DE902295C - Schmiermittel - Google Patents
SchmiermittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE902295C DE902295C DEN4495A DEN0004495A DE902295C DE 902295 C DE902295 C DE 902295C DE N4495 A DEN4495 A DE N4495A DE N0004495 A DEN0004495 A DE N0004495A DE 902295 C DE902295 C DE 902295C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- salts
- lubricant according
- condensation products
- lubricant
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLSPCFYPYRYKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;4-octylphenol Chemical class O=C.CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZLSPCFYPYRYKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 101000720704 Homo sapiens Neuronal migration protein doublecortin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102100025929 Neuronal migration protein doublecortin Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 dibutylthiophenol Chemical compound 0.000 description 31
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 14
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NSENZNPLAVRFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCC NSENZNPLAVRFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940044652 phenolsulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NFIDBGJMFKNGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1O NFIDBGJMFKNGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012261 resinous substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUKJZYZDOKKAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloronaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Cl)=C(C=O)C=CC2=C1 DUKJZYZDOKKAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAPNOHKVXSQRPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethanol Chemical compound CC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAPNOHKVXSQRPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)CO1 GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(C)(C)C SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPEJOYPHWFOWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol;formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GPEJOYPHWFOWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZBFJIJMYDYPKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentylbenzenethiol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S WZBFJIJMYDYPKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVXRCAWUNAOCTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVXRCAWUNAOCTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009622 Bergius process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Chemical class CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical compound [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XPNGNIFUDRPBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methylbenzylalcohol Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1CO XPNGNIFUDRPBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001559 benzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZXVZUBIFYQWJK-KWRJMZDGSA-N ethyl (z,12r)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC AZXVZUBIFYQWJK-KWRJMZDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIJKUWBQKRYSPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;2-pentylphenol Chemical compound O=C.CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O ZIJKUWBQKRYSPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
(WiGBl. S. 175)
AUSGEGEBEN AM 21. JANUAR 1954
N 4495 IVd / 23c
Schmiermittel
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schmiermittel, insbesondere auf Mineralschmierölbasis, die zur Verwendung
bei stark beanspruchten Motoren, wie Automobil-, Lastwagen-, Omnibus- und Traktormotoren,
sowie für alle Arten von Dieselmotoren u. dgl. besonders geeignet sind.
Kohlenwasserstofföle, wie mineralische Schmieröle u. dgl., sowie auch synthetische Öle sind im allgemeinen
für die Schmierung bei starker Beanspruchung infolge der außerordentlich hohen Drücke, der schweren Belastung
und der hohen Temperaturen, die sich bei den vorgenannten Motoren unter den Arbeitsbedingungen
ergeben, nicht geeignet. Wenn Öle solchen Bedingungen unterworfen werden, werden sie rasch zerstört und zerfallen
unter der Bildung von Schlamm, lackartigen Überzügen, korrodierenden sauren Stoffen, welche legierte
Metalle angreifen und schädigen, und anderen verunreinigenden Stoffen, welche Abnutzung, Riefenbildung,
insbesondere Riefen im Zylinder, Verschrammung der Maschinenteile sowie ein Hängenbleiben der
Kolbenringe und Klemmen herbeiführen.
Andere Verhältnisse, welche die Zerstörung von Basisschmiermitteln begünstigen und beschleunigen
und welche mindestens zum Teil ihre rasche Oxydation . herbeiführen, sind Anwesenheit geringer Feuchtigkeitsmengen, die in dem Schmiermittel gebildet werden
bzw. darin enthalten sind, oder aus den Treibstoffen entstandene Dämpfe, die in das Schmiersystem eindringen
und schädliche Zerstörungsprodukte u. dgl. bilden. Auch die geringen Toleranzen, auf welche die
Motorteile eingestellt sind, sowie die sehr kleinen Abstände zwischen verschiedenen Motorteilen erschweren
diese Situation und unterstützen den Zerfall des Schmiermittels. Dies ist auf die Tatsache zurück-
zuführen, daß lackartige Überzüge auf verschiedenen Motorteilen, wie Ringen, Ventilen, Kolben und Zylinderwandungen,
welche durch einen Zerfall des Öls verursacht sind, die Abstände zwischen den Motorteilen
verringern und als Wärmeisolatoren wirken, und diese beiden Umstände führen zu einer Erhöhung der
Öltemperatur, welche einen weiteren Zerfall herbeiführt.
Die Bildung lackartiger Schichten wird der Oxydation
von Ölen zugeschrieben. Es handelt sich um ίο harte harzartige Stoffe, welche die Neigung haben, auf
Metallflächen fest zu haften und auf diesen einen harten Überzug zu bilden, welcher Blasen bildet und abschilfert,
wodurch eine Scheuerwirkung erzielt wird, welche die Flächen zerschrammt und die Ölwege verstopft.
Hängenbleiben von Ringen und Kolben sowie Verschmutzen und Verstopfen eines Motors werden auch
verursacht durch Schlamm, welcher durch Oxydation von Ölen bei starker Belastung und hohen Temperaturen
gebildet wird. Der Schlamm ist besonders unangenehm, denn außer der Abnutzung und Korrosion
überzieht und verstopft er das Kreislaufsystem der Motoren, wodurch ihre Wirksamkeit herabgesetzt wird.
Die Oxydations- und Zersetzungsprodukte von Öl wirken stark korrodierend, insbesondere gegenüber
Legierungen, wie Kupfer—Blei, Cadmium — Silber,
Blei-Bronze-Stahllagern u. dgl. Es können auch andere Faktoren bei der Korrosion mitspielen; sie sind von sehr
verwickelter Art und verschiedenen: Ursprungs. Beispielsweise können Säuren, die in Ölen oder Treibstoffen
enthalten sind oder gebildet werden, Lager aus Legierungen angreifen. Auch die Wirkung von Schwefel,
welcher aus gewissen, im Öl vorhandenen Verbindungen stammt oder sogar frei im Öl oder im. Treibstoff
5 vorkommt, kann bei hohen Temperaturen bei modernen Lagern sehr gefährlich sein. So kann die Anwesenheit
gewisser Schwefelverbindungen zu einem Angriff auf Lagerflächen führen, z. B. bei Ventilführungsstiften
usw. Diese Verhältnisse, welche im allgemeinen beim Schmieren von stark beanspruchten Motoren auftreten,
führen nicht nur zu schweren Schädigungen, sondern häufig zu einem vollständigen Versagen des
Motors.
Schmiermittel für stark beanspruchte Motoren müssen oft sogenannte Hochdruckeigenschaften aufweisen,
so daß sie auch unter sehr ungünstigen Bedingungen Abnutzung verhindern und die Lagerflächen schützen.
Es ist jedoch gefunden worden, daß zu diesem Zweck verwendete Zusätze im allgemeinen verstärkte Ablagerungen
in den Motoren hervorrufen und stark korrodierend wirken. Das Problem der Zusammenstellung
von Schmiermitteln für stark beanspruchte Motoren mit befriedigenden oxydationshindernden,
reinigenden, Abnutzung verhindernden, korrosions-, hindernden und Hochdruckeigenschaften ist bisher
nach Kenntnis der Erfinderin noch nicht gelöst worden. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die
Schaffung eines zusammengesetzten Schmiermittels für stark beanspruchte Motoren, welches zur Ver-Wendung
in Motoren geeignet ist, die bei sehr hohen Temperaturen und unter starker Belastung arbeiten.
Ein anderes Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines nicht korrodierenden Schmiermittels,
welches zum Schmieren unter- starken Beanspruchungen geeignet ist. Diese und weitere Vorteile der Erfindung
sind aus der folgenden Beschreibung ersichtlich, - .
Die Erfindung umfaßt in ihrer allgemeinen Form ein Schmiermittel, welches untergeordnete Mengen zweier
verschiedener Arten von Zusätzen enthält, deren Kornbination einen synergetischen Effekt auf die Schmiermittelbasis
ausübt, so daß sich eine Zusammensetzung von außergewöhnlicher Stabilität und außergewöhnlichem
Schmier vermögen ergibt.
Einer der Zusätze ist ein Salz eines Kondensations-Produktes aus einem Aldehyd und einer aromatischen
Verbindung, welches durch die allgemeine Formel
-Ar— R'
(I)
dargestellt werden kann, in welcher Ar ein ein- oder
mehrkerniger aromatischer Ring, R eine Alkyl-, Alkoxy-, Aroxy- oder Arylalkylgruppe, die vorzugsweise für
alle diese R in einem Molekül insgesamt 8 bis 32 Kohlenstoffatome enthält, m eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 3,
R' ein Kohlenwasserstoffrest, der gewünschtenfalls polare Gruppen gebunden enthalten kann, η ο, ι oder 2,
X eine polare Gruppe, welche entweder indirekt über die Gruppe R' oder direkt an den aromatischen Ring
(Ar) gebunden ist, bedeuten. Wenn q größer ist als 1,
z. B. 2 oder 3, soll mindestens eine der Gruppen X ein aktives Wasserstoffatom aufweisen. Wenn q 1 ist, muß
die polare Gruppe ein aktives Wasserstoffatom aufweisen. Die polare Gruppe X kann OH, SH, SeH,
TeH, SO2, SO3, SO3H, 0-SO3H, Cl, Br, CN, SNC,
NH2, NO2, NO, N = NO, COOH, COSH, CSOH,
CSSH usw. sein. Verbindungen, welche als Beispiele für die obengenannte allgemeine Formel angeführt und
zur Bildung der Kondensationsprodukte mit Aldehyden verwendet werden können, sind: Dibutylphenol,
Dibutylthiophenol, Amylphenol, Amylthiophenol, ditert.-Butylphenol
und ihre Thio-, Selen- und Teluranalogen,
Octylphenol, p-Isooctylphenol, Isobutylphenol,
Nonylphenol, Cetylphenol und ihre Thio-, Selen- und Teluranalogen, Alkylaminophenol, Alkylaminonaphthol;
Alkylcinnamylalkohol, Methylphenylcarbinol, Octylnitrophenol, Octylnitrosophenol, Aminobutylnitrophenol,
Octyldioxybenzol, tert.-Butyläther von o-tert.-Bütyl-p-kresol, Alkylsalicylsäure usw.
Die zur Bildung von Kondensationsprodukten mit no
den vorgenannten aromatischen Verbindungen verwendeten Aldehyde können aliphatische, aromatische
oder cyclische Aldehyde sein, wie Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Crotonaldehyd, Butyraldehyd, Benzaldehyd,
Furfurol u. dgl.
Vorzugsweise wird zur Bildung von Kondensationsprodukten im Sinne der Erfindung ein niedrigmolekularer
Aldehyd, wie Formaldehyd oder Acetaldehyd, verwendet. Die Kondensation solcher Aldehyde mit
Phenolen, z. B. vorzugsweise mit Phenolen, die eine Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- oder Arylgruppe in p-Stellung zu
der phenolischen Hydroxylgruppe enthalten, kann nach den in der Technik bekannten Methoden durcheführt
werden, z. B. durch Erhitzen mit einem sauren oder basischen Katalysator. In Abhängigkeit von den
Ausgangsstoffen und den Kondensationsbedingungen
schwanken die Erzeugnisse im Aussehen von viskosen Flüssigkeiten bis zu harzartigen Stoffen. Eine Reihe
solcher Kondensationsprodukte ist im Handel erhältlich, und da ihre Herstellungsart allgemein bekannt
ist, werden keine weiteren Einzelheiten bezüglich der Herstellung angeführt.
Die Kondensationsprodukte können in der in der Technik bekannten Art in Metallsalze übergeführt werden,
z. B. durch gleichzeitige Behandlung des Reaktionsgemisches während des Kondensationsvorganges
mit Calciumhydroxyd zwecks Erzeugung des Calciumsalzes. Im allgemeinen werden die Salze der
Erdalkalimetalle (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) bevorzugt, obwohl man auch andere Salze mehrwertiger Metalle, wie diejenigen
von Zn, Al, Pb, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr und Sn, verwenden kann.
Salze von Kondensationsprodukten, die in der Schmierölbasis, z. B. in Mineralöl oder einem synthetischen
Öl, schwer löslich sind, können dieser durch Verwendung einer Homogenisiereinrichtung einverleibt
werden. Ein einfacheres Verfahren besteht im Auflösen des Salzes in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel, wie Benzol,
und allmählicher Entfernung des Lösungsmittels durch Destillation während der Zugabe des Ols, z. B.
durch Hindurchleiten des inerten Gases (Stickstoff, Erdgas usw.) durch das Gemisch bei erhöhter Temperatur.
Dies führt im allgemeinen zu einem stabilen Konzentrat des Salzes in einer Schmiermittelbasis,
welches dann bei Bedarf zur Erzielung der gewünschten Salzkonzentration weiter verdünnt werden kann. Ein
anderes wirksames Verfahren zum Löslichmachen schwerlöslicher Salze besteht im Zusetzen des Salzes
zu der Schmiermittelbasis bei erhöhter Temperatur unter Rühren.
Typische Beispiele für diese Art des Zusatzes sind die Ca-, Ba-, Mg-, Sr-, Cu-, Zn-, Al- und Sn-Salze der folgenden
Kondensationsprodukte: Octylphenolf ormaldehyd, Octylphenolacetaldehyd, Isooctylphenolacetaldehyd,
Isooctylphenolcrotonaldehyd, Octylphenolbenzaldehyd, Octylphenolfurfurol, Amylphenolformaldehyd,
Diisobutylphenolformaldehyd, Diisobutylthiophenolformaldehyd, Octylnaphtholformaldehyd,
Octylnitrophenolformaldehyd, Octylnitrophenolacetaldehyd, Octylnitrothiophenolacetaldehyd, Aminobutylnitrophenolformaldehyd,
Octyldioxybenzolformaldehyd, Octylcinnamylalkoholformaldehyd, Diisobutylnitrosophenolformaldehyd,
Diisobutylcyanphenolformaldehyd.Diisobutylphenolsulfonsäureformaldehyd
und Diisobutylselenphenolformaldehyd.
Ein derartiger Zusatz oder ein Gemisch derselben kann in Mengen von ο,οΐ bis 5 Gewichtsprozent verwendet
werden; im allgemeinen werden Mengen von 0,1 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent benutzt. Man kann jedoch
auch Mengen bis zu 20 Gewichtsprozent anwenden.
Der zweite Zusatz der Kombination ist ein Salz, vorzugsweise eines mehrwertigen Metalls, einer aromatischen
Verbindung, welche durch die allgemeine Formel
Jt\.-j
XH
SO3H
(Π)
dargestellt wird. In dieser Formel ist Ar ein einkerniger oder mehrkerniger aromatischer Ring und R ein
Kohlenwasserstoffrest, welcher vorzugsweise bei allen R im Molekül insgesamt 8 bis 32 Kohlenstoffatome enthält,
gesättigt oder ungesättigt sein kann und polare Gruppen, wie Halogen, NH2, CN, NO2 usw., als Substituenten
enthalten kann, y bedeutet eine ganze Zahl von ι bis 3, insbesondere 1 oder 2, und X ist ein EIement
aus der Gruppe O, S, Se und Te. Bei der teilweisen oder vollständigen Neutralisierung oder Umwandlung
dieser Phenolsulfonsäuren mit Oxyden, Hydroxyden, Carbonaten oder Sulfaten von vorzugsweise
mehrwertigen Metallen, wie der Erdalkalimetalle (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) oder von Zn, Al, Sn, Ni, Cu, Fe usw.,
können je nach den Bedingungen der Neutralisation und der Umwandlung verschiedene Salze gebildet werden,
und jedes derselben kann für sich oder in Mischung mit anderen in Kombination mit dem ersten erfindungsgemäßen
Zusatz (einem Salz eines Kondensationsproduktes von Alkylphenolformaldehyd) verwendet
werden, wobei die Kombination in einer Schmiermittelbasis zusammengesetzte Schmiermittel
von ausgesprochener Überlegenheit ergibt. Verschiedene Salze zweiwertiger Metalle der aromatischen Verbindungen,
welche durch obige Formel (II) dargestellt sind, können durch die folgenden Formeln wiedergegeben
werden.
XH
(Ry-Ar- SO3 -)2M
(Ry-Ar —X—)2M
SO3H
X
X
Ry-Ar
(III)
(ι)
(2)
(3)
SO,
Ry-Ar:
Ry-Ar:
Ry-Ar:
SO3M-OH
X —M —OH
XSO3H
X — M — OH
SO,M' — OH
(4)
(5)
(6)
In diesen Formeln sind die Symbole Ar, R, X und y die gleichen wie in der Formel (II), und M und M'
stellen gleiche oder verschiedene zweiwertige Metalle dar. Ähnliche Kombinationen des anionischen Teils der
Verbindungen werden mit anderen mehrwertigen Metallkationen gebildet.
Spezielle Beispiele aus der zweiten Gruppe der zuzusetzenden
Stoffe sind;
5
5
Ca-, Ba- oder Sr-Bu tylphenolsulfonat, Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Octylphenolsulfonat,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Dibutylphenolsulfonat,
Mg-, Ca-, Ba- oder Zn-SaIz von durch eine langkettige
Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe substituierter Phenolsulfonsäure,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Butylthiophenolsulfonat,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-tert.-Butylphenolsulfonat,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Dibutylnaphtholsulfonat,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Dibutylthionaphtholsulfonat,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Butylphenolatsulfonsäure,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-C8-C18-Alkylphenolatsulfonsäure,
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Dibutylphenolatsulfon-
Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Al- oder Zn-Dibutylphenolatsulfon-
säure,
inneres Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Mg- oder Zn-SaIz von Dibutylphenolsulfonsäure,
inneres Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Mg- oder Zn-SaIz von Dibutylphenolsulfonsäure,
inneres Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Mg- oder Zn-SaIz von Dibutylthiophenolsulfonsäure,
basische Ca-, Ba- oder Mg-Salze von Dibutylphenol-
sulfonsäure,
basische Ca-, Ba- oder Mg-Salze von C4-C18-Phenol-
basische Ca-, Ba- oder Mg-Salze von C4-C18-Phenol-
sulfonsäure.
30
30
Die durch die Formeln (II) und (III) dargestellten
Verbindungen können mit Schwefelhälogeniden zwecks Bildung der Sulfidderivate der genannten Salze, welche
erfindungsgemäß mit großem Vorteil verwendet werden können, umgesetzt werden.
Die Salze der durch die Formel (II) dargestellten aromatischen Verbindungen und Gemische aus solchen
können in Mengen von 0,01 bis 5 und vorzugsweise von 0,1 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent verwendet werden.
Die Schmiermittelbasis kann aus der Vielzahl der natürlichen und synthetischen Schmiermittel ausgewählt
werden. Man kann Mineralöle und ihre Gemische mit einer Viskosität von 100 bis 2000 S.U.S.
verwenden, wobei diese Mineralöle aus den verschiedensten Rohölen gewonnen sein können. Man kann auch
Gemische von Mineralölen und fetten Ölen, wie Ricinusöl, Specköl u. dgl., sowie synthetische Öle und Gemische
aus synthetischen Ölen und mineralischen und bzw. oder fetten Ölen bzw. ihren Derivaten verwenden.
Synthetische Schmiermittel, die in erfindungsgemäßen Gemischen verwendet werden können, sind
I. synthetische, nach dem Fischer-Tropsch-, Synthol-, Synthine-Verfahren und verwandten Arbeitsweisen
hergestellte Schmiermittel, z. B. durch A. PoIymerisation
von Olefinen, wie Äthylen, Butylen u. dgl. und ihren Gemischen in Anwesenheit eines Friedel-Crafts-Katalysators
oder eines sonstigen Katalysators unter erhöhtem Druck und bei erhöhter Temperatur;
B. Polymerisation ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe in Gegenwart eines Katalysators und anschließendes
Kondensieren der genannten polymerisierten Produkte mit einem aromatischen Stoff, wie Xylol, Benzol,
Naphthalin usw; C. Oxydation polymerisierter Olefine aus dem Schmierölbereich, wie unter A. und B. angegeben;
D. Umwandlung von Erdgas in Kohlenmonoxyd und Wasserstoff und nachfolgende katalytische
Reaktion bei erhöhter Temperatur und erhöhtem Druck zwecks Gewinnung von Kohlenwasserstoffen im
Schmiermittelbereich (Syntholverfahren).
II. Bergius-Verfahren zur Herstellung synthetischer Schmiermittel, z. B. A. Hydrierung von Kohle, Torf
und verwandten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien unter Druck bei erhöhter Temperatur und in Anwesenheit
eines Katalysators; B. Hydrierung von Asphalten, Erdölrückständen u. dgl.
III. Voltolisierungsverfahren zur Herstellung synthetischer Schmiermittel, z. B. A. Voltolisierung fetter
Stoffe, z. B. fetter Öle; B. Voltolisierung von Gemischen aus fetten Ölen und Erdölkohlenwasserstoffen;
C. Voltolisierung ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe, ihrer Gemische u. dgl.
IV. Organische synthetische Schmiermittel: A. Alkylester organischer Säuren, z. B. Alkyllactate, Alkyloxalate,
Alkylsebacate, z.B. Di-(2-äthylhexyl)-sebacat, Alkyladipate, Alkylphthalate (Dioctylphthalate),
Alkylricinoleate (Äthylricinoleat), Alkylbenzoate; B. Alkyl- und Alkylarylester anorganischer Säuren,
z. B. Trixylenylphosphat, Tributylphosphat, Triäthylphosphat.
V. Synthetische Schmiermittel, die gewonnen sind durch Polymerisation von Alkylenoxyden oder Alkylenglykolen
bei erhöhten Temperaturen in Anwesenheit von Katalysatoren, wie Jod, Jodwasserstoffsäure
usw.: A. Polymere von Äthylenglykol, Trimethylenglykol,
Propylenglykol, Tetramethylenglykol, Hexamethylenglykol, Pentamethylenglykol; B. Mischpolymerisate
von Trimethylenglykol und Triäthylenglykol, Trimethylenglykol und Hexamethylenglykol, Trimethylenglykol
und /3-methyltrimethylenglykol, Trimethylenglykol
und Diäthylenglykol; C. Mischpolymerisate aus gewissen Oxyden, die bei höheren Temperaturen
und in Anwesenheit von KOH oder BF3-Ätherkatalysator
usw. hergestellt worden sind, z. B. Äthylenoxyd und Propylenoxyd, Isobutylenoxyd und
Propylenoxyd, Epichlorhydrin und Propylenoxyd;
D. schwefelhaltige Polymerisate, die erhalten worden sind durch Behandlung von Allylalkohol, Divinyläther,
Diallyläther, Dimethallyläther oder Glykolen mit H2S
in Anwesenheit eines Katalysators wie Toluolsulfonsäure,
z. B. Dioxydiäthylsulfid, Dioxydipropylsulfid, Trimethylenglykol und Dioxydipropylsulfid, Trimethylenglykol
und Dioxydiäthylsulfid.
VI. Polymere, die aus sauerstoffhaltigen heteroxyclischen Verbindungen erhalten worden sind, z. B. durch
Polymerisation von Tetrahydrofuran in Anwesenheit eines Katalysators.
VII. Siliconpolymere, z. B. Polyalkylsiliconpolymere, wie Dimethylsiliconpolymere, Alkylarylsiliconpolymere.
-
VIII. Fluorierte Kohlenwasserstofföle, z. B. fluorierte
Erdölfraktionen usw.
Zusätzlich zu den beiden wesentlichen vorstehend beschriebenen Zusatzstoffen, welche Bestandteile der
erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittelgemische darstellen, können auch weitere Komponenten, wie Oxydations-
und Korrosionsverhinderer, Mittel zur Verbesserung
der öligkeit, Hochdruckzusatzstoffe, Mittel gegen Abnutzung
u. dgl., verwendet werden. Solche Zusätze werden nachstehend noch erörtert.
Die allgemeine Zusammensetzung von Gemischen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung kann wie folgt
dargestellt werden:
| 5 | Weiteres Gebiet (Gewichts prozent) |
Bevor zugter Bereich (Gewichts prozent) |
| IO i. Metallsalz eines Phenolaldehydkondensationsproduktes, z. B. Ca-SaIz des Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktos mit einem Molgewicht von etwa iioo |
0,01 bis 5 0,01 - 5 O - 2 Rest |
0,1 bis 2 0,1 - 2 0,1 - 0,5 Rest |
| 2. Metallsalz von oxyaromatischen Sulfonsäuren, z. B. Ba-Dibutylphenol- sulfonat |
||
| 3. ölzusätze nach Wahl (Hochdruck-, Öligkeits-Zusätze usw.) 4. Schmiermittelbasis (natürlich und bzw. oder synthetisch) |
Bei der Zusammenstellung von Mischungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung ist es vorzuziehen, die beiden
primären Metallsalze gemäß Erfindung so zu wählen, daß ihre Kationen verschieden sind.
Spezielle Zusammensetzungen nach der Erfindung werden durch die folgenden Beispiele erläutert.
I. Ca-SaIz eines öllöslichen p-Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
mit einem Molgewicht
von etwa 1000 bis iioo
o,3%
Sulfatasche,
Ba-Butylphenolsulfonat.... 1,16 Gewichtsprozent,
Mineralisches Schmieröl.... Rest.
II. Ca-SaIz eines öllöslichen p-Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
mit einem Molgewicht 85
von etwa 1000 bis iioo .... 0,3 °/0 Sulfatasche,
Mg-SaIz von durch eine langkettige Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe
substituierter Phe- 9° nolsulfonsäure 1,2 Gewichtsprozent,
Mineralisches Schmieröl.... Rest.
Die folgende Tabelle erläutert weitere gemischte Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung.
Komponenten*)
Gemische
2 3 I 4 I 5 6 I 7
8 9
X "5 X
Ca-SaIz eines Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
Ba-SaIz eines Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
Zn-SaIz eines Dodecylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
Ba-SaIz von durch eine langkettige Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe substituierter
Phenolsulfonsäure
Ca-Dibutylphenolsulfonat
Zn-Dibutylphenolsulfonat
Ba-Octylphenolsulfonat
Ba-Octylthiophenolsulfonat
Inneres Ba-SaIz einer Octylphenolsulfonsäure
P2 Sg-Terpen-Reaktionsprodukt
Phenyl-et-naphthylamin
Mineralisches Schmieröl
Mineralisches Schmieröl + Dioctylsebacat
*) Die Zusätze ia den Gemischen 1 bis 9 werden in den Konzentrationen verwendet, die oben in der allgemeinen Übersicht
über die Mengenverhältnisse genannt sind.
Die Überlegenheit der erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen
gegenüber bekannten zusammengesetzten Schmiermitteln wird durch die nachstehend zusammengestellten Daten klargestellt,
welche durch Vergleichen solcher bekannter Schmiermittel mit erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln
in praktischen Motorversuchen festgestellt 135
wurden.
Standard-Lauson-Motor-Test
Zusammensetzung
Durchschnitt
liche
Lackbildung*)
liche
Lackbildung*)
ι. Mineralöl
10 2. Mineralöl + 0,15 % Sulfatasche als Ca-SaIz eines Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
3. Mineralöl + 0,25 % Ba-Alkylphenolsulfonat + 0,75 % P2SB-Terpen-Reaktionsprodukt
...
15 4. Mineralöl + 1,15 % Ba-Alkylphenolsulfonat + 0,1 °/0 Sulfatasche als Ca-SaIz
eines Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes
5. Mineralöl + 4% Ba-Alkylphenolsulfonat + 0,1 % Sulfatasche als Ca-SaIz
eines Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsproduktes + 0,75 °/0 P2 S5-
Terpen-Reaktionsprodukt
*) ο = nicht verunreinigt
10 =-stark bedeckt mit schwarzem Lack.
10 =-stark bedeckt mit schwarzem Lack.
100
100
IO
7.1
9.0
9.0
Die Verbindungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung können in Schmiermitteln mit anderen Zusatzstoffen
kombiniert werden, z. B. mit Stoffen zur Verbesserung der Farbe, zur Erniedrigung des Tropfpunktes, zur
Verbesserung der Viskosität, mit Hochdruckzusatzstoffen, Schaumverhinderungsmitteln u. dgl. Unter
den besonderen verwendbaren Zusätzen sind öllösliche Salze verschiedener Basen mit Reinigungsmittel bildenden
Säuren zu. nennen. Solche Basen umfassen
sowohl metallische als auch organische Basen. Metallische Basen umfassen solche der Alkalimetalle sowie
von Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Al, Sn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co usw. Organische Basen umfassen die verschiedenen
Stickstoffbasen, wie primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Amine sowie quaternäre Ammoniumbasen.
Beispiele für Reinigungsmittel bildende Säuren sind die verschiedenen Fettsäuren von beispielsweise 10 bis
30 Kohlenstoffatomen, .Wollfettsäuren, Paraffinsäuren (hergestellt durch Oxydation von festem Paraffin),
chlorierte Fettsäuren, Harzsäuren, aromatische Carbonsäuren einschließlich der Fettsäuren mit einem
aromatischen Substituenten, Oxyfettsäure mit einem aromatischen Substituenten, Benzoesäuren, die durch
eine langkettige Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe substituiert
sind, verschiedene Alkylsalicylsäuren, Phthalsäuremonoester, aromatische Ketosäuren, aromatische
Äthersäuren, Diphenole, wie Di-(alkylphenol)-sulfide und -disulfide u. dgl.
Zusätzliche Reinigungsmittel sind die Erdalkaliphosphatdiester einschließlich der Thiophosphatdiester
und der öllöslichen Erdalkalierdölsulfonate (Mahagonate).
Nichtmetallische Reinigungsmittel umfassen Komponenten wie die Phosphatide, ζ. B. Lecithin und Kefalin,
gewisse fette Öle wie Rapsöl, voltolisierte fette oder mineralische Öle u. dgl.
Es können auch Korrosionsverhinderer oder rostverhindernde Verbindungen in den Gemischen enthalten
sein, wie Dicarbonsäuren mit 16 und mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkali- und Erdalkalisalze von ;
Sulfonsäuren und Fettsäuren, organische Verbindung gen, welche eine saure Gruppe benachbart zu einer
Nitril-, Nitro- oder Nitrosogruppe enthalten, z. B. tt-Cyanstearinsäure.
Brauchbare Hochdruckzusatzstoffe sind z. B. Ester phosphorhaltiger Säuren, wie Triaryl-, Alkyl-, Oxyaryl-
oder Aralkylphosphate, -thiophosphate oder -phosphite.Phosphorsulfid-Terpen-Reaktionsprodukte,
neutrale aromatische Schwefelverbindungen mit verhältnismäßig hohem Siedepunkt, wie Diarylsulfide,
Diaryldisulfide, Alkylaryldisulfide, z. B. Diphenylsulfid, Diphenolsulfid, Dikresolsulfid, Dixylenolsulfid,
Methylbutyldiphenolsulfid, Dibenzylsulfid, entsprechende
Di- und Trisulfide u. dgl., geschwefelte fette Öle bzw. Ester von Fettsäuren mit einwertigen Alkoholen,
z.B. Spermöl, Jojobaöl usw., in welchen der Schwefel stark gebunden ist, geschwefelte langkettige
Olefine, wie sie durch Dehydrieren oder Spalten von Paraffin erhalten werden können, geschwefelte und
phosphorierte fette Öle oder Fettsäuren, Ester phosphorhaltiger Säuren, welche geschwefelte organische
Gruppen enthalten, wie Ester von phosphoriger Säure oder der Phosphorsäure mit geschwefelten Oxyfettsäuren,
chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie chloriertes Paraffin, chlorierte aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe,
chlorierte Terpene, chloriertes mineralisches Schmieröl usw. oder chlorierte Ester von Fettsäuren, die das
Chlor in einer anderen Stellung als der α-Stellung enthalten.
Weitere zusätzliche Bestandteile können umfassen öllösliche Harnstoff- oder Thioharnstoffderivate, ζ. Β.
Urethane, Allophanate, Carbazide, Carbazone usw., ■ Polyisobutylen, ungesättigte polymerisierte Ester von
Fettsäuren mit einwertigen Alkoholen sowie andere hochmolekulare öllösliche Verbindungen.
Je nach der Art der verwendeten Zusätze und den Bedingungen, unter welchen sie benutzt werden, kann
die Menge der Zusätze von 0,01 bis 2 °/0 oder höher
schwanken. Wesentliche Verbesserungen werden jedoch im allgemeinen durch Anwendung von 0,1 bis
ο,5 % in Kombination mit den beiden hauptsächlichen
Zusatzstoffen gemäß der Erfindung erzielt.
Gemische gemäß vorliegender Erfindung können für Motoröle, Turbinenöle, Dampfzylinderöle, Schiffsmotoröle,
Kühlöle und für zahlreiche andere Schmierzwecke außer dem Schmieren von Motoren verwendet
werden, z. B. als Einschmieröl, Spülöl, Rostverhinderungsöl, Abschreck- und Ziehöl, Schmierfett, paraffinhaltige
Gemische u. dgl.
Claims (8)
- PateNTANsPKOche:i. Schmiermittel, insbesondere auf Mineralschmierölbasis, gekennzeichnet durch einen geringen Gehalt an Salzen von Köndensationsprodukten aus Aldehyden und einer aromatischen Verbindung der allgemeinen FormelRn- Ar -R^-(X)4, (I)worin Ar ein einkerniger oder mehrkerniger aromatischer Ring, R eine Alkyl-, Alkoxy-, Aroxy- oder Arylalkylgruppe, m eine ganze Zahl von ι bis 3, R' eine substituierte oder nichtsubstituierte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, η gleich 0,1 oder 2, X eine polare Gruppe, q gleich 1 oder eine höhere Zahl bedeutet und mindestens eines der X ein aktives Wasserstoffatom enthält, sowie einen weiteren geringen Gehalt an Salzen von aromatischen Verbindungen der allgemeinen FormelR„.XHSCLH(Π)worin Ar ein einkerniger oder mehrkerniger aromatischer Ring, R eine substituierte oder nichtsubstituierte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, y eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 3 und X = O, S, Se oder Te bedeuten.
- 2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gruppen R der allgemeinen Formel (I) zusammen 8 bis 32 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten.
- 3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gruppen R der allgemeinen Formel (II) zusammen 8 bis 32 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten.
- 4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Salze solche von mehrwertigen Metallen, insbesondere von Erdalkalien sind.
- 5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Menge jeder der beiden Salzarten 0,01 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf das Schmiermittel, beträgt.
- 6. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Metallsalze von Alkylphenolaldehydkondensationsprodukten, insbesondere von Alkylphenolformaldehydkondensationsprodukten enthalten.
- 7. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Metallsalze von p-Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsprodukten, insbesondere Calciumsalze von p-Octylphenolformaldehydkondensationsprodukten enthalten.
- 8. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Alkylphenolmetallsulfonate, insbesondere Barium- oder Magnesiumsalze von Alkylphenolsulfonsäuren enthalten.© 5694 1.54
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705320XA | 1950-10-04 | 1950-10-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE902295C true DE902295C (de) | 1954-01-21 |
Family
ID=22095846
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEN4495A Expired DE902295C (de) | 1950-10-04 | 1951-10-03 | Schmiermittel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE902295C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1050358A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB705320A (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1242317B (de) * | 1960-08-08 | 1967-06-15 | Shell Int Research | Hydraulikfluessigkeit |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3350309A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1967-10-31 | Mobil Oil Corp | Stabilization of silicone fluids with an iron compound and a polycarboxylic acid |
| CN115992028B (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-08-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 抗氧剂组合物及其制备方法 |
-
1951
- 1951-10-02 GB GB22953/51A patent/GB705320A/en not_active Expired
- 1951-10-03 DE DEN4495A patent/DE902295C/de not_active Expired
- 1951-10-04 FR FR1050358D patent/FR1050358A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1242317B (de) * | 1960-08-08 | 1967-06-15 | Shell Int Research | Hydraulikfluessigkeit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB705320A (en) | 1954-03-10 |
| FR1050358A (fr) | 1954-01-07 |
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