DE69518998T2 - Rohr mit Calcium-Aluminiumoxidzement-Auskleidung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents
Rohr mit Calcium-Aluminiumoxidzement-Auskleidung und Verfahren zu dessen HerstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE69518998T2 DE69518998T2 DE69518998T DE69518998T DE69518998T2 DE 69518998 T2 DE69518998 T2 DE 69518998T2 DE 69518998 T DE69518998 T DE 69518998T DE 69518998 T DE69518998 T DE 69518998T DE 69518998 T2 DE69518998 T2 DE 69518998T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cylindrical body
- cement
- lining
- coating
- cementitious
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920006334 epoxy coating Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005002 finish coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/0023—Lining the inner wall of hollow objects, e.g. pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/02—Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings
- F16L21/03—Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings placed in the socket before connection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
- F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
- F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
- F16L58/06—Coatings characterised by the materials used by cement, concrete, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00525—Coating or impregnation materials for metallic surfaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S138/00—Pipes and tubular conduits
- Y10S138/06—Corrosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/1314—Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
- Y10T428/1321—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/270,009 US5585141A (en) | 1994-07-01 | 1994-07-01 | Method for lining pipe with calcium alumina cement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69518998D1 DE69518998D1 (de) | 2000-11-09 |
| DE69518998T2 true DE69518998T2 (de) | 2001-02-08 |
Family
ID=23029519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69518998T Expired - Fee Related DE69518998T2 (de) | 1994-07-01 | 1995-07-03 | Rohr mit Calcium-Aluminiumoxidzement-Auskleidung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5585141A (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP0690258B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2636807B2 (OSRAM) |
| KR (1) | KR0168953B1 (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | ATE196795T1 (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU683341B2 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR9502953A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA2144199C (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE69518998T2 (OSRAM) |
| DK (1) | DK0690258T3 (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES2150532T3 (OSRAM) |
| TR (1) | TR28772A (OSRAM) |
| TW (1) | TW317528B (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013103038A1 (de) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-25 | Duktus Rohrsysteme Wetzlar GmbH | Korrosionsschutz für Gussrohre |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4558223B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-29 | 2010-10-06 | ケルネオ | 吹付けコンクリート湿式工法で使用するアルミン酸カルシウムモルタル |
| US7779917B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2010-08-24 | Cameron International Corporation | Subsea connection apparatus for a surface blowout preventer stack |
| AU2003900751A0 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2003-03-06 | Water Corporation | Method of stabilising cement lined pipes |
| US10538383B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2020-01-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Protection system for sulfur storage apparatus |
| JP6457411B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2019-01-23 | 株式会社クボタ | ダクタイル鋳鉄管および管路 |
| FR3099945B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-10-29 | Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson | Tuyau, jonction tubulaire et procédé de fabrication correspondants |
| IT202000026242A1 (it) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-04 | Pipes & Fittings Eqofluids S L | Sistema di giunzione integrato per elementi tubolari di distribuzione dei fluidi |
| JP7499167B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-14 | 2024-06-13 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | 貫通ダクト構造 |
Family Cites Families (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1684671A (en) * | 1925-10-12 | 1928-09-18 | Barber Asphalt Co | Method of preventing evaporation from concrete during curing |
| US2143515A (en) * | 1930-07-19 | 1939-01-10 | Barber Asphalt Corp | Method of curing concrete |
| GB395019A (en) * | 1931-01-13 | 1933-07-10 | Ver Stahlwerke Ag | Centrifugal process for lining tubes with bituminous substances |
| US2275272A (en) * | 1938-12-12 | 1942-03-03 | Jr Edward W Scripture | Method of curing concrete |
| US2557544A (en) * | 1945-04-14 | 1951-06-19 | Lock Joint Pipe Co | Method for lining pipe |
| US2917778A (en) * | 1955-12-23 | 1959-12-22 | Coleman Co | Closed vessel curing of concrete |
| US3206821A (en) * | 1962-09-19 | 1965-09-21 | Price Brothers Co | Means for moulding a coating on pipe |
| US3249665A (en) * | 1962-11-13 | 1966-05-03 | Pan American Petroleum Corp | Method of lining pipe with cement |
| US3287801A (en) * | 1962-11-26 | 1966-11-29 | Pan American Petroleum Corp | Method for lining pipe under pressure |
| US3669700A (en) * | 1969-04-17 | 1972-06-13 | Gulf Research Development Co | Cement composition for lining pipe |
| US3682676A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1972-08-08 | John H Karrh | Thermosetting resin coatings |
| JPS537923B2 (OSRAM) * | 1973-12-17 | 1978-03-23 | ||
| JPS5091618A (OSRAM) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-07-22 | ||
| JPS537924B2 (OSRAM) * | 1974-01-11 | 1978-03-23 | ||
| JPS5944555B2 (ja) * | 1977-12-27 | 1984-10-30 | 勇 津田 | 防錆、防蝕性にすぐれたライニング管 |
| DE2804357C3 (de) * | 1978-02-02 | 1981-01-15 | Kloeckner Kommunal- Und Industriebau Gmbh, 4500 Osnabrueck | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Betonrohrs mit Muffe |
| EP0026844A3 (de) * | 1979-10-04 | 1981-06-10 | Buderus Aktiengesellschaft | Mit einer Umhüllung versehenes Rohr, insbesondere Muffenrohr |
| JPS6044554B2 (ja) * | 1980-08-08 | 1985-10-04 | 日本鋼管工事株式会社 | 内面ポリマ−セメントモルタルライニング鋼管 |
| JPS5767057A (en) * | 1980-10-08 | 1982-04-23 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of centrifugally reinforced concrete moldings |
| US4298634A (en) * | 1980-11-04 | 1981-11-03 | Compagnie Internationale Pour L'informatique Cii-Honeywell Bull (Societe Anonyme) | Method for coating cylindrical surfaces |
| JPS5845007A (ja) * | 1981-09-11 | 1983-03-16 | 日本セメント株式会社 | 鋼管コンクリ−トパイルの製造方法 |
| DE3227592C1 (de) * | 1982-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer abriebfesten und korrosionsbestaendigen Zementmoertelauskleidung in Metallrohren |
| CA1247151A (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1988-12-20 | Thomas R. Kleeb | Abrasion resistant refractory composition |
| DE3828427A1 (de) * | 1988-08-22 | 1990-03-08 | Roehrenwerk Gebr Fuchs Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum umhuellen von mit einem thermoplastischen kunststoff beschichteten stahlrohren mit einer zusaetzlichen schutzschicht aus einer hydraulisch abbindenden masse wie zementmoertel |
| EP0374667A1 (de) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-06-27 | Peter Hartmann Beteiligungen AG | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung eines Verbundrohres in einer rotierenden Trommel |
| US5037600A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1991-08-06 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Method of applying a polyolefin coating to pipe |
| KR930702151A (ko) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-09-08 | 마에다 카쯔노스케 | 콘크리트 물품과 그 제조방법 |
| DE4215190C1 (de) * | 1992-05-08 | 1994-01-13 | Buderus Guss Gmbh | Verwendung einer Zementmörtelmischung |
-
1994
- 1994-07-01 US US08/270,009 patent/US5585141A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-08 CA CA002144199A patent/CA2144199C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-23 AU AU15031/95A patent/AU683341B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-04-12 TW TW084103549A patent/TW317528B/zh active
- 1995-04-24 KR KR1019950009676A patent/KR0168953B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-18 TR TR00588/95A patent/TR28772A/xx unknown
- 1995-06-27 JP JP7160733A patent/JP2636807B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-27 BR BR9502953A patent/BR9502953A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-07-03 DE DE69518998T patent/DE69518998T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-03 DK DK95304658T patent/DK0690258T3/da active
- 1995-07-03 AT AT95304658T patent/ATE196795T1/de active
- 1995-07-03 ES ES95304658T patent/ES2150532T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-03 EP EP95304658A patent/EP0690258B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-08-19 US US08/697,076 patent/US5955162A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013103038A1 (de) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-25 | Duktus Rohrsysteme Wetzlar GmbH | Korrosionsschutz für Gussrohre |
| US10161544B2 (en) | 2013-03-25 | 2018-12-25 | Duktus Rohrsysteme Wetzlar GmbH | Corrosion protection for cast iron pipes and method for producing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69518998D1 (de) | 2000-11-09 |
| ES2150532T3 (es) | 2000-12-01 |
| JP2636807B2 (ja) | 1997-07-30 |
| ATE196795T1 (de) | 2000-10-15 |
| KR960004271A (ko) | 1996-02-23 |
| US5955162A (en) | 1999-09-21 |
| CA2144199A1 (en) | 1996-01-02 |
| BR9502953A (pt) | 1996-06-25 |
| TW317528B (OSRAM) | 1997-10-11 |
| JPH0842782A (ja) | 1996-02-16 |
| EP0690258A1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
| DK0690258T3 (da) | 2000-10-16 |
| EP0690258B1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| TR28772A (tr) | 1997-02-20 |
| AU683341B2 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
| CA2144199C (en) | 1999-09-07 |
| KR0168953B1 (ko) | 1999-01-15 |
| US5585141A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
| AU1503195A (en) | 1996-01-18 |
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