.
Man kann z. B. eine Suspension von 20 bis 40 Gewichtsteilen Polyvinylchlorid in 60 bis 80 Gewichtsteilen Wasser verwenden, welche einen Emulgator für das Polyvinylchlorid enthält, z. B. ein Alkalisalz eines sauren Schwefelsäureesters eines aliphatischen Alkohols mit 10 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen oder ein Alkalisalz einer Alkylsulfonsäure mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen. Man kann auch eine wäßrige Suspension des Polymerisats einem Öl zusetzen, das noch nicht in Wasser emulgiert ist. Wenn dieses Öl einen Emulgator enthält, kann es in der Suspension des Polymerisats durch Rühren, gewünschtenfalls unter Zugabe von Wasser, dispergiert werden. Es ist auch möglich, ein Öl als solches zu einer wäßrigen Suspension des Polymerisats zuzugeben, und dann erforderlichenfalls das Öl durch Rühren des Gemisches unter Zugabe eines Emulgators für das Öl und eventuell von Wasser zu dispergieren.
Es kann jede Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, die an sich für die Metallbearbeitung anwendbar ist, verwendet werden, welcher das Polymerisat einverleibt wird.
Als Ölkomponente kann entweder ein mineralisches, ein pflanzliches oder ein tierisches Öl bzw. Fett Verwendung finden.
Als Mineralöl sind Öle von ganz verschiedenen Viscositäten brauchbar. Die Wahl des Öls hängt von dem Zweck ab, für welchen die Emulsion verwendet werden soll. Wenn man z. B. sogenannte Schneidöle herstellen will, wird vorzugsweise ein Öl mit einer verhältnismäßig niedrigen Viscosität, z. B. ein Spindelöl, verwendet; andererseits benutzt man Öle mit einer höheren Viscosität, wenn die fertige Emulsion zum Ziehen von Aluminiumrohren oder Aluminiumdrähten verwendet werden soll.
Als pflanzliche oder tierische Öle bzw. Fette sind Wollfett, Talg, Rapsöl, Baumwollsaatöl, Ricinusöl, Tran, Spermöl und Palmöl verwendbar. Man kann auch geblasene Öle, wie geblasenes Rapsöl, verwenden. Als Ölkomponenten sind auch Teilester mehrwertiger aliphatischer Alkohole, wie Glycerinmonooleat, sowie Fettsäureseifen brauchbar, welche gegebenenfalls auch freie Fettsäuren enthalten können.
Die Ölkomponente in den Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen kann auch teilweise aus einem Mineralöl und teilweise aus einem pflanzlichen oder tierischen Öl bzw. Fett bestehen. Gewünschtenfalls können auch synthetische Öle, insbesondere synthetische Schmieröle, wie Dioctylsebacat, Polypropylenglykole und alkylierte Öle in den Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen verwendet werden.
Um das Öl in Wasser emulgierbar zu machen, muß gewöhnlich ein Emulgator verwendet werden. Als geeignete Emulgatoren können öllösliche organische Sulfonate, wie Alkalimetallsalze öllöslicher Erdölsulfonsäuren, Alkalisalze sulfonierter fetter Öle, z. B. von Ricinusöl, Alkalisalze von Alkylphenolsulfonsäuren, Naphthensäureseifen, Seifen höherer Fettsäuren, insbesondere mit 12 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, Tallölseifen, Harzseifen, Salze aus Alkanolaminen und höheren Fettsäuren, wie Triäthanolaminoleat oder -Iinoleat, Alkaliseifen oxydierter Kohlenwasserstoffe, Alkalisalze saurer Schwefelsäureister aliphatischer Alkohole mit 12 oder mehr Kohlen-Stoffatomen, ferner Casein, Äthylenoxydkonden-
sationsprodukte, wie die Kondensationsprodukte aus Äthylenoxyd und Ölsäure, oder aus Äthylenoxyd und alkylierten Phenolen, genannt werden.
Wenn die ölkomponente in Wasser vor der Zugabe des Polymerisats emulgiert wird, können variierbare Wassermengen verwendet werden. Im allgemeinen schwankt der Wassergehalt der Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, welcher das Polymerisat einverleibt werden muß, von 30 bis 99 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf die Kom-
ponenten der Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, vor der Zugabe des polymerisierten Materials.
Das Mengenverhältnis zwischen der Ölkomponente und dem Polymerisat in der fertigen Emulsion kann innerhalb weiter Grenzen schwanken. Im allgemeinen kommen Verhältnisse von 1 bis 100 Gewichtsteilen, vorzugsweise 20 bis 50 Gewichtsteile des polymerisierten Materials, berechnet als Trockensubstanz, auf 100 Gewichtsteile der wasserfreien ölkomponente in Betracht.
Außer den beanspruchten Zusätzen können den Emulsionen auch noch andere bekannte Stoffe, wie Stabilisatoren, Hochdruckzusätze, Antioxydationsmittel, Korrosionsschutzmittel, Reinigungsmittel, Schaumverhinderungsmittel und Mittel zur Verbesserung der Lagerbeständigkeit einverleibt werden.
Geeignete Stabilisatoren sind Casein, Tischlerleim, Wasserglas und Bentonit.
Als Hochdruckzusätze werden insbesondere Schwefel
und bzw. oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen sowie chloriertes festes Paraffin mit einem Chlorgehalt von beispielsweise 30 bis 40 %, geschwefelte organische
Stoffe, wie geschwefelte pflanzliche und tierische Öle, geschwefelte höhere Fettsäuren, z. B. geschwefelte ölsäure, geschwefelte Terpene und elementarer Schwefei verwendet.
Als Antioxydationsmittel sind die Oxydationsverhinderer vom Phenol- oder -arylamintyp, wie 2, ^.-Dimethyl-ö-tert.-butylphenol, 2, 6-Ditert.-butyl-4 - methylphenol, N - N' - Dibutyl - phenylendiamin, Phenyl-a- oder -/3-naphthylamin sowie schwefelhaltige Antioxydationsmittel, wie geschwefelte Alkene, Dialkyldisulfide, Dibenzyldisulfid, verwendbar.
Als Korrosionsverhinderer kann man höhermolekulare Dicarbonsäuren, z. B. Alkylbernsteinsäure mit insgesamt 16 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, Nitrite und Chromate, verwenden.
Als Reinigungsmittel kommen die Metallsalze saurer Schwefelsäureester höherer Alkohole, insbesondere solche mit 10 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen sowie Alkaliseifen höherer Fettsäuren, die Alkalisalze von Alkylsulfonsäuren mit 10 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen und Alkalialkylphosphate in Betracht. In vielen Fällen können die Reinigungsmittel auch als Emulgatoren wirken.
Um das Schäumen der Emulsionen zu verhindern, kann man geringe Mengen höherer Fettsäuren, z. B. Palmitinsäure oder Ölsäure, oder Säuren, welche durch Oxydation höherer Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe erhalten werden, sowie Ozokerit, Montanwachs oder polymere Silicone als Zusätze verwenden.
Als Konservierungsmittel können Formaldehyd, halogenierte Phenole, z. B. 2, 4, 5-Trichlorphenol, und Harzöl Verwendung finden.
Gegenüber Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen, die keine Polymerisate enthalten, haben die entsprechenden Emulsionen gemäß der Erfindung den Vorteil, daß bei ihrer Anwendung eine wesentlich längere Lebensdauer des Werkzeuges bzw. Instruments erzielt wird.
Die Erfindung wird durch die nachstehenden Beispiele noch näher erläutert.
Beispiel 1
Ein Ölgemisch, welches 75 Gewichtsprozent Spindelöl, 18 Gewichtsprozent Natriumerdölsulfonat (hergestellt aus öllöslichen Erdölsulfonsäuren), 5 Gewichtsprozent des Natriumsalzes eines sulfurierten Tranes und 2 Gewichtsprozent Äthylalkohol enthielt, wurde vermischt mit dem gleichen Raumteil einer 5°/oigen wäßrigen Dispersion von Polyvinylchlorid. Dieses Gemisch wurde im Verhältnis von 1 Gewichtsteil Gemisch mit 20 Gewichtsteilen Wasser verdünnt. Mit der so erhaltenen Emulsion konnten mit einem bestimmten Bohrer 400 bis 500 Löcher in eine Chromnickelstahlplatte gebohrt werden, während bei der An-Wendung einer als Schneideöl im Handel unter der Bezeichnung »Cooledge« erhältlichen Emulsion, welche kein Polyvinylchlorid enthält, in die gleiche Platte mit einem Bohrer aus dem gleichen Material, wie bei dem ersterwähnten Versuch, nur 150 Löcher gebohrt werden konnten.
Die Zusammensetzung des vorgenannten unter der Bezeichnung »Cooledge« im Handel erhältlichen Schneideöls war folgende: Spindelöl 72 °/0, geschwefeltes fettes Öl 22,5%, Harz 3,5%, Phenole 2%.
Beispiel 2
110 Gewichtsteile des im Beispiel 1 erwähnten Öles wurden vermischt mit 4 Gewichtsteilen einer 55°/oigen wäßrigen Dispersion von Polyvinylchlorid. Aus diesem Gemisch wurden zwei verdünnte Emulsionen hergestellt ; eine durch Verdünnen des Gemisches mit der zehnfachen Menge Wasser und eine zweite durch Verdünnen mit der zwanzigfachen Menge Wasser. Die erstgenannte verdünnte Emulsion wird nachstehend als Emulsion A und die zweite verdünnte Emulsion als Emulsion B bezeichnet.
Die Emulsionen A und B wurden geprüft beim Bohren von Stahl mit Hilfe eines Bohrers aus Werkzeugstahl für hohe Geschwindigkeit mit einem Durchmesser von 0,32 cm. Die Drehzahl des Bohrers betrug 3340 Umdr./min. Die Tiefe des gebohrten Loches war 2,1 cm, und die Bohrzeit betrug 3 Sekunden.
Zu Vergleichszwecken wurde der Versuch auch unter gleichen Bedingungen, aber unter Verwendung einer Emulsion, welche aus 1 Teil des im Beispiel 1 erwähnten Schneideöles, das im Handel unter der Bezeichnung »Cooledgeir erhältlich ist, in 20 Teilen Wasser bestand, durchgeführt.
Bei jedem Versuch wurde bestimmt, wie oft der Bohrer unter den betreffenden Bedingungen verwendet werden konnte. Jeder Versuch wurde dreimal durchgeführt, um Gewißheit über die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu gewinnen.
Die erhaltenen Resultate sind in der nachstehenden Tabelle angegeben. Für jede der geprüften Emulsionen
ist auch die Durchschnittszahl der möglichen Bohrungen angeführt, welche mit dem gleichen Bohrer erreicht werden kann.
5 Emulsion Tabelle Durchschnittliche
Zahl der möglichen Zahl der möglichen
»Cooleäge« ver Bohrungen Bohrungen
dünnt mit der bei jedem Versuch.
IO zwanzig fachen
Menge Wasser
Emulsion A .... 173
Emulsion B i8o 164 174 393
371 379 430 298
315 273 307
Wie aus den angegebenen Resultaten ersichtlich ist, war die Lebensdauer des Bohrers bei Anwendung der Polyvinylchlorid enthaltenden Emulsionen wesentlich langer als bei Verwendung der Emulsion des unter der Handelsbezeichnung »Cooledge« bekannten Öles, das kein Polyvinylchlorid enthält.

Claims (4)

  1. PATENTANSPRÜCHE:
    i. Schmiermittel für die Metallbearbeitung, bestehend aus einer Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an polymerem Vinylhalogenid, insbesondere Polyvinylchlorid, oder Vinylidenhalogenid oder einem Mischpolymerisat einer oder beider dieser Halogenide mit einer ungesättigten organischen Verbindung, dessen Molanteil an diesen Halogeniden in dem Mischpolymerisat mindestens 50% beträgt.
  2. 2. Schmiermittel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehalt an Polymerisat oder Mischpolymerisat 1 bis 100, vorzugsweise 2 bis 50 Gewichtsteile, auf trockene Substanz berechnet, bezogen auf 100 Gewichtsteile der wasserfreien Ölkomponente der Emulsion beträgt.
  3. 3. Schmiermittel gemäß Anspruch 1 und 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen weiteren Gehalt an bekannten Emulgatoren, Stabilisatoren, Hochdruckschutz-, Antikorrosions-, Reinigungs- und Schaumverhinderungsmitteln und bzw. oder einem bekannten Mittel zur Erhöhung der Lagerbeständigkeit.
  4. 4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Polymerisat oder Mischpolymerisat ein Polymerisat oder Mischpolymerisat enthält, welches einer Halogenierung, Sulfurisierung oder Phosphorisierung unterworfen worden ist.
    © 9548 9.54
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HU185944B (en) * 1981-08-11 1985-04-28 Janssen Pharmacfutica Nv Process for production of new /4-/diaril-metiliden-piperidino/-alkil-pirimidinone derivatives
FR2964895B1 (fr) * 2010-09-16 2013-07-05 Saint Gobain Isover Dispositif de coupe d'un matelas isolant
JP6776495B2 (ja) * 2015-03-20 2020-10-28 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
KR20210025753A (ko) 2019-08-27 2021-03-10 현대자동차주식회사 고온 내구성이 향상된 윤활제 조성물

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GB730733A (en) 1955-05-25
FR1070850A (fr) 1954-08-17
BE517626A (de)
NL78100C (de)
US2732348A (en) 1956-01-24

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